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Hou R, Zhang J, Fu Q, Li T, Gao S, Wang R, Zhao S, Zhu B. The boom era of emerging contaminants: A review of remediating agricultural soils by biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172899. [PMID: 38692328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are widely sourced persistent pollutants that pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. Their footprint spans global ecosystems, making their remediation highly challenging. In recent years, a significant amount of literature has focused on the use of biochar for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil and water environments. However, the use of biochar for the remediation of ECs in agricultural soils has not received as much attention, and as a result, there are limited reviews available on this topic. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of the primary types, sources, and hazards of ECs in farmland, as well as the structure, functions, and preparation types of biochar. Furthermore, this paper emphasizes the importance and prospects of three remediation strategies for ECs in cropland: (i) employing activated, modified, and composite biochar for remediation, which exhibit superior pollutant removal compared to pure biochar; (ii) exploring the potential synergistic efficiency between biochar and compost, enhancing their effectiveness in soil improvement and pollution remediation; (iii) utilizing biochar as a shelter and nutrient source for microorganisms in biochar-mediated microbial remediation, positively impacting soil properties and microbial community structure. Given the increasing global prevalence of ECs, the remediation strategies provided in this paper aim to serve as a valuable reference for future remediation of ECs-contaminated agricultural lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Shijun Gao
- Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Five building Construction Engineering Co., LTD, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bingyu Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
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Kariyawasam T, Helvig C, Petkovich M, Vriens B. Pharmaceutical removal from wastewater by introducing cytochrome P450s into microalgae. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14515. [PMID: 38925623 PMCID: PMC11197475 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are of increasing environmental concern as they emerge and accumulate in surface- and groundwater systems around the world, endangering the overall health of aquatic ecosystems. Municipal wastewater discharge is a significant vector for pharmaceuticals and their metabolites to enter surface waters as humans incompletely absorb prescription drugs and excrete up to 50% into wastewater, which are subsequently incompletely removed during wastewater treatment. Microalgae present a promising target for improving wastewater treatment due to their ability to remove some pollutants efficiently. However, their inherent metabolic pathways limit their capacity to degrade more recalcitrant organic compounds such as pharmaceuticals. The human liver employs enzymes to break down and absorb drugs, and these enzymes are extensively researched during drug development, meaning the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for metabolizing each approved drug are well studied. Thus, unlocking or increasing cytochrome P450 expression in endogenous wastewater microalgae could be a cost-effective strategy to reduce pharmaceutical loads in effluents. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with introducing cytochrome P450 enzymes into microalgae. We anticipate that cytochrome P450-engineered microalgae can serve as a new drug removal method and a sustainable solution that can upgrade wastewater treatment facilities to function as "mega livers".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamali Kariyawasam
- Department of Geological Sciences and EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Beaty Water Research CenterQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Christian Helvig
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Martin Petkovich
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | - Bas Vriens
- Department of Geological Sciences and EngineeringQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- Beaty Water Research CenterQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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Gupta A, Kumar S, Bajpai Y, Chaturvedi K, Johri P, Tiwari RK, Vivekanand V, Trivedi M. Pharmaceutically active micropollutants: origin, hazards and removal. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1339469. [PMID: 38419628 PMCID: PMC10901114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1339469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, recognized for their life-saving potential, have emerged as a concerning class of micropollutants in the environment. Even at minute concentrations, chronic exposure poses a significant threat to ecosystems. Various pharmaceutically active micropollutants (PhAMP), including antibiotics, analgesics, and hormones, have been detected in underground waters, surface waters, seawater, sewage treatment plants, soils, and activated sludges due to the absence of standardized regulations on pharmaceutical discharge. Prolonged exposureof hospital waste and sewage treatment facilities is linked to the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Conventional water treatment methods prove ineffective, prompting the use of alternative techniques like photolysis, reverse osmosis, UV-degradation, bio-degradation, and nano-filtration. However, commercial implementation faces challenges such as incomplete removal, toxic sludge generation, high costs, and the need for skilled personnel. Research gaps include the need to comprehensively identify and understand various types of pharmaceutically active micropollutants, investigate their long-term ecological impact, develop more sensitive monitoring techniques, and explore integrated treatment approaches. Additionally, there is a gap in understanding the socio-economic implications of pharmaceutical pollution and the efficacy of public awareness campaigns. Future research should delve into alternative strategies like phagotherapy, vaccines, and natural substance substitutes to address the escalating threat of pharmaceutical pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Gupta
- Flavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- J. Somaiya College of Science and Commerce, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Flavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yashi Bajpai
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Chaturvedi
- Flavin Labs Private Limited, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Johri
- Department of Biotechnology, AITH, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh K. Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - V. Vivekanand
- Department of Biotechnology, MNIT, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mala Trivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Fayaz T, Renuka N, Ratha SK. Antibiotic occurrence, environmental risks, and their removal from aquatic environments using microalgae: Advances and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140822. [PMID: 38042426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution has caused a continuous increase in the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments worldwide. Algae-based bioremediation technology is a promising eco-friendly means to remove antibiotics and highly resistant ARGs, and the generated biomass can be utilized to produce value-added products of industrial significance. This review discussed the prevalence of antibiotics and ARGs in aquatic environments and their environmental risks to non-target organisms. The potential of various microalgal species for antibiotic and ARG removal, their mechanisms, strategies for enhanced removal, and future directions were reviewed. Antibiotics can be degraded into non-toxic compounds in microalgal cells through the action of extracellular polymeric substances, glutathione-S-transferase, and cytochrome P450; however, antibiotic stress can alter microalgal gene expression and growth. This review also deciphered the effect of antibiotic stress on microalgal physiology, biomass production, and biochemical composition that can impact their commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tufail Fayaz
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nirmal Renuka
- Algal Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Sachitra Kumar Ratha
- Algology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, India
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Peer Muhamed Noorani KR, Flora G, Surendarnath S, Mary Stephy G, Amesho KTT, Chinglenthoiba C, Thajuddin N. Recent advances in remediation strategies for mitigating the impacts of emerging pollutants in water and ensuring environmental sustainability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 351:119674. [PMID: 38061098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of emerging pollutants (EPs), encompassing a range of substances such as phthalates, phenolics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, surfactants, and disinfection agents, has become a significant global concern due to their potential risks to the environment and human well-being. Over the past two decades, numerous research studies have investigated the presence of EPs in wastewater and aquatic ecosystems, with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) categorizing these newly introduced chemical compounds as emerging contaminants due to their poorly understood impact. EPs have been linked to adverse health effects in humans, including genotoxic and cytotoxic effects, as well as conditions such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive abnormalities, often associated with their estrogenic action. Microalgae have shown promise in the detoxification of both inorganic and organic contaminants, and several large-scale microalgal systems for wastewater treatment have been developed. However, the progress of algal bioremediation can be influenced by accidental contaminations and operational challenges encountered in pilot-scale research. Microalgae employ various processes, such as bioadsorption, biouptake, and biodegradation, to effectively remediate EPs. During microalgal biodegradation, complex chemical compounds are transformed into simpler substances through catalytic metabolic degradation. Integrating algal bioremediation with existing treatment methodologies offers a viable approach for efficiently eliminating EPs from wastewater. This review focuses on the use of algal-based biological remediation processes for wastewater treatment, the environmental impacts of EPs, and the challenges associated with implementing algal bioremediation systems to effectively remove emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalilur Rahman Peer Muhamed Noorani
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F), (Sponsored by DBT, Govt. of India), Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
| | - G Flora
- PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Surendarnath
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology (A), Vijayawada, 521 180, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Mary Stephy
- PG and Research Department of Botany, St. Mary's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kassian T T Amesho
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia; Destinies Biomass Energy and Farming Pty Ltd, P.O.Box 7387, Swakomund, Namibia
| | | | - Nooruddin Thajuddin
- National Repository for Microalgae and Cyanobacteria - Freshwater (NRMC-F), (Sponsored by DBT, Govt. of India), Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India; School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600048, India.
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Ghaffar I, Hussain A, Hasan A, Deepanraj B. Microalgal-induced remediation of wastewaters loaded with organic and inorganic pollutants: An overview. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 320:137921. [PMID: 36682632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recent surge in industrialization has intensified the accumulation of various types of organic and inorganic pollutants due to the illegal dumping of partially and/or untreated wastewater effluents in the environment. The pollutants emitted by several industries pose serious risk to the environment, animals and human beings. Management and diminution of these hazardous organic pollutants have become an incipient research interest. Traditional physiochemical methods are energy intensive and produce secondary pollutants. So, bioremediation via microalgae has appeared to be an eco-friendly and sustainable technique to curb the adverse effects of organic and inorganic contaminants because microalgae can degrade complex organic compounds and convert them into simpler and non-toxic substances without the release of secondary pollutants. Even some of the organic pollutants can be exploited by microalgae as a source of carbon in mixotrophic cultivation. Literature survey has revealed that use of the latest modification techniques for microalgae such as immobilization (on alginate, carrageena and agar), pigment-extraction, and pretreatment (with acids) have enhaced their bioremedial potential. Moreover, microalgal components i.e., biopolymers and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can potentially be exploited in the biosorption of pollutants. Though bioremediation of wastewaters by microalgae is quite well-studied realm but some aspects like structural and functional responses of microalgae toward pollutant derivatives/by-products (formed during biodegradation), use of genetic engineering to improve the tolerance of microalgae against higher concentrations of polluatans, and harvesting cost reduction, and monitoring of parameters at large-scale still need more focus. This review discusses the accumulation of different types of pollutants into the environment through various sources and the mechanisms used by microalgae to degrade commonly occurring organic and inorganic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imania Ghaffar
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hussain
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Hasan
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Balakrishnan Deepanraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
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Toxicity Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) on Two Green Microalgae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032446. [PMID: 36768770 PMCID: PMC9916455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have a high persistence in physicochemical and biological degradation; therefore, the accumulation of PFOS and PFOA can negatively affect aquatic organisms and human health. In this study, two microalgae species (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus) were exposed to different concentrations of a PFOS and PFOA mixture (0 to 10 mg L-1). With increases in the contact time (days) and the PFAS concentration (mg L-1) from 1 to 7, and 0.5 to 10, respectively, the cell viability, total chlorophyll content, and protein content decreased, and the decrease in these parameters was significantly greater in Scenedesmus obliquus. As another step in the study, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the toxicity effects of PFAS on microalgae in a logical way, as demonstrated by the high R2 (>0.9). In another stage, a molecular docking study was performed to monitor the interaction of PFOS and PFOA with the microalgae, considering hydrolysis and the enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions using individual enzymes. The analysis was conducted on carboxypeptidase in Chlorella vulgaris and on c-terminal processing protease and oxidized cytochrome c6 in Scenedesmus obliquus. For the enzyme activity, the affinity and dimensions of ligands-binding sites and ligand-binding energy were estimated in each case.
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Abdelfattah A, Ali SS, Ramadan H, El-Aswar EI, Eltawab R, Ho SH, Elsamahy T, Li S, El-Sheekh MM, Schagerl M, Kornaros M, Sun J. Microalgae-based wastewater treatment: Mechanisms, challenges, recent advances, and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 13:100205. [PMID: 36247722 PMCID: PMC9557874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of both the global economy and the human population has led to a shortage of water resources suitable for direct human consumption. As a result, water remediation will inexorably become the primary focus on a global scale. Microalgae can be grown in various types of wastewaters (WW). They have a high potential to remove contaminants from the effluents of industries and urban areas. This review focuses on recent advances on WW remediation through microalgae cultivation. Attention has already been paid to microalgae-based wastewater treatment (WWT) due to its low energy requirements, the strong ability of microalgae to thrive under diverse environmental conditions, and the potential to transform WW nutrients into high-value compounds. It turned out that microalgae-based WWT is an economical and sustainable solution. Moreover, different types of toxins are removed by microalgae through biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation processes. Examples are toxins from agricultural runoffs and textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents. Microalgae have the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide and make use of the micronutrients that are present in the effluents. This review paper highlights the application of microalgae in WW remediation and the remediation of diverse types of pollutants commonly present in WW through different mechanisms, simultaneous resource recovery, and efficient microalgae-based co-culturing systems along with bottlenecks and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Abdelfattah
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Sameh Samir Ali
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
- Corresponding author. Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Hassan Ramadan
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Eslam Ibrahim El-Aswar
- Central Laboratories for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), National Water Research Center (NWRC), El-Kanater, 13621, Qalyubiyah, Egypt
| | - Reham Eltawab
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Department of Public Works Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, 31511, Egypt
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tamer Elsamahy
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
| | | | - Michael Schagerl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 1 Karatheodori Str., University Campus, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Liang L, Bai X, Hua Z. Enhancement of the immobilization on microalgae protective effects and carbamazepine removal by Chlorella vulgaris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79567-79578. [PMID: 35715671 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) has drawn extensive attention due to their environmental threats. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate polymers to immobilize Chlorella vulgaris (FACHB-8) were used to investigate whether immobilization can facilitate microalgae to alleviate the CBZ stress and enhance CBZ removal. The results showed that after immobilized treatment, the biomass of microalgae increased by approximately 20%, the maximum level of malondialdehyde content decreased from 28 to 13 μmol/g, and the photosynthetic capacity of FV/FM recovered to 90% of the control group. The CBZ removal rate increased from 67 to 84% by immobilization at a CBZ concentration of 80 mg·L-1. The results indicated that immobilization technology can effectively protect microalgae from CBZ toxicity and improve the removal of CBZ, especially at high concentrations (> 50 mg/L). Biodegradation was the dominant pathway for microalgae to remove carbamazepine. This study added the understanding of the microalgae responses under immobilization and the interactions between immobilized microalgae and CBZ removal, thereby providing a novel insight into microalgae technology in high concentration wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang road 1#, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang road 1#, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zulin Hua
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang road 1#, Gulou District, Nanjing, 210098, China.
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Bhatt P, Bhandari G, Bhatt K, Simsek H. Microalgae-based removal of pollutants from wastewaters: Occurrence, toxicity and circular economy. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135576. [PMID: 35803375 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural and anthropogenic sources of water bodies are contaminated with diverse categories of pollutants such as antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, heavy metals, organic compounds, and other industrial chemicals. Depending on the type and the origin of the pollutants, the degree of contamination can be categorized into lower to higher concentrations. Therefore, the removal of hazardous chemicals from the environment is an important aspect. The physical, chemical and biological approaches have been developed and implemented to treat wastewaters. The microbial and algal treatment methods have emerged as a growing field due to their eco-friendly and sustainable approach. Particularly, microalgae emerged as a potential organism for the treatment of contaminated water bodies. The microalgae of the genera Chlorella, Anabaena, Ankistrodesmus, Aphanizomenon, Arthrospira, Botryococcus, Chlamydomonas, Chlorogloeopsis, Dunaliella, Haematococcus, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, Porphyridium, Synechococcus, Scenedesmus, and Spirulina reported for the wastewater treatment and biomass production. Microalgae have the potential for adsorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation. The microalgal strains can mitigate the hazardous chemicals via their diverse cellular mechanisms. Applications of the microalgae strains were found to be effective for sustainable developments and circular economy due to the production of biomass with the utilization of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248016, India
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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Chojnacka K, Skrzypczak D, Izydorczyk G, Mikula K, Szopa D, Moustakas K, Witek-Krowiak A. Biodegradation of pharmaceuticals in photobioreactors - a systematic literature review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4537-4556. [PMID: 35132911 PMCID: PMC8973657 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2036906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is a systematic review that reports state-of-the-art in removal of pharmaceuticals from water and wastewater by photosynthetic organisms in photobioreactors. The PRISMA protocol-based review of the most recent literature data from the last 10 years (2011–2021) was reported. Articles were searched by the combination of the following keywords: photobioreactor, pharmaceuticals, drugs, hormones, antibiotics, biodegradation, removal, wastewater treatment. The review focuses on original research papers (not reviews), collected in 3 scientific databases: Scopus, Web of Knowledge, PubMed. The review considered the following factors: type of microorganisms, type of micropollutants removed, degradation efficiency and associated products, types of photosynthetic organisms and photobioreactor types. The conclusion from the systematic review is that the main factors that limit widespread pharmaceuticals removal in photobioreactors are high costs and the problem of low efficiency related with low concentrations of pharmaceuticals. The review indicated a need for further research in this area due to increasing amounts of metabolites in the food chain, such as p-aminophenol and estrone, which can cause harm to people and ichthyofauna. Pharmaceuticals removal can be improved by adapting the type of microorganism used to the type of contamination and implementing photoperiods, which increase the removal efficiency of e.g. sulfamethazine by up to 28%. In the future, it is necessary to search for new solutions in terms of the construction of photobioreactors, as well as for more effective species in terms of pharmaceuticals biodegradation that can survive the competition with other strains during water and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Daniel Szopa
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
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Mojiri A, Zhou JL, Ratnaweera H, Rezania S, Nazari V M. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in aquatic environments and their removal by algae-based systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132580. [PMID: 34687686 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) has been widely increasing, yet up to 90-95% of PPCPs consumed by human are excreted unmetabolized. Moreover, the most of PPCPs cannot be fully removed by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), which release PPCPs to natural water bodies, affecting aquatic ecosystems and potentially humans. This study sought to review the occurrence of PPCPs in natural water bodies globally, and assess the effects of important factors on the fluxes of pollutants into receiving waterways. The highest ibuprofen concentration (3738 ng/L) in tap water was reported in Nigeria, and the highest naproxen concentration (37,700 ng/L) was reported in groundwater wells in Penn State, USA. Moreover, the PPCPs have affected aquatic organisms such as fish. For instance, up to 24.4 × 103 ng/g of atenolol was detected in P. lineatus. Amongst different technologies to eliminate PPCPs, algae-based systems are environmentally friendly and effective because of the photosynthetic ability of algae to absorb CO2 and their flexibility to grow in different wastewater. Up to 99% of triclosan and less than 10% of trimethoprim were removed by Nannochloris sp., green algae. Moreover, variable concentrations of PPCPs might adversely affect the growth and production of algae. The exposure of algae to high concentrations of PPCPs can reduce the content of chlorophyll and protein due to producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), and affecting expression of some genes in chlorophyll (rbcL, psbA, psaB and psbc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| | - John L Zhou
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Shahabaldin Rezania
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - Mansoureh Nazari V
- School of Pharmacy, University of 17 August 1945, Jakarta, 14350, Indonesia
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A Review on the Removal of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solution by Using Activated Carbon and Biochar. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ), one of the most used pharmaceuticals worldwide and a Contaminant of Emerging Concern, represents a potential risk for the environment and human health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are a significant source of CBZ to the environment, polluting the whole water cycle. In this review, the CBZ presence and fate in the urban water cycle are addressed, with a focus on adsorption as a possible solution for its removal. Specifically, the scientific literature on CBZ removal by activated carbon and its possible substitute Biochar, is comprehensively scanned and summed up, in view of increasing the circularity in water treatments. CBZ adsorption onto activated carbon and biochar is analyzed considering several aspects, such as physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbents, operational conditions of the adsorption processes and adsorption kinetics and isotherms models. WWTPs usually show almost no removal of CBZ (even negative), whereas removal is witnessed in drinking water treatment plants through advanced treatments (even >90%). Among these, adsorption is considered one of the preferable methods, being economical and easier to operate. Adsorption capacity of CBZ is influenced by the characteristics of the adsorbent precursors, pyrolysis temperature and modification or activation processes. Among operational conditions, pH shows low influence on the process, as CBZ has no charge in most pH ranges. Differently, increasing temperature and rotational speed favor the adsorption of CBZ. The presence of other micro-contaminants and organic matter decreases the CBZ adsorption due to competition effects. These results, however, concern mainly laboratory-scale studies, hence, full-scale investigations are recommended to take into account the complexity of the real conditions.
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Evaluating the Effects of Biochar with Farmyard Manure under Optimal Mineral Fertilizing on Tomato Growth, Soil Organic C and Biochemical Quality in a Low Fertility Soil. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendments are widely recognized to improve crop productivity and soil biogeochemical quality, however, their effects on vegetable crops are less studied. This pot study investigated the effects of cotton stick, corncob and rice straw biochars alone and with farmyard manure (FYM) on tomato growth, soil physico–chemical and biological characteristics, soil organic carbon (SOC) content and amount of soil nutrients under recommended mineral fertilizer conditions in a nutrient-depleted alkaline soil. Biochars were applied at 0, 1.5 and 3% (w/w, basis) rates and FYM was added at 0 and 30 t ha−1 rates. Biochars were developed at 450 °C pyrolysis temperature and varied in total organic C, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. The results showed that biochars, their amounts and FYM significantly improved tomato growth which varied strongly among the biochar types, amounts and FYM. With FYM, the addition of 3% corncob biochar resulted in the highest total chlorophyll contents (9.55 ug g−1), shoot (76.1 cm) and root lengths (44.7 cm), and biomass production. Biochars with and without FYM significantly increased soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The soil basal respiration increased with biochar for all biochars but not consistently after FYM addition. The water-extractable organic C (WEOC) and soil organic C (SOC) contents increased significantly with biochar amount and FYM, with the highest SOC found in the soil that received 3% corncob biochar with FYM. Microbial biomass C (MBC), N (MBN) and P (MBP) were the highest in corncob biochar treated soils followed by cotton stick and rice straw biochars. The addition of 3% biochars along with FYM also showed significant positive effects on soil mineral N, P and K contents. The addition of 3% corncob biochar with and without FYM always resulted in higher soil N, P and K contents at the 3% rate. The results further revealed that the positive effects of biochars on above-ground plant responses were primarily due to the improvements in below-ground soil properties, nutrients’ availability and SOC; however, these effects varied strongly between biochar types. Our study concludes that various biochars can enhance tomato production, soil biochemical quality and SOC in nutrient poor soil under greenhouse conditions. However, we emphasize that these findings need further investigations using long-term studies before adopting biochar for sustainable vegetable production systems.
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Mojiri A, Baharlooeian M, Zahed MA. The Potential of Chaetoceros muelleri in Bioremediation of Antibiotics: Performance and Optimization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030977. [PMID: 33499398 PMCID: PMC7908223 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are frequently applied to treat bacterial infections in humans and animals. However, most consumed antibiotics are excreted into wastewater as metabolites or in their original form. Therefore, removal of antibiotics from aquatic environments is of high research interest. In this study, we investigated the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ofloxacin (OFX) with Chaetoceros muelleri, a marine diatom. The optimization process was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) with two independent parameters, i.e., the initial concentration of antibiotics and contact time. The optimum removal of SMX and OFX were 39.8% (0.19 mg L−1) and 42.5% (0.21 mg L−1) at the initial concentration (0.5 mg L−1) and contact time (6.3 days). Apart from that, the toxicity effect of antibiotics on the diatom was monitored in different SMX and OFX concentrations (0 to 50 mg L−1). The protein (mg L−1) and carotenoid (μg L−1) content increased when the antibiotic concentration increased up to 20 mg L−1, while cell viability was not significantly affected up to 20 mg L−1 of antibiotic concentration. Protein content, carotenoid, and cell viability decreased during high antibiotic concentrations (more than 20 to 30 mg L−1). This study revealed that the use of Chaetoceros muelleri is an appealing solution to remove certain antibiotics from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Mojiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Maedeh Baharlooeian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr 64199-34619, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Zahed
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran;
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