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Putralis R, Korotkaja K, Kaukulis M, Rudevica Z, Jansons J, Nilova O, Rucins M, Krasnova L, Domracheva I, Plotniece M, Pajuste K, Sobolev A, Rumnieks F, Bekere L, Zajakina A, Plotniece A, Duburs G. Styrylpyridinium Derivatives for Fluorescent Cell Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1245. [PMID: 37765053 PMCID: PMC10535741 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of styrylpyridinium (SP) compounds was synthesised in order to study their spectroscopic and cell labelling properties. The compounds comprised different electron donating parts (julolidine, p-dimethylaminophenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl), conjugated linkers (vinyl, divinyl), and an electron-withdrawing N-alkylpyridinium part. Geminal or bis-compounds incorporating two styrylpyridinium (bis-SP) moieties at the 1,3-trimethylene unit were synthesised. Compounds comprising a divinyl linker and powerful electron-donating julolidine donor parts possessed intensive fluorescence in the near-infrared region (maximum at ~760 nm). The compounds had rather high cytotoxicity towards the cancerous cell lines HT-1080 and MH-22A; at the same time, basal cytotoxicity towards the NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line ranged from toxic to harmful. SP compound 6e had IC50 values of 1.0 ± 0.03 µg/mL to the cell line HT-1080 and 0.4 µg/mL to MH-22A; however, the basal toxicity LD50 was 477 mg/kg (harmful). The compounds showed large Stokes' shifts, including 195 nm for 6a,b, 240 nm for 6e, and 325 and 352 nm for 6d and 6c, respectively. The highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) values were observed for 6a,b, which were 15.1 and 12.2%, respectively. The PLQY values for the SP derivatives 6d,e (those with a julolidinyl moiety) were 0.5 and 0.7%, respectively. Cell staining with compound 6e revealed a strong fluorescent signal localised in the cell cytoplasm, whereas the cell nuclei were not stained. SP compound 6e possessed self-assembling properties and formed liposomes with an average diameter of 118 nm. The obtained novel data on near-infrared fluorescent probes could be useful for the development of biocompatible dyes for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinis Putralis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Ksenija Korotkaja
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Martins Kaukulis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Zhanna Rudevica
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Juris Jansons
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Olga Nilova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Laura Krasnova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ilona Domracheva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Mara Plotniece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Felikss Rumnieks
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Laura Bekere
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Anna Zajakina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia; (K.K.); (Z.R.); (J.J.); (O.N.); (F.R.); (A.Z.)
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (R.P.); (M.K.); (M.R.); (L.K.); (I.D.); (K.P.); (A.S.); (L.B.)
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1,1′-{[3,5-Bis(dodecyloxycarbonyl)-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis{4-[(E)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl]pyridin-1-ium}dibromide. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of a double-charged cationic amphiphilic 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative with dodecyl ester groups at positions 3 and 5 of the 1,4-DHP ring was performed starting from Hantzsch type cyclization of dodecyl acetoacetate, 2-naphthaldehyde and ammonium acetate. Bromination of this compound followed by nucleophilic substitution of bromine with (E)-4-(2-(naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl)pyridine gave the desired cationic amphiphilic 1,1′-{[3,5-bis(dodecyloxycarbonyl)-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis{4-[(E)-2-(naphthalen-2-yl)vinyl]pyridin-1-ium}dibromide. The obtained target compound was fully characterized by IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HRMS and microanalysis. The characterization of the cationic 1,4-DHP nanoparticles in an aqueous solution was performed by DLS measurements. The obtained results showed that the compound formed nanoparticles with an average diameter of around 300 nm, a PDI value of around 490 and a zeta-potential of around 20 mV for freshly prepared samples. However, after one week of storage at room temperature, an aggregation of nanoparticles was detected.
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Dhasarathan P, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Subbiah J, Ranjitsingh AJA, Binsalah M, Alfuraydi AA. Drug resistance in Candida albicans isolates and related changes in the structural domain of Mdr1 protein. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1848-1853. [PMID: 34794907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing azole drug resistance in fungal pathogens poses a pressing threat to global health care. The coexistence of drug-resistant Candida albicans with tuberculosis patients and the failure of several drugs to treat C. albicans infection extend hospital stay, economic burden, and death. The misuse or abuse of azole-derived antifungals, chronic use of TB drugs, different immune-suppressive drugs, and diseases like HIV, COVID-19, etc., have aggravated the situation. So it is vital to understand the molecular changes in drug-resistant genes to modify the treatment to design an alternative mechanism. METHOD C. albicans isolated from chronic tuberculosis patients were screened for antifungal sensitivity studies using disk diffusion assay. The multidrug-resistant C. albicans were further screened for molecular-level changes in drug resistance using MDR1 gene sequencing and compared with Gen bank data of similar species using the BLAST tool. RESULTS The investigation proved that the isolated C. albicans from TB patients are significantly resistant to the action of six drugs. The molecular changes in MDR1 genes showed differences in seven nucleotide base pairs that interfered with the efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dhasarathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Thiruvallur 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeeva Subbiah
- Department Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - A J A Ranjitsingh
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Thiruvallur 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammed Binsalah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram A Alfuraydi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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