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Karthikeyan R, Agri H, Yadav A, Jayakumar V, Kiranmayee B, Karikalan M, Chandra M, Lyngdoh V, Ghatak S, Sinha DK, Singh BR. A study on the occurrence of Burkholderia cepacia complex in ultrasound gels used in different veterinary clinical settings in India. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1413-1425. [PMID: 36914918 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) organisms are emerging multidrug-resistant pathogens. They are opportunistic and cause severe diseases in humans that may result in fatal outcomes. They are mainly reported as nosocomial pathogens, and transmission often occurs through contaminated pharmaceutical products. From 1993 to 2019, 14 Bcc outbreaks caused by contaminated ultrasound gels (USGs) have been reported in several countries, including India. We screened a total of 63 samples of USGs from various veterinary and human clinical care centers across 17 states of India and isolated 32 Bcc strains of Burkholderia cenocepacia (46.8%), B. cepacia (31.3%), B. pseudomultivorans (18.8%) and B. contaminans (3.1%) species. Some isolates were co-existent in a single ultrasound gel sample. The isolation from unopened gel bottles revealed the intrinsic contamination from manufacturing sites. The MALDI-TOF analysis to identify the Bcc at the species level was supported by the partial sequencing of the recA gene for accurate species identification. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates shared clades with human clinical isolates, which is an important situation because of the possible infections of Bcc by USGs both in humans and animals. The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified the genetic variation among the Bcc isolates present in the USGs. The findings indicated USGs as the potential source of Bcc species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Karthikeyan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himani Agri
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Akanksha Yadav
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Jayakumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhimavarapu Kiranmayee
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mathesh Karikalan
- Center for wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mudit Chandra
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vanita Lyngdoh
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Sandeep Ghatak
- Division of Animal and Fisheries Sciences, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India
| | - Dharmendra K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhoj R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Daddy Gaoh S, Kweon O, Ahn Y. Propidium Monoazide (PMAxx)-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Exo (RPA Exo) Assay for Rapid Detection of Burkholderia cepacia Complex in Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) and Benzalkonium Chloride (BZK) Solutions. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1401. [PMID: 37374904 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both sterile and non-sterile pharmaceutical products, which include antiseptics, have been recalled due to Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) contamination. Therefore, minimizing the frequency of outbreaks may be conducive to the development of a quick and sensitive approach that can distinguish between live and dead loads of BCC. We have assessed an exo probe-based recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with 10 µM propidium monoazide (PMAxx) for selective detection of live/dead BCC cells in various concentrations of antiseptics (i.e., chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and benzalkonium chloride (BZK) solutions) after 24 h. The optimized assay conducted using a set of primer-probes targeting gbpT was performed at 40 °C for 20 min and shows a detection limit of 10 pg/µL of genomic DNA from B. cenocepacia J2315, equivalent to 104 colony-forming units (CFU/mL). The specificity of a newly designed primer and probe was 80% (20 negatives out of 25). The readings for total cells (i.e., without PMAxx) from 200 µg/mL CHX using PMAxx-RPA exo assay was 310 relative fluorescence units (RFU), compared to 129 RFU with PMAxx (i.e., live cells). Furthermore, in 50-500 µg/mL BZK-treated cells, a difference in the detection rate was observed between the PMAxx-RPA exo assay in live cells (130.4-459.3 RFU) and total cells (207.82-684.5 RFU). This study shows that the PMAxx-RPA exo assay appears to be a valid tool for the simple, rapid and presumptive detection of live BCC cells in antiseptics, thereby ensuring the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumana Daddy Gaoh
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Ohgew Kweon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Youngbeom Ahn
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
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Flores-Vega VR, Lara-Zavala BA, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Vargas-Roldán SY, Ares MA, de la Cruz MA, Morfín-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Santos-Preciado JI, Rosales-Reyes R. Burkholderia vietnamiensis causing infections in noncystic fibrosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115866. [PMID: 36525921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment and often infect people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aims to determine which genomovars of the Bcc can cause infections in non-CF patients from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico and if they carry virulence factors that could increase their pathogenicity. We identified 23 clinical isolates that carry the recA gene. Twenty-two of them belongs to the genomovar V (B. vietnamiensis) and one to the genomovar II (B. multivorans). Thirteen pulsotypes were identified among 22 B. vietnamiensis isolates. All clinical isolates produced biofilm were motile and cytotoxic on murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 and in A549 human lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, B. vietnamiensis causes infections in non-CF patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico, rapid identification of this pathogen can help physicians to establish a better antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Roxana Flores-Vega
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Alejandra Lara-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvia Yalid Vargas-Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A de la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Jaskiw GE, Xu D, Obrenovich ME, Donskey CJ. Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:8. [PMID: 34989922 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small molecules generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself. OBJECTIVE Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small molecules that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for metabolomic studies of the primate CNS [brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and then selected for phenolic or indolic metabolites that (i) had been quantified, (ii) were GMB-dependent. For each chemical we then conducted a search for studies of bioactivity conducted in vitro in human cells of any kind or in CNS cells from the mouse or rat. RESULTS 36 metabolites of interests were identified in primate CNS through targeted metabolomics. Quantification was available for 31/36 and in vitro bioactivity for 23/36. The reported CNS range for 8 metabolites 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid [caffeic acid], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid [N-acetyltryptophan], 1H-indol-3-yl hydrogen sulfate [indoxyl-3-sulfate] overlapped with a bioactive concentration. However, the number and quality of relevant studies of CNS neurochemistry as well as of bioactivity were highly limited. Structural isomers, multiple metabolites and potential confounders were inadequately considered. CONCLUSION The potential direct bioactivity of GMB-derived indolic and phenolic molecules on primate CNS remains largely unknown. The field requires additional strategies to identify and prioritize screening of the most promising small molecules that enter the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Jaskiw
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Obrenovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
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