1
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Hernández-Martínez G, Ares MA, Rosales-Reyes R, Soria-Bustos J, Yañez-Santos JA, Cedillo ML, Girón JA, Martínez-Laguna Y, Leng F, Ibarra JA, De la Cruz MA. The nucleoid protein HU positively regulates the expression of type VI secretion systems in Enterobacter cloacae. mSphere 2024:e0006024. [PMID: 38647313 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00060-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterobacter cloacae is an emerging pathogen isolated in healthcare-associated infections. A major virulence factor of this bacterium is the type VI secretion system (T6SS). The genome of E. cloacae harbors two T6SS gene clusters (T6SS-1 and T6SS-2), and the functional characterization of both systems showed that these two T6SSs are not expressed under the same conditions. Here, we report that the major histone-like protein HU positively regulates the expression of both T6SSs and, therefore, the function that each T6SS exerts in E. cloacae. Single deletions of the genes encoding the HU subunits (hupA and hupB) decreased mRNA levels of both T6SS. In contrast, the hupA hupB double mutant dramatically affected the T6SS expression, diminishing its transcription. The direct binding of HU to the promoter regions of T6SS-1 and T6SS-2 was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In addition, single and double mutations in the hup genes affected the ability of inter-bacterial killing, biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells, and intestinal colonization, but these phenotypes were restored when such mutants were trans-complemented. Our data broaden our understanding of the regulation of HU-mediated T6SS in these pathogenic bacteria. IMPORTANCE T6SS is a nanomachine that functions as a weapon of bacterial destruction crucial for successful colonization in a specific niche. Enterobacter cloacae expresses two T6SSs required for bacterial competition, adherence, biofilm formation, and intestinal colonization. Expression of T6SS genes in pathogenic bacteria is controlled by multiple regulatory systems, including two-component systems, global regulators, and nucleoid proteins. Here, we reported that the HU nucleoid protein directly activates both T6SSs in E. cloacae, affecting the T6SS-related phenotypes. Our data describe HU as a new regulator involved in the transcriptional regulation of T6SS and its impact on E. cloacae pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hernández-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Pathogen and Microbiome Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) North, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | | | - María L Cedillo
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ygnacio Martínez-Laguna
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Fenfei Leng
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - J Antonio Ibarra
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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2
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Flores-Vega VR, Lara-Zavala BA, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Vargas-Roldán SY, Ares MA, de la Cruz MA, Morfín-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Santos-Preciado JI, Rosales-Reyes R. Burkholderia vietnamiensis causing infections in noncystic fibrosis patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 105:115866. [PMID: 36525921 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) species are opportunistic pathogens widely distributed in the environment and often infect people with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aims to determine which genomovars of the Bcc can cause infections in non-CF patients from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico and if they carry virulence factors that could increase their pathogenicity. We identified 23 clinical isolates that carry the recA gene. Twenty-two of them belongs to the genomovar V (B. vietnamiensis) and one to the genomovar II (B. multivorans). Thirteen pulsotypes were identified among 22 B. vietnamiensis isolates. All clinical isolates produced biofilm were motile and cytotoxic on murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 and in A549 human lung epithelial cells. In conclusion, B. vietnamiensis causes infections in non-CF patients in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico, rapid identification of this pathogen can help physicians to establish a better antimicrobial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Roxana Flores-Vega
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice Alejandra Lara-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Silvia Yalid Vargas-Roldán
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A de la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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León-Montes N, Nava-Galeana J, Rodríguez-Valverde D, Soria-Bustos J, Rosales-Reyes R, Rivera-Gutiérrez S, Hirakawa H, Ares MA, Bustamante VH, De la Cruz MA. The Two-Component System CpxRA Represses Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 by Directly Acting on the ssrAB Regulatory Operon. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0271022. [PMID: 36073960 PMCID: PMC9603713 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02710-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI-2) conferred on Salmonella the ability to survive and replicate within host cells. The ssrAB bicistronic operon, located in SPI-2, encodes the SsrAB two-component system (TCS), which is the central positive regulator that induces the expression of SPI-2 genes as well as other genes located outside this island. On the other hand, CpxRA is a two-component system that regulates expression of virulence genes in many bacteria in response to different stimuli that perturb the cell envelope. We previously reported that the CpxRA system represses the expression of SPI-1 and SPI-2 genes under SPI-1-inducing conditions by decreasing the stability of the SPI-1 regulator HilD. Here, we show that under SPI-2-inducing conditions, which mimic the intracellular environment, CpxRA represses the expression of SPI-2 genes by the direct action of phosphorylated CpxR (CpxR-P) on the ssrAB regulatory operon. CpxR-P recognized two sites located proximal and distal from the promoter located upstream of ssrA. Consistently, we found that CpxRA reduces the replication of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium inside murine macrophages. Therefore, our results reveal CpxRA as an additional regulator involved in the intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella, which in turn adds a new layer to the intricate regulatory network controlling the expression of Salmonella virulence genes. IMPORTANCE SPI-2 encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) that is a hallmark for the species Salmonella enterica, which is essential for the survival and replication within macrophages. Expression of SPI-2 genes is positively controlled by the two-component system SsrAB. Here, we determined a regulatory mechanism involved in controlling the overgrowth of Salmonella inside macrophages. In this mechanism, CpxRA, a two-component system that is activated by extracytoplasmic stress, directly represses expression of the ssrAB regulatory operon; as a consequence, expression of SsrAB target genes is decreased. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism involved in the intracellular lifestyle of Salmonella, which is expected to sense perturbations in the bacterial envelope that Salmonella faces inside host cells, as the synthesis of the T3SS-2 itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy León-Montes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Nava-Galeana
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Valverde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hidetada Hirakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor H. Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Rosales-Reyes R, Flores-Vega VR, Lezana-Fernández JL, Santos-Preciado JI. Significance of Molecular Identification of Genomic Variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Children with Cystic Fibrosis in Mexico. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:641-642. [PMID: 36123225 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant cause of lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Pseudomonas produces a chronic infection that increases the morbidity and mortality in affected individuals. The rapid identification of Pseudomonas in these individuals enables conventional antimicrobial treatment to be started. However, over the years, treatment of P. aeruginosa has become problematic and very challenging due to their intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Microbiology plays an essential role in determining the antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance profiles of isolated strains, helping to optimize antimicrobial treatment for affected patients. In addition to the conventional susceptibility analysis, whole genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful tool for determining specific genomic variants, both in specific geographic areas and globally. Thus, molecular epidemiologic surveillance could help to establish a better treatment strategy and counter the spread of high-risk, P. aeruginosa variants among CF individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Verónica Roxana Flores-Vega
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Pulmonar, Clínica de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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5
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Vargas-Roldán SY, Lezana-Fernández JL, Cerna-Cortés JF, Partida-Sánchez S, Santos-Preciado JI, Rosales-Reyes R. Fibrosis quística: patogenia bacteriana y moduladores del CFTR (regulador de conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística). BMHIM 2022; 79:215-221. [DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.21000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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6
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Rosales-Reyes R, Lezana-Fernández JL, Sánchez-Lozano JY, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Lara-Zavala BA, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Lincopan N, de la Cruz MA, Lascurain R, Santos-Preciado JI. Cytotoxic activity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a cohort of Mexican children with cystic fibrosis. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2022; 79:115-122. [PMID: 35073628 DOI: 10.24875/bmhim.21000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which thick, sticky mucus is produced in the lungs (and other organs) that impairs ciliary clearance, leading to respiratory problems, increased chronic bacterial infections, and decreased lung function. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the primary bacterial pathogens colonizing the lungs of CF patients. This study aimed to characterize the genetic relatedness of S. aureus, its presence in children with CF, and its cytotoxic activity in THP1 cell-derived macrophages (THP1m). Methods Genetic relatedness of S. aureus isolates from a cohort of 50 children with CF was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The VITEK 2 automated system was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility, and methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) was determined by diffusion testing using cefoxitin disk. The presence of mecA and lukPV genes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction and cytotoxic activity of S.aureus on THP1m by CytoTox 96® assay. Results From 51 S. aureus isolates from 50 children with CF, we identified 34pulsotypes by PFGE. Of the 50 children, 12 (24%) were colonized by more than one pulsotype, and 5/34 identified pulsotypes(14.7%) were shared between unrelated children. In addition, 3/34 pulsotypes (8.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and2/34 (5.9%) were MRSA. Notably, 30/34 pulsotypes (88.2%) exhibited cytotoxicity on THP1m cells and 14/34 (41.2%) alteredTHP1m monolayers. No isolate carried the lukPV gene. Conclusions Although a low frequency of MRSA and MDR wasfound among clinical isolates, most of the S. aureus pulsotypes identified were cytotoxic on THP1m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Pulmonar, Clínica de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joselin Y Sánchez-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Catalina Gayosso-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Berenice A Lara-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María D Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miguel A de la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José I Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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7
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Flores-Vega VR, Vargas-Roldán SY, Lezana-Fernández JL, Lascurain R, Santos-Preciado JI, Rosales-Reyes R. Bacterial Subversion of Autophagy in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:760922. [PMID: 34692569 PMCID: PMC8531276 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.760922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease affecting more than 70,000 people worldwide. It is caused by a mutation in the cftr gene, a chloride ion transporter localized in the plasma membrane of lung epithelial cells and other organs. The loss of CFTR function alters chloride, bicarbonate, and water transport through the plasma membrane, promoting the production of a thick and sticky mucus in which bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia can produce chronic infections that eventually decrease the lung function and increase the risk of mortality. Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that mediates pathogen clearance and plays an important role in the control of bacterial infections. In this mini-review, we describe the principal strategies used by P. aeruginosa and B. cenocepacia to survive and avoid microbicidal mechanisms within the autophagic pathway leading to the establishment of chronic inflammatory immune responses that gradually compromise the lung function and the life of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Roxana Flores-Vega
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Yalid Vargas-Roldán
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Respiratoria y la Clínica de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.,Dirección Médica, Asociación Mexicana de Fibrosis Quística, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Villagomez FR, Diaz-Valencia JD, Ovalle-García E, Antillón A, Ortega-Blake I, Romero-Ramírez H, Cerna-Cortes JF, Rosales-Reyes R, Santos-Argumedo L, Patiño-López G. TBC1D10C is a cytoskeletal functional linker that modulates cell spreading and phagocytosis in macrophages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20946. [PMID: 34686741 PMCID: PMC8536695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00450-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell spreading and phagocytosis are notably regulated by small GTPases and GAP proteins. TBC1D10C is a dual inhibitory protein with GAP activity. In immune cells, TBC1D10C is one of the elements regulating lymphocyte activation. However, its specific role in macrophages remains unknown. Here, we show that TBC1D10C engages in functions dependent on the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane reorganization. Using ex vivo and in vitro assays, we found that elimination and overexpression of TBC1D10C modified the cytoskeletal architecture of macrophages by decreasing and increasing the spreading ability of these cells, respectively. In addition, TBC1D10C overexpression contributed to higher phagocytic activity against Burkholderia cenocepacia and to increased cell membrane tension. Furthermore, by performing in vitro and in silico analyses, we identified 27 TBC1D10C-interacting proteins, some of which were functionally classified as protein complexes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. Interestingly, we identified one unreported TBC1D10C-intrinsically disordered region (IDR) with biological potential at the cytoskeleton level. Our results demonstrate that TBC1D10C shapes macrophage activity by inducing reorganization of the cytoskeleton-plasma membrane in cell spreading and phagocytosis. We anticipate our results will be the basis for further studies focused on TBC1D10C. For example, the specific molecular mechanism in Burkholderia cenocepacia phagocytosis and functional analysis of TBC1D10C-IDR are needed to further understand its role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan D Diaz-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erasmo Ovalle-García
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Armando Antillón
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Iván Ortega-Blake
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - Jorge F Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínica, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad De México, Mexico
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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9
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Rodríguez-Valverde D, León-Montes N, Soria-Bustos J, Martínez-Cruz J, González-Ugalde R, Rivera-Gutiérrez S, González-y-Merchand JA, Rosales-Reyes R, García-Morales L, Hirakawa H, Fox JG, Girón JA, De la Cruz MA, Ares MA. cAMP Receptor Protein Positively Regulates the Expression of Genes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Klebsiella oxytoca Tilivalline Cytotoxin. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:743594. [PMID: 34659176 PMCID: PMC8515920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.743594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca is a resident of the human gut. However, certain K. oxytoca toxigenic strains exist that secrete the nonribosomal peptide tilivalline (TV) cytotoxin. TV is a pyrrolobenzodiazepine that causes antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC). The biosynthesis of TV is driven by enzymes encoded by the aroX and NRPS operons. In this study, we determined the effect of environmental signals such as carbon sources, osmolarity, and divalent cations on the transcription of both TV biosynthetic operons. Gene expression was enhanced when bacteria were cultivated in tryptone lactose broth. Glucose, high osmolarity, and depletion of calcium and magnesium diminished gene expression, whereas glycerol increased transcription of both TV biosynthetic operons. The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) is a major transcriptional regulator in bacteria that plays a key role in metabolic regulation. To investigate the role of CRP on the cytotoxicity of K. oxytoca, we compared levels of expression of TV biosynthetic operons and synthesis of TV in wild-type strain MIT 09-7231 and a Δcrp isogenic mutant. In summary, we found that CRP directly activates the transcription of the aroX and NRPS operons and that the absence of CRP reduced cytotoxicity of K. oxytoca on HeLa cells, due to a significant reduction in TV production. This study highlights the importance of the CRP protein in the regulation of virulence genes in enteric bacteria and broadens our knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of the TV cytotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rodríguez-Valverde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy León-Montes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Soria-Bustos
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jessica Martínez-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo González-Ugalde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rivera-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. González-y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lázaro García-Morales
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Hidetada Hirakawa
- Department of Bacteriology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jorge A. Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Flores-Valdez M, Ares MA, Rosales-Reyes R, Torres J, Girón JA, Weimer BC, Mendez-Tenorio A, De la Cruz MA. Whole Genome Sequencing of Pediatric Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Reveals Important Insights Into Their Virulence-Associated Traits. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711577. [PMID: 34489901 PMCID: PMC8418058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is recognized as a common cause of nosocomial infections and outbreaks causing pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections. This opportunistic bacterium shows an increasing acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes, which complicates treatment of infections. Hence, fast reliable strain typing methods are paramount for the study of this opportunistic pathogen’s multi-drug resistance genetic profiles. In this study, thirty-eight strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from the blood of pediatric patients were characterized by whole-genome sequencing and genomic clustering methods. Genes encoding β-lactamase were found in all the bacterial isolates, among which the blaSHV variant was the most prevalent (53%). Moreover, genes encoding virulence factors such as fimbriae, capsule, outer membrane proteins, T4SS and siderophores were investigated. Additionally, a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) analysis revealed 24 distinct sequence types identified within the isolates, among which the most frequently represented were ST76 (16%) and ST70 (11%). Based on LPS structure, serotypes O1 and O3 were the most prevalent, accounting for approximately 63% of all infections. The virulence capsular types K10, K136, and K2 were present in 16, 13, and 8% of the isolates, respectively. Phylogenomic analysis based on virtual genome fingerprints correlated with the MLST data. The phylogenomic reconstruction also denoted association between strains with a higher abundance of virulence genes and virulent serotypes compared to strains that do not possess these traits. This study highlights the value of whole-genomic sequencing in the surveillance of virulence attributes among clinical K. pneumoniae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Flores-Valdez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Escuela Nacional De Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alfonso Mendez-Tenorio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Bioinformática Genómica, Escuela Nacional De Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Rosales-Reyes R, Esposito F, Fontana H, Lezana-Fernández JL, Lascurain R, De la Cruz MA, Fuga B, Lincopan N, Santos-Preciado JI. Emergence of GES-19-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoU+ belonging to the global high-risk clone ST235 in cystic fibrosis infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115454. [PMID: 34271235 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of high-risk clones of priority pathogens exhibiting convergence of antimicrobial resistance and virulence is a critical issue worldwide. In a previous study, an extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from a chronically colonized pediatric patient with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we analyzed genomic data of this strain (CF023-Psa42), extracting clinically and epidemiologically relevant information (i.e., the antimicrobial resistome, virulome, and sequence type). In this regard, we report the emergence of GES-19 (extended-spectrum β-lactamase)-producing P. aeruginosa with genotype exoU+. The CF023-Psa42 strain exhibited a broad resistome, belonging to the international high-risk clone sequence type ST235. The blaGES-19 gene was located on a class 1 integron, along to aac(6')-33, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-2, aadA1, sul1, and qacEΔ1 resistance genes. Relevant virulence genes such as lasA (proteolysis and elastolysis), toxA (exotoxin A), alg (alginate biosynthesis operon), and exoU (toxin of type III secretion systems) were predicted. Our findings reveal the convergence of broad resistome and virulome in P. aeruginosa ST235. Genomic surveillance is essential to monitor the emergence and dissemination of priority pathogens with epidemiological success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herrison Fontana
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luis Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Pulmonar, Clínica de Fibrosis Quistica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Lascurain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Pérez-Morales D, Nava-Galeana J, Rosales-Reyes R, Teehan P, Yakhnin H, Melchy-Pérez EI, Rosenstein Y, De la Cruz MA, Babitzke P, Bustamante VH. An incoherent feedforward loop formed by SirA/BarA, HilE and HilD is involved in controlling the growth cost of virulence factor expression by Salmonella Typhimurium. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009630. [PMID: 34048498 PMCID: PMC8192010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An intricate regulatory network controls the expression of Salmonella virulence genes. The transcriptional regulator HilD plays a central role in this network by controlling the expression of tens of genes mainly required for intestinal colonization. Accordingly, the expression/activity of HilD is highly regulated by multiple factors, such as the SirA/BarA two-component system and the Hcp-like protein HilE. SirA/BarA positively regulates translation of hilD mRNA through a regulatory cascade involving the small RNAs CsrB and CsrC, and the RNA-binding protein CsrA, whereas HilE inhibits HilD activity by protein-protein interaction. In this study, we show that SirA/BarA also positively regulates translation of hilE mRNA through the same mentioned regulatory cascade. Thus, our results reveal a paradoxical regulation exerted by SirA/BarA-Csr on HilD, which involves simultaneous opposite effects, direct positive control and indirect negative control through HilE. This kind of regulation is called an incoherent type-1 feedforward loop (I1-FFL), which is a motif present in certain regulatory networks and represents a complex biological problem to decipher. Interestingly, our results, together with those from a previous study, indicate that HilE, the repressor component of the I1-FFL reported here (I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilD), is required to reduce the growth cost imposed by the expression of the genes regulated by HilD. Moreover, we and others found that HilE is necessary for successful intestinal colonization by Salmonella. Thus, these findings support that I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilD cooperates to control the precise amount and activity of HilD, for an appropriate balance between the growth cost and the virulence benefit generated by the expression of the genes induced by this regulator. I1-FFLSirA/BarA-HilE-HilD represents a complex regulatory I1-FFL that involves multiple regulators acting at distinct levels of gene expression, as well as showing different connections to the rest of the regulatory network governing Salmonella virulence. To infect the intestine of a broad range of hosts, including humans, Salmonella is required to express a large number of genes encoding different cellular functions, which imposes a growth penalty. Thus, Salmonella has developed complex regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of virulence genes. Here we identified a novel and sophisticated regulatory mechanism that is involved in the fine-tuned control of the expression level and activity of the transcriptional regulator HilD, for the appropriate balance between the growth cost and the virulence benefit generated by the expression of tens of Salmonella genes. This mechanism forms an incoherent type-1 feedforward loop (I1-FFL), which involves paradoxical regulation; that is, a regulatory factor exerting simultaneous opposite control (positive and negative) on another factor. I1-FFLs are present in regulatory networks of diverse organisms, from bacteria to humans, and represent a complex biological problem to decipher. Interestingly, the I1-FFL reported here is integrated by ancestral regulators and by regulators that Salmonella has acquired during evolution. Thus, our findings reveal a novel I1-FFL of bacteria, which is involved in virulence. Moreover, our results illustrate the integration of ancestral and acquired factors into a regulatory motif, which can lead to the expansion of regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyanira Pérez-Morales
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jessica Nava-Galeana
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paige Teehan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Helen Yakhnin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erika I. Melchy-Pérez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Miguel A. De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Paul Babitzke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Víctor H. Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
- * E-mail:
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13
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Rosales-Reyes R, Garza-Villafuerte P, Vences-Vences D, Aubert DF, Aca-Teutle R, Ortiz-Navarrete VF, Bonifaz LC, Carrero-Sánchez JC, Olivos-García A, Valvano MA, Santos-Preciado JI. Interferon-gamma-activated macrophages infected with Burkholderia cenocepacia process and present bacterial antigens to T-cells by class I and II major histocompatibility complex molecules. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2000-2012. [PMID: 32873215 PMCID: PMC7534305 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1818632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an emerging opportunistic pathogen for people with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. Intracellular survival in macrophages within a membrane-bound vacuole (BcCV) that delays acidification and maturation into lysosomes is a hallmark of B. cenocepacia infection. Intracellular B. cenocepacia induce an inflammatory response leading to macrophage cell death by pyroptosis through the secretion of a bacterial deamidase that results in the activation of the pyrin inflammasome. However, how or whether infected macrophages can process and present B. cenocepacia antigens to activate T-cells has not been explored. Engulfed bacterial protein antigens are cleaved into small peptides in the late endosomal major histocompatibility class II complex (MHC) compartment (MIIC). Here, we demonstrate that BcCVs and MIICs have overlapping features and that interferon-gamma-activated macrophages infected with B. cenocepacia can process bacterial antigens for presentation by class II MHC molecules to CD4+ T-cells and by class I MHC molecules to CD8+ T-cells. Infected macrophages also release processed bacterial peptides into the extracellular medium, stabilizing empty class I MHC molecules of bystander cells. Together, we conclude that BcCVs acquire MIIC characteristics, supporting the notion that macrophages infected with B. cenocepacia contribute to establishing an adaptive immune response against the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Paola Garza-Villafuerte
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Daniela Vences-Vences
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Daniel F Aubert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Rubi Aca-Teutle
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Vianney F Ortiz-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, México
| | - Laura C Bonifaz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfonso Olivos-García
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
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14
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Rosales-Reyes R, Vargas-Roldán SY, Lezana-Fernández JL, Santos-Preciado JI. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa: Genetic Adaptation, A Strategy for its Persistence in Cystic Fibrosis. Arch Med Res 2020; 52:357-361. [PMID: 33309309 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a progressive autosomal recessive genetic disease that principally affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It is a chronic disease that has no cure. Symptoms often include chronic cough, lung infections, and shortness of breath. Children with cystic fibrosis present failure to thrive as manifested by low weight and height for age. CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene that codes for a cell membrane protein of epithelial tissues and affects multiple organ systems in the human body. Mutations on the CFTR causes dysfunctional electrolyte regulation affecting intracellular water content. Defective CFTR function in airways produce a dehydrated and sticky mucus that leads the establishment of bacterial chronic infection that ultimate decrease the lung function. During the first decade of life, affected individuals are colonized principally by non typable Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. During the second decade, Pseudomonas aeruginosa becomes the most dominant pathogen and persists throughout the remainder of their lives. In this work, we describe the mechanisms used by P. aeruginosa to adapt and persist in lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - Silvia Yalid Vargas-Roldán
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Luis Lezana-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Respiratoria y Clínica de Fibrosis Quística, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México; Dirección Médica, Asociación Mexicana de Fibrosis Quística, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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15
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Mucito-Varela E, Osorio-Juárez RA, Rosales-Reyes R, Jiménez-Hernández LE. Clinical pathology, diagnostic and treatment in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2020; 58:S292-300. [PMID: 34695342 DOI: 10.24875/rmimss.m20000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus causing an infection and illness referred to as COVID-19. As of July 7th of 2020, this virus has been associated worldwide with over 12 million of infections and more than 550,000 deaths. Transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 in the population is high, and the origin of this coronavirus appears to be related to some species of the bat. However, scientific information related to the pathogenesis, and immune response to COVID-19 changes rapidly, which is why the aim of this work is to provide recent information related to an exacerbated inflammatory immune response which causes multiorgan failure and patient death. The timely identification of infected individuals will be key to stop the spread of infection and in severe cases to establish optimal strategies to reduce the risk of death in critically ill patients. In this review, we have considered the latest findings collected from the clinical studies, diagnostic tests, and treatment for COVID-19. Information presented here will help to the better understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mucito-Varela
- Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud y Medicina, Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Químico Farmacéutico Biotecnólogo
| | | | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis Enrique Jiménez-Hernández
- Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Coyoacán, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud y Medicina, Coordinación de la Licenciatura en Químico Farmacéutico Biotecnólogo
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16
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Alcántar-Curiel MD, Rosales-Reyes R, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Toledano-Tableros JE, Giono-Cerezo S, Garza-Villafuerte P, López-Huerta A, Vences-Vences D, Morfín-Otero R, Rodríguez-Noriega E, López-Álvarez MDR, Espinosa-Sotero MDC, Santos-Preciado JI. Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Three Tertiary Care Hospitals in Mexico: Virulence Profiles, Innate Immune Response and Clonal Dissemination. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2116. [PMID: 31616391 PMCID: PMC6764332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most important nosocomial pathogens distributed worldwide. Due to its multidrug-resistance and the propensity for the epidemic spread, the World Health Organization includes this bacterium as a priority health issue for development of new antibiotics. The aims of this study were to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profile, the clonal relatedness, the virulence profiles, the innate host immune response and the clonal dissemination of A. baumannii in Hospital Civil de Guadalajara (HCG), Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza (HRGIZ) and Pediatric ward of the Hospital General de México Eduardo Liceaga (HGM-P). A total of 252 A. baumannii clinical isolates were collected from patients with nosocomial infections in these hospitals between 2015 and 2016. These isolates showed a multidrug-resistant profile and most of them only susceptible to colistin. Furthermore, 83.3 and 36.9% of the isolates carried the blaOXA–24 and blaTEM–1 genes for resistance to carbapenems and β-lactam antibiotics, respectively. The clonal relatedness assessed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) demonstrated a genetic diversity. Remarkably, the ST136, ST208 and ST369 that belonged to the clonal complex CC92 and ST758 and ST1054 to the CC636 clonal complex were identified. The ST136 was a high-risk persistent clone involved in an outbreak at HCG and ST369 were related to the first carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii outbreak in HRGIZ. Up to 58% isolates were able to attach to A549 epithelial cells and 14.5% of them induced >50% of cytotoxicity. A549 cells infected with A. baumannii produced TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β and the oxygen and nitrogen reactive species that contributes to the development of an inflammatory immune response. Up to 91.3% of clinical isolates were resistant to normal human serum activity. Finally, 98.5% of the clinical isolates were able to form biofilm over polystyrene tubes. In summary, these results demonstrate the increasingly dissemination of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii clones in three hospitals in Mexico carrying diverse bacterial virulence factors that could contribute to establishment of the innate immune response associated to the fatality risks in seriously ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Catalina Gayosso-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Toledano-Tableros
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Giono-Cerezo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola Garza-Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arath López-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Vences-Vences
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rayo Morfín-Otero
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, UDG, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Noriega
- Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Instituto de Patología Infecciosa y Experimental, UDG, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | | | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Ares MA, Sansabas A, Rodríguez-Valverde D, Siqueiros-Cendón T, Rascón-Cruz Q, Rosales-Reyes R, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Cedillo ML, Torres J, Girón JA, De la Cruz MA. The Interaction of Klebsiella pneumoniae With Lipid Rafts-Associated Cholesterol Increases Macrophage-Mediated Phagocytosis Due to Down Regulation of the Capsule Polysaccharide. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:255. [PMID: 31380298 PMCID: PMC6650577 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae successfully colonizes host tissues by recognizing and interacting with cholesterol present on membrane-associated lipid rafts. In this study, we evaluated the role of cholesterol in the expression of capsule polysaccharide genes of K. pneumoniae and its implication in resistance to phagocytosis. Our data revealed that exogenous cholesterol added to K. pneumoniae increases macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. To explain this event, the expression of capsular galF, wzi, and manC genes was determined in the presence of cholesterol. Down-regulation of these capsular genes occurred leading to increased susceptibility to phagocytosis by macrophages. In contrast, depletion of cholesterol from macrophage membranes led to enhanced expression of galF, wzi, and manC genes and to capsule production resulting in resistance to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis. Cholesterol-mediated repression of capsular genes was dependent on the RcsA and H-NS global regulators. Finally, cholesterol also down-regulated the expression of genes responsible for LPS core oligosaccharides production and OMPs. Our results suggest that cholesterol plays an important role for the host by reducing the anti-phagocytic properties of the K. pneumoniae capsule facilitating bacterial engulfment by macrophages during the bacteria-eukaryotic cell interaction mediated by lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sansabas
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Diana Rodríguez-Valverde
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Quintín Rascón-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María D Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María L Cedillo
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A Girón
- Centro de Detección Biomolecular, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Rosales-Reyes R, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Rivera-Benítez C, Santos-Preciado JI, Alcántar-Curiel MD. Virulence profiles and innate immune responses against highly lethal, multidrug-resistant nosocomial isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182899. [PMID: 28797068 PMCID: PMC5552319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulence profiles and innate immune responses were studied in Acinetobacter baumannii from nosocomial infections collected over one year in a tertiary care hospital in Mexico. A. baumannii were identified by VITEK 2 System followed by susceptibility tests. Carbapenemase genes, active efflux mechanism to imipenem and meropenem and outer membrane proteins profile were analyzed to evaluate their role on the activity of carbapenem resistance. All isolates were genotyped by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The ability to form biofilm was determined on a polystyrene surface. The resistance to complement was determined with a pooled human normal serum and TNFα release by infected macrophages was determined by ELISA. The 112 isolates from this study were associated with a 52% of mortality. All were resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and trimethroprim-sulfamethoxal, 96 and 90% were resistant to meropenem and imipenem, respectively, but with high susceptibility to polymyxin B, colistin and tigecyclin. Isolates were classified in 11 different clones. Most isolates, 88% (99/112), were metallo-β-lactamases and carbapenemases producers, associated in 95% with the presence of blaOXA-72 gene. Only 4/99 and 1/99 of the carbapenem-resistant isolates were related to efflux mechanism to meropenem or imipenem resistance, respectively. The loss of expression of 22, 29, and/or 33-36-kDa proteins was detected in 8/11 of the clinical isolates with resistance to carbapenem. More than 96% (108/112) of the isolates were high producers of biofilms on biotic surfaces. Finally, all isolates showed variable resistance to normal human serum activity and were high inductors of TNFα release by macrophages. In summary, these results suggest that multidrug-resistant A. baumannii can persist in the hospital environment through its ability to form biofilms. The high mortality observed was due to their ability to survive normal human serum activity and capability to induce potent inflammatory immune response making this nosocomial pathogen a serious threat to hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: (MDAC); (RRR)
| | - Catalina Gayosso-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Luis Fernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - José Ignacio Santos-Preciado
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Dolores Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ciudad de México, México
- * E-mail: (MDAC); (RRR)
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19
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Ares MA, Fernández-Vázquez JL, Rosales-Reyes R, Jarillo-Quijada MD, von Bargen K, Torres J, González-y-Merchand JA, Alcántar-Curiel MD, De la Cruz MA. H-NS Nucleoid Protein Controls Virulence Features of Klebsiella pneumoniae by Regulating the Expression of Type 3 Pili and the Capsule Polysaccharide. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:13. [PMID: 26904512 PMCID: PMC4746245 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. Main virulence determinants of K. pneumoniae are pili, capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, and siderophores. The histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS) is a pleiotropic regulator found in several gram-negative pathogens. It has functions both as an architectural component of the nucleoid and as a global regulator of gene expression. We generated a Δhns mutant and evaluated the role of the H-NS nucleoid protein on the virulence features of K. pneumoniae. A Δhns mutant down-regulated the mrkA pilin gene and biofilm formation was affected. In contrast, capsule expression was derepressed in the absence of H-NS conferring a hypermucoviscous phenotype. Moreover, H-NS deficiency affected the K. pneumoniae adherence to epithelial cells such as A549 and HeLa cells. In infection experiments using RAW264.7 and THP-1 differentiated macrophages, the Δhns mutant was less phagocytized than the wild-type strain. This phenotype was likely due to the low adherence to these phagocytic cells. Taken together, our data indicate that H-NS nucleoid protein is a crucial regulator of both T3P and CPS of K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ares
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de PediatríaMexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City, Mexico
| | - José L Fernández-Vázquez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma Dolores Jarillo-Quijada
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Pediatría Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge A González-y-Merchand
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María D Alcántar-Curiel
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A De la Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Hospital de Pediatría Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Rosales-Reyes R, Alcántar-Curiel MD, Jarillo-Quijada MD, Gayosso-Vázquez C, Morfin-Otero MDR, Rodríguez-Noriega E, Santos-Preciado JI. Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility to Polymyxin B by a Highly Prevalent Clone of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital. Chemotherapy 2015; 61:8-14. [PMID: 26536333 DOI: 10.1159/000440605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a major cause of hospital-associated infections with increased morbidity and mortality among those affected. METHODS A total of 85 isolates of a highly prevalent multidrug-resistant clone, identified during the period 2007-2011, were analyzed for biofilm formation on a polystyrene surface. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by the Sensititre System, the agar disk diffusion method and then read by means of the BIOMIC system and serial dilutions on Müller-Hinton agar. RESULTS In this study, covering a period of 5 years (2007-2011), we demonstrate that a particular clone emerged as the most prevalent, with an associated lethality of 28.2%. We demonstrate that 92.9% of strains corresponding to this clone are biofilm producers. Our results also demonstrate that all isolates were 100% susceptible to polymyxin B. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the high prevalence and lethality of this multidrug-resistant clone of A. baumannii and its persistence over close to 5 years in a Mexican tertiary hospital environment can be explained in part by the ability of these clinical isolates of A. baumannii to form biofilms.
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21
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Perez-Lopez A, Rosales-Reyes R, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Ortiz-Navarrete V. Salmonella downregulates Nod-like receptor family CARD domain containing protein 4 expression to promote its survival in B cells by preventing inflammasome activation and cell death. J Immunol 2013; 190:1201-9. [PMID: 23284055 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella infects and survives within B cells, but the mechanism used by the bacterium to promote its survival in these cells is unknown. In macrophages, flagellin secreted by Salmonella activates the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family CARD domain containing protein 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome, leading to the production of IL-1β and pyroptosis of infected cells. In this study, we demonstrated that the NLRC4 inflammasome is functional in B cells; however, in Salmonella-infected B cells, IL-1β secretion is prevented through the downregulation of NLRC4 expression. A functional Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type III secretion system appears to be required for this process. Furthermore, infection induces Yap phosphorylation and promotes the interaction of Yap with Hck, thus preventing the transcriptional activation of NLRC4. The ability of Salmonella to inhibit IL-1β production also prevents B cell death; thus, B cells represent an ideal niche in which Salmonella resides, thereby promoting its persistence and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Perez-Lopez
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City CP 07360, México
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Rosales-Reyes R, Aubert DF, Tolman JS, Amer AO, Valvano MA. Burkholderia cenocepacia type VI secretion system mediates escape of type II secreted proteins into the cytoplasm of infected macrophages. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41726. [PMID: 22848580 PMCID: PMC3405007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that survives intracellularly in macrophages and causes serious respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. We have previously shown that bacterial survival occurs in bacteria-containing membrane vacuoles (BcCVs) resembling arrested autophagosomes. Intracellular bacteria stimulate IL-1β secretion in a caspase-1-dependent manner and induce dramatic changes to the actin cytoskeleton and the assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex onto the BcCV membrane. A Type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is required for these phenotypes but surprisingly it is not required for the maturation arrest of the BcCV. Here, we show that macrophages infected with B. cenocepacia employ the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce IL-1β secretion and pyroptosis. Moreover, IL-1β secretion by B. cenocepacia-infected macrophages is suppressed in deletion mutants unable to produce functional Type VI, Type IV, and Type 2 secretion systems (SS). We provide evidence that the T6SS mediates the disruption of the BcCV membrane, which allows the escape of proteins secreted by the T2SS into the macrophage cytoplasm. This was demonstrated by the activity of fusion derivatives of the T2SS-secreted metalloproteases ZmpA and ZmpB with adenylcyclase. Supporting this notion, ZmpA and ZmpB are required for efficient IL-1β secretion in a T6SS dependent manner. ZmpA and ZmpB are also required for the maturation arrest of the BcCVs and bacterial intra-macrophage survival in a T6SS-independent fashion. Our results uncover a novel mechanism for inflammasome activation that involves cooperation between two bacterial secretory pathways, and an unanticipated role for T2SS-secreted proteins in intracellular bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Daniel F. Aubert
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer S. Tolman
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amal O. Amer
- Centre for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity and the Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Miguel A. Valvano
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Rosales-Reyes R, Saldías MS, Aubert DF, El-Halfawy OM, Valvano MA. The suhB gene of Burkholderia cenocepacia is required for protein secretion, biofilm formation, motility and polymyxin B resistance. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2315-2324. [PMID: 22767545 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.060988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is a member of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of Gram-negative opportunistic pathogens that cause severe lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis and display extreme intrinsic resistance to antibiotics, including antimicrobial peptides. B. cenocepacia BCAL2157 encodes a protein homologous to SuhB, an inositol-1-monophosphatase from Escherichia coli, which was suggested to participate in post-transcriptional control of gene expression. In this work we show that a deletion of the suhB-like gene in B. cenocepacia (ΔsuhB(Bc)) was associated with pleiotropic phenotypes. The ΔsuhB(Bc) mutant had a growth defect manifested by an almost twofold increase in the generation time relative to the parental strain. The mutant also had a general defect in protein secretion, motility and biofilm formation. Further analysis of the type II and type VI secretion systems (T2SS and T6SS) activities revealed that these secretion systems were inactive in the ΔsuhB(Bc) mutant. In addition, the mutant exhibited increased susceptibility to polymyxin B but not to aminoglycosides such as gentamicin and kanamycin. Together, our results demonstrate that suhB(Bc) deletion compromises general protein secretion, including the activity of the T2SS and the T6SS, and affects polymyxin B resistance, motility and biofilm formation. The pleiotropic effects observed upon suhB(Bc) deletion demonstrate that suhB(Bc) plays a critical role in the physiology of B. cenocepacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., C.P. 02200 México.,Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - María Soledad Saldías
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Daniel F Aubert
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Omar M El-Halfawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Miguel A Valvano
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Rosales-Reyes R, Pérez-López A, Sánchez-Gómez C, Hernández-Mote RR, Castro-Eguiluz D, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Alpuche-Aranda CM. Salmonella infects B cells by macropinocytosis and formation of spacious phagosomes but does not induce pyroptosis in favor of its survival. Microb Pathog 2012; 52:367-74. [PMID: 22475626 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that Salmonella infects B cells and survives within endosomal-lysosomal compartments. However, the mechanisms used by Salmonella to enter B cells remain unknown. In this study, we have shown that Salmonella induces its own entry by the induction of localized ruffling, macropinocytosis, and spacious phagosome formation. These events were associated with the rearrangement of actin and microtubule networks. The Salmonella pathogenesis island 1 (SPI-1) was necessary to invade B cells. In contrast to macrophages, B cells were highly resistant to cell death induced by Salmonella. These data demonstrate the ability of Salmonella to infect these non-professional phagocytic cells, where the bacterium can find an ideal intracellular niche to support persistence and the possible dissemination of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Rosales-Reyes R, Skeldon AM, Aubert DF, Valvano MA. The Type VI secretion system of Burkholderia cenocepacia affects multiple Rho family GTPases disrupting the actin cytoskeleton and the assembly of NADPH oxidase complex in macrophages. Cell Microbiol 2011; 14:255-73. [PMID: 22023353 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2011.01716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia cenocepacia is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. The bacterium survives intracellularly in macrophages within a membrane-bound vacuole (BcCV) that precludes the fusion with lysosomes. The underlying cellular mechanisms and bacterial molecules mediating these phenotypes are unknown. Here, we show that intracellular B. cenocepacia expressing a type VI secretion system (T6SS) affects the activation of the Rac1 and Cdc42 RhoGTPase by reducing the cellular pool of GTP-bound Rac1 and Cdc42. The T6SS also increases the cellular pool of GTP-bound RhoA and decreases cofilin activity. These effects lead to abnormal actin polymerization causing collapse of lamellipodia and failure to retract the uropod. The T6SS also prevents the recruitment of soluble subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex including Rac1 to the BcCV membrane, but is not involved in the BcCV maturation arrest. Therefore, T6SS-mediated deregulation of Rho family GTPases is a common mechanism linking disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and delayed NADPH oxidase activation in macrophages infected with B. cenocepacia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Centre for Human Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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Abdulrahman BA, Khweek AA, Akhter A, Caution K, Kotrange S, Abdelaziz DHA, Newland C, Rosales-Reyes R, Kopp B, McCoy K, Montione R, Schlesinger LS, Gavrilin MA, Wewers MD, Valvano MA, Amer AO. Autophagy stimulation by rapamycin suppresses lung inflammation and infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia in a model of cystic fibrosis. Autophagy 2011; 7:1359-70. [PMID: 21997369 DOI: 10.4161/auto.7.11.17660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common inherited lethal disease of Caucasians which results in multi organ dysfunction. However, 85% of the deaths are due to pulmonary infections. Infection by Burkholderia cenocepacia (B. cepacia) is a particularly lethal threat to CF patients because it causes severe and persistent lung inflammation and is resistant to nearly all available antibiotics. In CFTR ΔF508 mouse macrophages, B. cepacia persists in vacuoles that do not fuse with the lysosomes and mediates increased production of IL-1β. It is believed that intracellular bacterial survival contributes to the persistence of the bacterium. Here we show for the first time that in wild-type macrophages but not in ΔF508 macrophages, many B. cepacia reside in autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes at later stages of infection. Accordingly, association and intracellular survival of B. cepacia are higher in CFTR-ΔF508 (ΔF508) macrophages than in WT macrophages. An autophagosome is a compartment that engulfs non-functional organelles and parts of the cytoplasm then delivers them to the lysosome for degradation to produce nutrients during periods of starvation or stress. Furthermore, we show that B. cepacia downregulates autophagy genes in WT and ΔF508 macrophages. However, autophagy dysfunction is more pronounced in ΔF508 macrophages since they already have compromised autophagy activity. We demonstrate that the autophagy-stimulating agent, rapamycin markedly decreases B. cepacia infection in vitro by enhancing the clearance of B. cepacia via induced autophagy. In vivo, Rapamycin decreases bacterial burden in the lungs of CF mice and drastically reduces signs of lung inflammation. Together, our studies reveal that if efficiently activated, autophagy can control B. cepacia infection and ameliorate the associated inflammation. Therefore, autophagy is a novel target for new drug development for CF patients to control B. cepacia infection and accompanying inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Abdulrahman
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Castro-Eguiluz D, Pelayo R, Rosales-Garcia V, Rosales-Reyes R, Alpuche-Aranda C, Ortiz-Navarrete V. B cell precursors are targets for Salmonella infection. Microb Pathog 2009; 47:52-6. [PMID: 19383536 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that, in mice, B cells are a reservoir for bacteria during Salmonella infection. Here, we show that, within the bone marrow, B cells and their precursors are targeted for infection by Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Our data suggest that B cells within the bone marrow may be a bacterial niche during chronic Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Castro-Eguiluz
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), DF, Mexico
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Rosales-Reyes R, Pèrez-Lòpez A, Ramìrez-Aguilar M, Ortiz-Navarrete V, Urbàn-Reyes M, Alpuche-Aranda C. P810 Salmonella ability to use B-lymphocytes as a reservoir is due to overcoming bactericidal mechanisms, in addition to inability to produce infiammatory cytokines. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rosales-Reyes R, Alpuche-Aranda C, Ramírez-Aguilar MDLL, Castro-Eguiluz AD, Ortiz-Navarrete V. Survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium within late endosomal-lysosomal compartments of B lymphocytes is associated with the inability to use the vacuolar alternative major histocompatibility complex class I antigen-processing pathway. Infect Immun 2005; 73:3937-44. [PMID: 15972480 PMCID: PMC1168566 DOI: 10.1128/iai.73.7.3937-3944.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages use an alternative processing mechanism to present Salmonella antigens to CD8(+) T lymphocytes. This pathway involves processing of antigen in a vacuolar compartment followed by secretion and loading of antigenic peptides to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules on macrophage cell surface and bystander cells. In this study, we have shown that B lymphocytes are not able to process Salmonella antigens using this alternative pathway. This is due to differences in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium-containing vacuoles (SCV) when comparing late endosomal-lysosomal processing compartments in B lymphocytes to those in macrophages. The IFN-gamma-activated IC21 macrophage cell line and A-20 B-cell line were infected with live or dead Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The SCV in B cells were in a late endosomal-lysosomal compartment, whereas SCV in macrophages were remodeled to a non-characteristic late endosomal-lysosomal compartment over time. Despite the difference in SCV within macrophages and B lymphocytes, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium survives more efficiently within the IFN-gamma-activated B cells than in activated macrophage cell lines. Similar results were found during in vivo acute infection. We determined that a lack of remodeling of late endosomal-lysosomal compartments by live Salmonella infection in B lymphocytes is associated with the inability to use the alternative MHC-I antigen-processing pathway, providing a survival advantage to the bacterium. Our data also suggest that the B lymphocyte late endosome-lysosome environment allows the expression of Salmonella virulence mechanisms favoring B lymphocytes in addition to macrophages and dendritic cells as a reservoir during in vivo infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rosales-Reyes
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Av. IPN No. 2508, Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, Delegación Gustavo A. Madero, México, DF CP 07360, Mexico
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