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Roquefeuil L, Iskandar K, Roques C, Marchin L, Guittard M, Poupet H, Brandely-Piat ML, Jobard M. Evaluating and Managing the Microbial Contamination of Eye Drops: A Two-Phase Hospital-Based Study. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:933. [PMID: 39065630 PMCID: PMC11279954 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16070933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The microbial contamination of eye drop tips and caps varies between 7.7% and 100%. In seeking patient protection and continuous improvement, the Pharmacy Department in the Sterile Ophthalmological and Oncological Preparations Unit at Cochin Hospital AP-HP, Paris, France, conducted a two-phase study to compare the antimicrobial efficiency and practical use of standard packaging and a marketed eye drop container incorporating a self-decontaminating antimicrobial green technology by Pylote SAS at the tip and cap sites. The first phase was conducted in situ to identify the microbial contaminants of eye drops used in the hospital and community settings. A total of 110 eye drops were included for testing. Staphylococcus species were the most prevalent bacteria. Candida parapsilosis was detected in only one residual content sample and, at the same time, on the cap and tip. The second phase was performed in vitro, according to JIS Z2801. Reductions above one log in Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts were noted in Pylote SAS eye drop packaging after 24 h of contact. The practical tests showed satisfactory results. Pylote SAS antimicrobial mineral oxide technology exhibited promising effects that combined effectiveness, safety, and sustainability to protect the patient by preventing infections due to the contamination of eye drop containers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Roquefeuil
- Unité de Préparations Stériles Ophtalmologiques et Oncologiques, GHU AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris Cité—Site Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (M.-L.B.-P.); (M.J.)
| | - Katia Iskandar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut 1105, Lebanon
- Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban (INSPECT-LB), Beirut 1103, Lebanon
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Toulouse, 31062 Toulouse, France;
- FONDEREPHAR, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Marchin
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mylène Guittard
- Pylote SAS, 22 Avenue de la Mouyssaguèse, 31280 Drémil-Lafage, France; (L.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Hélène Poupet
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, GHU AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris Cité—Site Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Brandely-Piat
- Unité de Préparations Stériles Ophtalmologiques et Oncologiques, GHU AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris Cité—Site Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (M.-L.B.-P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marion Jobard
- Unité de Préparations Stériles Ophtalmologiques et Oncologiques, GHU AP-HP Centre-Université de Paris Cité—Site Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France; (L.R.); (M.-L.B.-P.); (M.J.)
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Lecaudé C, Orieux N, Chuzeville S, Bertry A, Coissac E, Boyer F, Bonin A, Colomb-Boeckler N, Mathieu B, Recour M, Vindret J, Pignol C, Romand S, Petite C, Taberlet P, Charles C, Bel N, Hauwuy A. Deciphering microbial communities of three Savoyard raw milk cheeses along ripening and regarding the cheese process. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110712. [PMID: 38723541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Different Savoyard cheeses are granted with PDO (Protected Designation or Origin) and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) which guarantees consumers compliance with strict specifications. The use of raw milk is known to be crucial for specific flavor development. To unravel the factors influencing microbial ecosystems across cheese making steps, according to the seasonality (winter and summer) and the mode of production (farmhouse and dairy factory ones), gene targeting on bacteria and fungus was used to have a full picture of 3 cheese making technologies, from the raw milk to the end of the ripening. Our results revealed that Savoyard raw milks are a plenteous source of biodiversity together with the brines used during the process, that may support the development of specific features for each cheese. It was shown that rinds and curds have very contrasted ecosystem diversity, composition, and evolution. Ripening stage was selective for some bacterial species, whereas fungus were mainly ubiquitous in dairy samples. All ripening stages are impacted by the type of cheese technologies, with a higher impact on bacterial communities, except for fungal rind communities, for which the technology is the more discriminant. The specific microorganism's abundance for each technology allow to see a real bar-code, with more or less differences regarding bacterial or fungal communities. Bacterial structuration is shaped mainly by matrices, differently regarding technologies while the influence of technology is higher for fungi. Production types showed 10 differential bacterial species, farmhouses showed more ripening taxa, while dairy factory products showing more lactic acid bacteria. Meanwhile, seasonality looks to be a minor element for the comprehension of both microbial ecosystems, but the uniqueness of each dairy plant is a key explicative feature, more for bacteria than for fungus communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cresciense Lecaudé
- CERAQ, Centre de ressources pour l'agriculture de qualité et de montagne, 40 Rue du Terraillet, 73190 Saint-Baldoph, France.
| | - Nicolas Orieux
- ENILV, Ecole Nationale des industries du lait et de la viande, 212Rue Anatole France, 74800 La Roche-sur-Foron, France
| | - Sarah Chuzeville
- ACTALIA, Centre technique d'expertise agroalimentaire, Division d'expertise analytique sur le lait et les produits laitiers, 419 Rte des Champs Laitiers, 74800 Eteaux, France
| | - Alicia Bertry
- ACTALIA, Centre technique d'expertise agroalimentaire, Division d'expertise analytique sur le lait et les produits laitiers, 419 Rte des Champs Laitiers, 74800 Eteaux, France
| | - Eric Coissac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Boyer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Bonin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nelly Colomb-Boeckler
- ACTALIA, Centre technique d'expertise agroalimentaire, Division d'expertise analytique sur le lait et les produits laitiers, 419 Rte des Champs Laitiers, 74800 Eteaux, France
| | - Bruno Mathieu
- Syndicat Interprofessionnel du Reblochon, 28 Rue Louis Haase, 74230 Thônes, France
| | - Manon Recour
- Syndicat Interprofessionnel du Reblochon, 28 Rue Louis Haase, 74230 Thônes, France
| | - Joël Vindret
- sifa syndicat interprofessionnel du fromage abondance, 16 chemin d'Hirmentaz, 74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Céline Pignol
- Savoicime, Syndicat Interprofessionnel de la Tomme de Savoie, 10 Allée Jules Vernes, 74150 Rumilly, France
| | - Stéphane Romand
- Syndicat Interprofessionnel du Reblochon, 28 Rue Louis Haase, 74230 Thônes, France
| | - Caroline Petite
- Syndicat Interprofessionnel de la Tome des Bauges, Rue Henri Bouvier, 73630 Le Chatelard, France
| | - Pierre Taberlet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, CNRS, LECA, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Charles
- CERAQ, Centre de ressources pour l'agriculture de qualité et de montagne, 40 Rue du Terraillet, 73190 Saint-Baldoph, France
| | - Nadège Bel
- ACTALIA, Centre technique d'expertise agroalimentaire, Division d'expertise analytique sur le lait et les produits laitiers, 419 Rte des Champs Laitiers, 74800 Eteaux, France
| | - Agnès Hauwuy
- CERAQ, Centre de ressources pour l'agriculture de qualité et de montagne, 40 Rue du Terraillet, 73190 Saint-Baldoph, France
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Yilmaz OF, Sarmıs A, Mutlu MA, Oguz H. Does corneal tattooing affect the conjunctival microbiota? Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2024; 43:46-51. [PMID: 37879108 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2023.2275025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of commercial tattoo inks used in corneal tattooing on conjunctival microbiota. METHOD This prospective case control study consisted of 125 participants divided in the following three groups: 35 patients with corneal tattoos, 40 patients with corneal leukoma, and 50 healthy subjects. Corneal tattooing was performed in all the cases in this study using a tattoo pen machine and commercial tattoo ink. A total of 500 cultures were taken from 250 eyes of 125 individuals on chocolate and sheep blood agar. Bacteriological samples were taken from the inferior eyelid conjunctiva using a sterile cotton swab. Without any contact elsewhere, the swabs were smeared on bedside chocolate agars and 5% sheep blood agar. RESULTS In tattooed eyes, bacterial growth was detected in 42.9% of the chocolate and sheep blood agar samples. In other healthy eyes of patients with corneal tattoos, 54.5% bacterial growth on chocolate agar and 57.1% on sheep blood agar were detected. No statistical difference was detected in the conjunctival microbiota of chocolate and sheep blood agar (p = 0.254, p = 0.134, respectively) in the tattooed eyes compared to the other eye of the individual. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of bacterial growth in tattooed, leukoma, or healthy eyes on chocolate and sheep blood agar (p = 0.408, p = 0.349). The growth rate of Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased by 33.3% (from 12 to 8) on chocolate agar in 35 tattooed eyes, and it decreased by 28.5% (from 14 to 10) on sheep blood agar, while gram-negative bacteria Brevundimonas diminuta, Acinetobacter lwoffii, and Psychrobacter faecalis were detected in three patients. CONCLUSION Corneal tattooing using commercial dye does not affect conjunctival microbiota. In the past 3 years, 120 patients have been tattooed with commercial tattoo ink in Istanbul Medeniyet University Göztepe Training and Research Hospital. No complications related to infection were found in the 3-year follow-up. The gram-negative bacteria detected in the healthy control group and tattooed eyes were bacteria found on normal skin or in the respiratory tract. Although some gram-negative bacteria do not cause infection, careful eye examination, follow-up, and culture are required in suspicious cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Faruk Yilmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Sarmıs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçin City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Ali Mutlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Halit Oguz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Rasaruck U, Kasetsuwan N, Kittipibul T, Pongchaikul P, Chatsuwan T. Composition and diversity of meibum microbiota in meibomian gland dysfunction and the correlation with tear cytokine levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296296. [PMID: 38134040 PMCID: PMC10745150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) leads to meibum stasis and pathogenic bacteria proliferation. We determined meibum microbiota via next-generation sequencing (NGS) and examined their association with tear cytokine levels in patients with MGD. This cross-sectional study included 44 moderate-severe patients with MGD and 44 healthy controls (HCs). All volunteers underwent assessment with the ocular surface disease index questionnaire, Schirmer without anesthesia, tear break-up time, Oxford grading of ocular surface staining, and lid and meibum features. Sample collection included tears for cytokine detection and meibum for 16S rRNA NGS. No significant differences were observed in the α-diversity of patients with MGD compared with that in HCs. However, Simpson's index showed significantly decreased α-diversity for severe MGD than for moderate MGD (p = 0.045). Principal coordinate analysis showed no significant differences in β-diversity in meibum samples from patients with MGD and HCs. Patients with MGD had significantly higher relative abundances of Bacteroides (8.54% vs. 6.00%, p = 0.015) and Novosphingobium (0.14% vs. 0.004%, p = 0.012) than the HCs. Significantly higher interleukin (IL)-17A was detected in the MGD group than in the HC group, particularly for severe MGD (p = 0.008). Although Bacteroides was more abundant in the MGD group than in the HC group, it was not positively correlated with IL-17A. The relationship between core meibum microbiota and tear cytokine levels remains unclear. However, increased Bacteroides and Novosphingobium abundance may be critical in MGD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubonwan Rasaruck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ngamjit Kasetsuwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center of Cornea and Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Ophthalmology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanachaporn Kittipibul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center of Cornea and Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Ophthalmology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
- Integrative Computational Bioscience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tanittha Chatsuwan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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5
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Tresch M, Watté C, Stengard M, Ritter C, Brodard I, Feyer S, Gohl E, Akdesir E, Perreten V, Kittl S. Corynebacterium oculi-related bacterium may act as a pathogen and carrier of antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs: a case report. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:251. [PMID: 38031130 PMCID: PMC10763336 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Corynebacterium comprises well-known animal and human pathogens as well as commensals of skin and mucous membranes. Species formerly regarded as contaminants are increasingly being recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Corynebacterium oculi has recently been described as a human ocular pathogen but has so far not been reported in dogs. CASE PRESENTATION Here we present two cases of infection with a novel Corynebacterium sp., a corneal ulcer and a case of bacteriuria. The two bacterial isolates could not be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. While 16 S rRNA gene (99.3% similarity) and rpoB (96.6% identity) sequencing led to the preliminary identification of the isolates as Corynebacterium (C.) oculi, whole genome sequencing revealed the strains to be closely related to, but in a separate cluster from C. oculi. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high minimal inhibitory concentrations of lincosamides, macrolides, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones for one of the isolates, which also contained an erm(X) and tet-carrying plasmid as well as a nonsynonymous mutation leading to an S84I substitution in the quinolone resistance determining region of GyrA. CONCLUSIONS While the clinical signs of both dogs were alleviated by antimicrobial treatment, the clinical significance of these isolates remains to be proven. However, considering its close relation with C. oculi, a known pathogen in humans, pathogenic potential of this species is not unlikely. Furthermore, these bacteria may act as reservoir for antimicrobial resistance genes also in a One Health context since one strain carried a multidrug resistance plasmid related to pNG3 of C. diphtheriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tresch
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christine Watté
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Stengard
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Brodard
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Feyer
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Estelle Gohl
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ezgi Akdesir
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Kittl
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Gafen HB, Liu CC, Ineck NE, Scully CM, Mironovich MA, Taylor CM, Luo M, Leis ML, Scott EM, Carter RT, Hernke DM, Paul NC, Lewin AC. Alterations to the bovine bacterial ocular surface microbiome in the context of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:60. [PMID: 37996960 PMCID: PMC10668498 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a common cause of morbidity in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses. This study aimed to characterize the bovine bacterial ocular surface microbiome (OSM) through conjunctival swab samples from Normal eyes and eyes with naturally acquired, active IBK across populations of cattle using a three-part approach, including bacterial culture, relative abundance (RA, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing), and semi-quantitative random forest modeling (real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)). RESULTS Conjunctival swab samples were obtained from eyes individually classified as Normal (n = 376) or IBK (n = 228) based on clinical signs. Cattle unaffected by IBK and the unaffected eye in cattle with contralateral IBK were used to obtain Normal eye samples. Moraxella bovis was cultured from similar proportions of IBK (7/228, 3.07%) and Normal eyes (1/159, 0.63%) (p = 0.1481). Moraxella bovoculi was cultured more frequently (p < 0.0001) in IBK (59/228, 25.88%) than Normal (7/159, 4.40%) eyes. RA (via 16 S rRNA gene sequencing) of Actinobacteriota was significantly higher in Normal eyes (p = 0.0045). Corynebacterium variabile and Corynebacterium stationis (Actinobacteriota) were detected at significantly higher RA (p = 0.0008, p = 0.0025 respectively) in Normal eyes. Rothia nasimurium (Actinobacteriota) was detected at significantly higher RA in IBK eyes (p < 0.0001). Alpha-diversity index was not significantly different between IBK and Normal eyes (p > 0.05). Alpha-diversity indices for geographic location (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.0001), sex (p < 0.05) and breed (p < 0.01) and beta-diversity indices for geographic location (p < 0.001), disease status (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), sex (p < 0.001) and breed (p < 0.001) were significantly different between groups. Modeling of RT-PCR values reliably categorized the microbiome of IBK and Normal eyes; primers for Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella bovis, and Staphylococcus spp. were consistently the most significant canonical variables in these models. CONCLUSIONS The results provide further evidence that multiple elements of the bovine bacterial OSM are altered in the context of IBK, indicating the involvement of a variety of bacteria in addition to Moraxella bovis, including Moraxella bovoculi and R. nasimurium, among others. Actinobacteriota RA is altered in IBK, providing possible opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions. While RT-PCR modeling provided limited further support for the involvement of Moraxella bovis in IBK, this was not overtly reflected in culture or RA results. Results also highlight the influence of geographic location and breed type (dairy or beef) on the bovine bacterial OSM. RT-PCR modeling reliably categorized samples as IBK or Normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Gafen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Nikole E Ineck
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Clare M Scully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Melanie A Mironovich
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Christopher M Taylor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Meng Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, 2020 Gravier St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Marina L Leis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Erin M Scott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - David M Hernke
- Department of Ambulatory Medicine and Theriogenology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Rd, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Narayan C Paul
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, Texas A&M University, 483 Agronomy Rd, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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An Q, Zou H. Ocular surface microbiota dysbiosis contributes to the high prevalence of dry eye disease in diabetic patients. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:805-814. [PMID: 36409575 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2142090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
People with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk for developing dry eye disease (DED). However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Recent studies have found that the ocular surface microbiota (OSM) differs significantly between patients with DED and healthy people, suggesting that OSM dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of DED. This hypothesis provides a new possible explanation for why diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of DED than healthy people. The high-glucose environment and the subsequent pathological changes on the ocular surface can cause OSM dysbiosis. The unbalanced microbiota then promotes ocular surface inflammation and alters tear composition, which disturbs the homeostasis of the ocular surface. This "high glucose-OSM dysbiosis" pathway in the pathogenesis of DED with DM (DM-DED) is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu An
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention & Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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8
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Nageeb WM, Hetta HF. Pangenome analysis of Corynebacterium striatum: insights into a neglected multidrug-resistant pathogen. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:252. [PMID: 37684624 PMCID: PMC10486106 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past two decades, Corynebacterium striatum has been increasingly isolated from clinical cultures with most isolates showing increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to last resort agents. Advances in the field of pan genomics would facilitate the understanding of the clinical significance of such bacterial species previously thought to be among commensals paving the way for identifying new drug targets and control strategies. METHODS We constructed a pan-genome using 310 genome sequences of C. striatum. Pan-genome analysis was performed using three tools including Roary, PIRATE, and PEPPAN. AMR genes and virulence factors have been studied in relation to core genome phylogeny. Genomic Islands (GIs), Integrons, and Prophage regions have been explored in detail. RESULTS The pan-genome ranges between a total of 5253-5857 genes with 2070 - 1899 core gene clusters. Some antimicrobial resistance genes have been identified in the core genome portion, but most of them were located in the dispensable genome. In addition, some well-known virulence factors described in pathogenic Corynebacterium species were located in the dispensable genome. A total of 115 phage species have been identified with only 44 intact prophage regions. CONCLUSION This study presents a detailed comparative pangenome report of C. striatum. The species show a very slowly growing pangenome with relatively high number of genes in the core genome contributing to lower genomic variation. Prophage elements carrying AMR and virulence elements appear to be infrequent in the species. GIs appear to offer a prominent role in mobilizing antibiotic resistance genes in the species and integrons occur at a frequency of 50% in the species. Control strategies should be directed against virulence and resistance determinants carried on the core genome and those frequently occurring in the accessory genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wedad M Nageeb
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41111, Egypt.
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
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Astley RA, Mursalin MH, Coburn PS, Livingston ET, Nightengale JW, Bagaruka E, Hunt JJ, Callegan MC. Ocular Bacterial Infections: A Ten-Year Survey and Review of Causative Organisms Based on the Oklahoma Experience. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1802. [PMID: 37512974 PMCID: PMC10386592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular infections can be medical emergencies that result in permanent visual impairment or blindness and loss of quality of life. Bacteria are a major cause of ocular infections. Effective treatment of ocular infections requires knowledge of which bacteria are the likely cause of the infection. This survey of ocular bacterial isolates and review of ocular pathogens is based on a survey of a collection of isolates banked over a ten-year span at the Dean McGee Eye Institute in Oklahoma. These findings illustrate the diversity of bacteria isolated from the eye, ranging from common species to rare and unique species. At all sampled sites, staphylococci were the predominant bacteria isolated. Pseudomonads were the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate, except in vitreous, where Serratia was the most common Gram-negative bacterial isolate. Here, we discuss the range of ocular infections that these species have been documented to cause and treatment options for these infections. Although a highly diverse spectrum of species has been isolated from the eye, the majority of infections are caused by Gram-positive species, and in most infections, empiric treatments are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Astley
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Md Huzzatul Mursalin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Phillip S Coburn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Erin T Livingston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - James W Nightengale
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Eddy Bagaruka
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hunt
- Department of Biology, Oklahoma Christian University, Edmond, OK 73013, USA
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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10
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Gabay S, Tene Y, Ben-Ami R, Shapira Y. Corynebacterium bovis surgical site infection and brain abscess: The first case report and literature review. IDCases 2023; 33:e01782. [PMID: 37273774 PMCID: PMC10236288 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Corynebacterium bovis is a mainly zoonotic pathogen, a common cause of bovine mastitis. It is however rarely pathogenic in humans, with only few cases reported in the literature. We present the first reported case of neurosurgical site infection due to c.bovis, resulting in a brain abscess. A 75-year-old female presented with dysphasia resulting from lung metastases. She underwent surgical resection, and four months later presented with swelling, tenderness and crusted exudate over the surgical site. Mri revealed surgical site infection and brain abscess, therefore the patient underwent urgent surgery. C.bovis was isolated from all specimens sent from different locations. The patient received appropriate antibiotic treatment without sequela. C. Bovis is being increasingly reported as a cause of various human infections, and should not automatically be considered to be a mere contaminant. It is imperative to be certain, prior to the antibiotics treatment, that this particular isolate is likely to be the pathogen, as it can be evident when there are multiple positive cultures of this pathogen from several locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segev Gabay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Tene
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-aviv, Israel
| | - Ronen Ben-Ami
- Departments of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Shapira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-aviv, Israel
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11
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Lima-Fontes M, Martinho-Dias D, Leuzinger-Dias M, Cunha AM, Neves Cardoso P, Torrão L, Moreira R, Falcão-Reis F, Pinheiro-Costa J. Microbiological Profile of Infectious Keratitis During Covid-19 Pandemic. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:535-543. [PMID: 36798798 PMCID: PMC9926925 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s395877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The Covid-19 pandemic introduced significant changes in our daily life, including the widespread use of face masks. The purpose of this study was to assess if significant changes occurred in the microbiological profile of infectious keratitis. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was performed, based on a survey review of the electronic medical records of all patients with presumed infectious keratitis, between March 2020 and October 2021. The microbiological isolates in this sample (pandemic group) were compared with those obtained in our center between 2009 and 2018 (pre-pandemic group). Results A total of 194 samples were included in the pandemic group. We obtained a culture-positivity rate of 43.3%, which was significantly higher when compared with the pre-pandemic data (35.15%, p = 0.033). Several further significant differences were found between the pandemic and the pre-pandemic groups: the proportion of bacteria, including gram-positive and gram-negative groups, was higher in our sample (pre-pandemic vs pandemic: 76.78% vs 83.33%, p = 0.010; 53.35% vs 60.71%, p = 0.016; 23.43% vs 34.52%, p = 0.005, respectively); two populations of Gram-positive bacteria found in this study were not isolated in the pre-pandemic sample - Dolosigranulum pigrum and Propionibacterium spp.; and two bacterial isolates were significantly increased in our sample - Corynebacterium spp. (18.41% vs 29.76%, p = 0.003) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.00% vs 16.66%, p = 0.012). Conclusion In conclusion, significant changes were found in the microbiological profile of infectious keratitis in our center during the Covid-19 pandemic. While these changes could be related to face mask use, more observational and experimental studies are needed to explore this possible association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Lima-Fontes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal,Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal,Correspondence: Mário Lima-Fontes, Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal, Email
| | - Daniel Martinho-Dias
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Decision in Health, University of Porto Faculty of Medicine, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal,Family Health Unit Ao encontro da Saúde, ACES Santo Tirso-Trofa, Trofa, 4745-559, Portugal
| | - Mariana Leuzinger-Dias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Cunha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Pedro Neves Cardoso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Luís Torrão
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Raúl Moreira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal
| | - Fernando Falcão-Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - João Pinheiro-Costa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, 4200-319, Portugal,Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
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12
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Rigas Y, Treat BR, Shane J, Shanks RMQ, St. Leger AJ. Genetic Manipulation of Corynebacterium mastitidis to Better Understand the Ocular Microbiome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:19. [PMID: 36799874 PMCID: PMC9942783 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corynebacterium spp. are Gram-positive bacteria commonly associated with the ocular surface. Corynebacterium mastitidis was isolated from mouse eyes and was demonstrated to induce a beneficial immune response that can protect the eye from pathogenic infection. Because eye-relevant Corynebacterium spp. are not well described, we generated a C. mast transposon (Tn) mutant library to gain a better understanding of the nature of eye-colonizing bacteria. Methods Tn mutagenesis was performed with a custom Tn5-based transposon that incorporated a promoterless gene for the fluorescent protein mCherry. We screened our library using flow cytometry and enzymatic assays to identify useful mutants that demonstrate the utility of our approach. Results Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of mCherry+ bacteria allowed us to identify a highly fluorescent mutant that was detectable on the murine ocular surface using microscopy. We also identified a functional knockout that was unable to hydrolyze urea, UreaseKO. Although uric acid is an antimicrobial factor produced in tears, UreaseKO bacterium maintained an ability to colonize the eye, suggesting that urea hydrolysis is not required for colonization. In vitro and in vivo, both mutants maintained the potential to stimulate protective immunity as compared to wild-type C. mast. Conclusions In sum, we describe a method to genetically modify an eye-colonizing microbe, C. mast. Furthermore, the procedures outlined here will allow for the continued development of genetic tools for modifying ocular Corynebacterium spp., which will lead to a more complete understanding of the interactions between the microbiome and host immunity at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Rigas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Treat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jackie Shane
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Robert M. Q. Shanks
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States
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13
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Soni T, Gunasekaran R, Das S, Mitra S, Prajna NV, Prajna L, Sharma S, Mohamed A. Corynebacterium Keratitis: Pure Versus Mixed Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns From Different Tertiary Eye Care Centers. Cornea 2022; 41:1386-1391. [PMID: 34743096 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological profiles of culture-proven pure Corynebacterium keratitis with mixed infection and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns over a 2-year period. METHODS A retrospective analysis of culture-proven cases of Corynebacterium keratitis over a 2-year period was performed in 3 different tertiary eye care centers. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility in vitro using the disc-diffusion method for 7 antibiotics. RESULTS Altogether 108 cases were identified as culture-positive Corynebacterium keratitis in 3 tertiary eye care centers. Of these, 60.2% (n = 65) and 39.8% (n = 43) of cases were due to pure Corynebacterium and mixed infection, respectively. The mean duration of symptoms was 23.2 ± 29.6 days. In the mixed-infection group, fungus was identified as the coexistent pathogen in 22 cases (51.1%). Ocular surface disorder was the most common risk factor (33.9%) in Corynebacterium keratitis. The most frequently isolated species was Corynebacterium amycolatum (22.2%) in both groups. Therapeutic keratoplasty was performed in 8.3% of cases. There was no significant difference in the outcome between the 2 groups. Cefazolin resistance was seen in 13.9% of patients, and all isolates were susceptible to vancomycin. The resistance pattern showed emerging resistance toward fluoroquinolone because the isolates were resistant to gatifloxacin (58.3%), moxifloxacin (47.2%), ciprofloxacin (54.6%), and ofloxacin (45.4%). CONCLUSIONS Ocular surface disorder is the most common risk factor in Corynebacterium keratitis. Although fluoroquinolones are commonly used as first-line therapy in microbial keratitis, the in vitro resistance pattern indicates that these are less likely to be effective in infection with Corynebacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Soni
- Cornea & Anterior Segment Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Sujata Das
- Cornea & Anterior Segment Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanchita Mitra
- Ocular Microbiology Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Lalitha Prajna
- Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India; and
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Department of Ophthalmic Biophysics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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14
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Nagarajan V, St. Leger AJ, Zhang A, Silver P, Caspi RR. Draft Reference Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium mastitidis RC, an Ocular Commensal, Isolated from Mouse Conjunctiva. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0018722. [PMID: 35536012 PMCID: PMC9202379 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the genome sequence of a protective commensal, Corynebacterium mastitidis RC, isolated from mouse conjunctiva. The C. mastitidis RC genome sequence is 2,153,054 bp in size and 96.95% complete, and we believe that it can contribute to the understanding of the functional immune attributes of the ocular commensal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayaraj Nagarajan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Zhang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Phyllis Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel R. Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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15
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Kittl S, Studer E, Brodard I, Thomann A, Jores J. Corynebacterium uberis sp. nov. frequently isolated from bovine mastitis. Syst Appl Microbiol 2022; 45:126325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2022.126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Ueta M, Hosomi K, Park J, Mizuguchi K, Sotozono C, Kinoshita S, Kunisawa J. Categorization of the Ocular Microbiome in Japanese Stevens-Johnson Syndrome Patients With Severe Ocular Complications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:741654. [PMID: 34869055 PMCID: PMC8640524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.741654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota is involved in a variety of diseases. Our group has noticed that patients with Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) often present with persistent inflammation of the ocular surface, even in the chronic stage, and that this inflammation is exacerbated by colonization of the mucosa by certain bacteria. However, the changes in the composition of the ocular microbiome in SJS/TEN patients with severe ocular complications (SOCs) remain to be fully investigated. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 46 Japanese subjects comprising 9 healthy control subjects and 37 SJS/TEN patients with SOC. The 16S rRNA-based genetic analyses revealed that the diversity of the ocular microbiome was reduced in SJS/TEN patients with SOC compared with that in healthy control subjects. Principal coordinate analysis based on Bray–Curtis distance at the genus level revealed that the relative composition of the ocular microbiome was different in healthy control subjects and SJS/TEN patients with SOC, and that the SJS/TEN patients with SOC could be divided into four groups based on whether their microbiome was characterized by enrichment of species in genus Corynebacterium 1, Neisseriaceae uncultured, or Staphylococcus or by simultaneous enrichment in species in genera Propionibacterium, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Lawsonella, and Serratia. Collectively, our findings indicate that enrichment of certain bacteria at the ocular surface could be associated with ocular surface inflammation in SJS/TEN patients with SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jonguk Park
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Ibaraki, Japan.,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccines, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Jadi PK, Sharma P, Bhogapurapu B, Roy S. Alternative Therapeutic Interventions: Antimicrobial Peptides and Small Molecules to Treat Microbial Keratitis. Front Chem 2021; 9:694998. [PMID: 34458234 PMCID: PMC8386189 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.694998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial keratitis is a leading cause of blindness worldwide and results in unilateral vision loss in an estimated 2 million people per year. Bacteria and fungus are two main etiological agents that cause corneal ulcers. Although antibiotics and antifungals are commonly used to treat corneal infections, a clear trend with increasing resistance to these antimicrobials is emerging at rapid pace. Extensive research has been carried out to determine alternative therapeutic interventions, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are increasingly recognized for their clinical potential in treating infections. Small molecules targeted against virulence factors of the pathogens and natural compounds are also explored to meet the challenges and growing demand for therapeutic agents. Here we review the potential of AMPs, small molecules, and natural compounds as alternative therapeutic interventions for the treatment of corneal infections to combat antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, we have also discussed about the different formats of drug delivery systems for optimal administration of drugs to treat microbial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Jadi
- Prof, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Prerana Sharma
- Prof, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Bharathi Bhogapurapu
- Prof, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sanhita Roy
- Prof, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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18
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The effect of topical ocular moxifloxacin on conjunctival and nasal mucosal flora. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13782. [PMID: 34215812 PMCID: PMC8253760 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the short-term effect of topically administered ocular moxifloxacin on conjunctival and nasal bacterial mucosal flora. The study included 20 patients with newly diagnosed age-related macular degeneration. Each patient’s diseased eye was selected as the treatment eye and the fellow eye was selected as the control eye. All treatment eyes constituted the treatment group and all controls eyes constituted the control group. All patients received intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. Cultures were obtained from the inferior conjunctival fornix and the nostrils in all patients. Patients were instructed to administer moxifloxacin eye drops to the treatment eye 4 times daily for 1 week. The patients were instructed to come for a follow-up exam 1 week post intravitreal injection. The bacterial culture positivity rate and the bacteria isolated from the conjunctiva and nostrils were recorded in the 2 groups before and after use of topical ocular moxifloxacin. Mean age of the patients (12 female and 8 male) was 64.9 years. Before use of topical ocular moxifloxacin the conjunctival and nasal culture positivity rates in the treatment group were both 100%, versus 90% and 95%, respectively, in the control group. At the follow-up exam the conjunctival and nasal mucosa culture positivity rates in the treatment group decreased to 20% (4/20) and 30% (6/20), respectively (P < 0.001), versus 85% (17/20) and 80% (16/20), respectively, in the control group (P = 0.68 and P = 0.72 for conjunctival and nasal). This is the first study to show that moxifloxacin applied to the ocular surface topically has a significant effect on nasal flora. Daily administration of topical ocular moxifloxacin for 1 week significantly reduces the nasal bacterial flora in addition to conjunctival flora.
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