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Andalibi F, Bostanghadiri N, Amirmozafari N, Irajian G, Mirkalantari S. Efficacy and treatment outcome of infected patients with pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii: A systematic review. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100463. [PMID: 39139717 PMCID: PMC11321441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii) is a non-tuberculosis bacterium with a highly prevalent that is transferred by aerosols from water and soil resources to the respiratory system. M. kansasii is one of the main species responsible for NTM pulmonary disease. Methods Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were systematically explored. Relevant articles from 1971 to November 2023 were reviewed. "The inclusion criteria" included patients with M. kansasii infection, treatment follow-up, and treatment outcomes. "The exclusion criteria" were clinical samples from animals, environmental samples, and other laboratory investigations. Results 40 studies, including 1201 patients, were obtained through database search. Using the therapeutic regimens used in different studies, the therapy course for patients with M. kansasii infection ranged from 1 week to 118 months. In this study, the antibiotics prescribed in different treatment regimens for M. kansasii pulmonary infection were as follows: Rifampin, Ethambutol, Isoniazid, Clarithromycin, Streptomycin, and Pyrazinamide. Antibiotic combinations of three or four medicines, including rifampin, ethambutol, and isoniazid with or without streptomycin or pyrazinamide had the most therapeutic effect. Conclusion The initial treatment involves rifampin, ethambutol, isoniazid, and pyridoxine, per the guidelines from the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA). Understanding the treatment plan and its outcomes is crucial for managing and determining the most effective therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Andalibi
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjess Bostanghadiri
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nour Amirmozafari
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Irajian
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Mirkalantari
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Tobias Cudahy PG, Liu PC, Warren JL, Sobkowiak B, Yang C, Ioerger TR, Wu CY, Lu PL, Wang JY, Chang HH, Huang HL, Cohen T, Lin HH. Phylogeographic Analysis of Mycobacterium kansasii Isolates from Patients with M. kansasii Lung Disease in Industrialized City, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:1562-1570. [PMID: 39043390 PMCID: PMC11286038 DOI: 10.3201/eid3008.240021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Little is known about environmental transmission of Mycobacterium kansasii. We retrospectively investigated potential environmental acquisition, primarily water sources, of M. kansasii among 216 patients with pulmonary disease from an industrial city in Taiwan during 2015-2017. We analyzed sputum mycobacterial cultures using whole-genome sequencing and used hierarchical Bayesian spatial network methods to evaluate risk factors for genetic relatedness of M. kansasii strains. The mean age of participants was 67 years; 24.1% had previously had tuberculosis. We found that persons from districts served by 2 water purification plants were at higher risk of being infected with genetically related M. kansasii isolates. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.81 (1.25-2.60) for the Weng Park plant and 1.39 (1.12-1.71) for the Fongshan plant. Those findings unveiled the association between water purification plants and M. kansasii pulmonary disease, highlighting the need for further environmental investigations to evaluate the risk for M. kansasii transmission.
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3
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Machado E, Vasconcellos S, Gomes L, Catanho M, Ramos J, de Carvalho L, Goldenberg T, Redner P, Caldas P, Campos C, Dalcolmo M, Lourenço MC, Lasunskaia E, Mussi V, Spinassé L, Vinhas S, Rigouts L, Cogneau S, de Rijk P, Utpatel C, Kaustova J, van der Laan T, de Neeling H, Rastogi N, Levina K, Kütt M, Mokrousov I, Zhuravlev V, Makhado N, Žolnir-Dovč M, Jankovic V, de Waard J, Sisco MC, van Soolingen D, Niemann S, de Jong BC, Meehan CJ, Suffys P. Phylogenomic and genomic analysis reveals unique and shared genetic signatures of Mycobacterium kansasii complex species. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001266. [PMID: 39016539 PMCID: PMC11316565 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Species belonging to the Mycobacterium kansasii complex (MKC) are frequently isolated from humans and the environment and can cause serious diseases. The most common MKC infections are caused by the species M. kansasii (sensu stricto), leading to tuberculosis-like disease. However, a broad spectrum of virulence, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity of these non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are observed across the MKC. Many genomic aspects of the MKC that relate to these broad phenotypes are not well elucidated. Here, we performed genomic analyses from a collection of 665 MKC strains, isolated from environmental, animal and human sources. We inferred the MKC pangenome, mobilome, resistome, virulome and defence systems and show that the MKC species harbours unique and shared genomic signatures. High frequency of presence of prophages and different types of defence systems were observed. We found that the M. kansasii species splits into four lineages, of which three are lowly represented and mainly in Brazil, while one lineage is dominant and globally spread. Moreover, we show that four sub-lineages of this most distributed M. kansasii lineage emerged during the twentieth century. Further analysis of the M. kansasii genomes revealed almost 300 regions of difference contributing to genomic diversity, as well as fixed mutations that may explain the M. kansasii's increased virulence and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Machado
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sidra Vasconcellos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jesus Ramos
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Telma Goldenberg
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Redner
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caldas
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos Campos
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Tuberculose, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Margareth Dalcolmo
- Serviço de Pesquisa Clínica, Centro de Referência Professor Hélio Fraga, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Lourenço
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia e Bioensaios, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elena Lasunskaia
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Mussi
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lizania Spinassé
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Solange Vinhas
- Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Leen Rigouts
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sari Cogneau
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pim de Rijk
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christian Utpatel
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jarmila Kaustova
- Department of Diagnostic Mycobacterioses, Regional Institute of Public Health, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Tridia van der Laan
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Han de Neeling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nalin Rastogi
- TB and Mycobacteria Unit, Institut Pasteur de Guadeloupe, Guadeloupe, France
| | - Klavdia Levina
- Mycobacteriology Section of Microbiology Laboratory, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marge Kütt
- Mycobacteriology Section of Microbiology Laboratory, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Zhuravlev
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ndivhu Makhado
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Microbiological Pathology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service, Dr George Mukhari Tertiary Laboratory, Medical Microbiology, Pretoria, South Africa
- Global Institute of Health, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Manca Žolnir-Dovč
- National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Vera Jankovic
- Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jacobus de Waard
- Tuberculosis Department. Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maria Carolina Sisco
- Tuberculosis Department. Servicio Autónomo Instituto de Biomedicina Dr. Jacinto Convit, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Dick van Soolingen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Bouke C. de Jong
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Conor J. Meehan
- Unit of Mycobacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip Suffys
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Aplicada a Micobactérias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zhang Y, Sun R, Yu C, Li J, Lin H, Huang J, Wang Y, Shen X, Jiang Y, Yang C, Xu B. Spatial Heterogeneity of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease in Shanghai: Insights from a Ten-Year Population-Based Study. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 143:107001. [PMID: 38461931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the spatial heterogeneity of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) in Shanghai. METHODS A population-based retrospective study was conducted using presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis surveillance data of Shanghai between 2010 and 2019. The study described the spatial distribution of NTM-PD notification rates, employing hierarchical Bayesian mapping for high-risk areas and the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic to identify hot spots and explore associated factors. RESULTS Of 1652 NTM-PD cases, the most common species was Mycobacterium kansasii complex (MKC) (41.9%), followed by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) (27.1%) and Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) (16.2%). MKC-PD patients were generally younger males with a higher incidence of pulmonary cavities, while MAC-PD patients were more often farmers or had a history of tuberculosis treatment. MKC-PD hot spots were primarily located in the areas alongside the Huangpu River, while MAC-PD hot spots were mainly in the western agricultural areas. Patients with MKC-PD and MAC-PD exhibited a higher risk of spatial clustering compared to those with MABC-PD. CONCLUSIONS Different types of NTM-PD exhibit distinct patterns of spatial clustering and are associated with various factors. These findings underscore the importance of environmental and host factors in the epidemic of NTM-PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China; Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chenlei Yu
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Honghua Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China; Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xin Shen
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, P. R. China; Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chongguang Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, P. R. China; Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
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5
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Orgeur M, Sous C, Madacki J, Brosch R. Evolution and emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae006. [PMID: 38365982 PMCID: PMC10906988 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in human history, prevailing even in the 21st century. The causative agents of TB are represented by a group of closely related bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which can be subdivided into several lineages of human- and animal-adapted strains, thought to have shared a last common ancestor emerged by clonal expansion from a pool of recombinogenic Mycobacterium canettii-like tubercle bacilli. A better understanding of how MTBC populations evolved from less virulent mycobacteria may allow for discovering improved TB control strategies and future epidemiologic trends. In this review, we highlight new insights into the evolution of mycobacteria at the genus level, describing different milestones in the evolution of mycobacteria, with a focus on the genomic events that have likely enabled the emergence and the dominance of the MTBC. We also review the recent literature describing the various MTBC lineages and highlight their particularities and differences with a focus on host preferences and geographic distribution. Finally, we discuss on putative mechanisms driving the evolution of tubercle bacilli and mycobacteria in general, by taking the mycobacteria-specific distributive conjugal transfer as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Orgeur
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camille Sous
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jan Madacki
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 2000, Unit for Human Evolutionary Genetics, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Roland Brosch
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 6047, Unit for Integrated Mycobacterial Pathogenomics, 75015 Paris, France
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Brenner E, Sreevatsan S. Cold Cas: reevaluating the occurrence of CRISPR/Cas systems in Mycobacteriaceae. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1204838. [PMID: 37440893 PMCID: PMC10333696 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial CRISPR/Cas systems target foreign genetic elements such as phages and regulate gene expression by some pathogens, even in the host. The system is a marker for evolutionary history and has been used for inferences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis for 30 years. However, knowledge about mycobacterial CRISPR/Cas systems remains limited. It is believed that Type III-A Cas systems are exclusive to Mycobacterium canettii and the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) of organisms and that very few of the >200 diverse species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) possess any CRISPR/Cas system. This study sought unreported CRISPR/Cas loci across NTM to better understand mycobacterial evolution, particularly in species phylogenetically near the MTBC. An analysis of available mycobacterial genomes revealed that Cas systems are widespread across Mycobacteriaceae and that some species contain multiple types. The phylogeny of Cas loci shows scattered presence in many NTM, with variation even within species, suggesting gains/losses of these loci occur frequently. Cas Type III-A systems were identified in pathogenic Mycobacterium heckeshornense and the geological environmental isolate Mycobacterium SM1. In summary, mycobacterial CRISPR/Cas systems are numerous, Type III-A systems are unreliable as markers for MTBC evolution, and mycobacterial horizontal gene transfer appears to be a frequent source of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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7
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Fernández-Veiga L, Fuertes M, Geijo MV, Pérez de Val B, Vidal E, Michelet L, Boschiroli ML, Gómez-Buendía A, Bezos J, Jones GJ, Vordermeier M, Juste RA, Garrido JM, Sevilla IA. Differences in skin test reactions to official and defined antigens in guinea pigs exposed to non-tuberculous and tuberculous bacteria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2936. [PMID: 36806813 PMCID: PMC9941491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30147-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT) are official in vivo tests for bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis using bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPD-B and PPD-A). Infection with bacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) can result in nonspecific reactions to these tests. We evaluated the performance of the skin test with PPDs and new defined antigens in the guinea pig model. A standard dose (SD) of Rhodococcus equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum, M. persicum, M. microti, M. caprae and M. bovis, and a higher dose (HD) of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis were tested using PPD-B, PPD-A, P22, ESAT-6-CFP-10-Rv3615c peptide cocktail long (PCL) and fusion protein (FP). The SD of R. equi, Nocardia sp., M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis did not cause any reactions. The HD of M. nonchromogenicum, M. monacense, M. intracellulare, and M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and the SD of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, M. scrofulaceum and M. persicum, caused nonspecific reactions (SIT). A CITT interpretation would have considered M. avium complex and M. scrofulaceum groups negative, but not all individuals from M. nonchromogenicum HD, M. monacense HD and M. persicum SD groups. Only animals exposed to M. bovis and M. caprae reacted to PCL and FP. These results support the advantage of complementing or replacing PPD-B to improve specificity without losing sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Fernández-Veiga
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Miguel Fuertes
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - María V. Geijo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Bernat Pérez de Val
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625IRTA, Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain ,grid.7080.f0000 0001 2296 0625Unitat Mixta d’investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, CReSA, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia Spain
| | - Lorraine Michelet
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - María Laura Boschiroli
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité Zoonoses Bactériennes, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du Travail (ANSES), Université Paris-Est, 94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alberto Gómez-Buendía
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain ,grid.4795.f0000 0001 2157 7667Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gareth J. Jones
- grid.422685.f0000 0004 1765 422XDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Surrey, KT15 3NB UK
| | - Martin Vordermeier
- grid.422685.f0000 0004 1765 422XDepartment of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), Surrey, KT15 3NB UK
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
| | - Iker A. Sevilla
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia Spain
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8
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A Polymorphic Gene within the Mycobacterium smegmatis esx1 Locus Determines Mycobacterial Self-Identity and Conjugal Compatibility. mBio 2022; 13:e0021322. [PMID: 35297678 PMCID: PMC9040860 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00213-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria mediate horizontal gene transfer (HGT) by a process called distributive conjugal transfer (DCT) that is mechanistically distinct from oriT-mediated plasmid transfer. The transfer of multiple, independent donor chromosome segments generates transconjugants with genomes that are mosaic blends of their parents. Previously, we had characterized contact-dependent conjugation between two independent isolates of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Here, we expand our analyses to include five independent isolates of M. smegmatis and establish that DCT is both active and prevalent among natural isolates of M. smegmatis. Two of these five strains were recipients but exhibited distinct conjugal compatibilities with donor strains, suggesting an ability to distinguish between potential donor partners. We determined that a single gene, Msmeg0070, was responsible for conferring mating compatibility using a combination of comparative DNA sequence analysis, bacterial genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and targeted mutagenesis. Msmeg0070 maps within the esx1 secretion locus, and we establish that it confers mycobacterial self-identity with parallels to kin recognition. Similar to other kin model systems, orthologs of Msmeg0070 are highly polymorphic. The identification of a kin recognition system in M. smegmatis reinforces the concept that communication between cells is an important checkpoint prior to DCT commitment and implies that there are likely to be other, unanticipated forms of social behaviors in mycobacteria. IMPORTANCE Conjugation, unlike other forms of HGT, requires direct interaction between two viable bacteria, which must be capable of distinguishing between mating types to allow successful DNA transfer from donor to recipient. We show that the conjugal compatibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis isolates is determined by a single, polymorphic gene located within the conserved esx1 secretion locus. This gene confers self-identity; the expression of identical Msmeg0070 proteins in both donor-recipient partners prevents DNA transfer. The presence of this polymorphic locus in many environmental mycobacteria suggests that kin identification is important in promoting beneficial gene flow between nonkin mycobacteria. Cell-cell communication, mediated by kin recognition and ESX secretion, is a key checkpoint in mycobacterial conjugation and likely plays a more global role in mycobacterial biology.
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Mussi VO, Simão TLBV, Almeida FM, Machado E, de Carvalho LD, Calixto SD, Sales GAM, Carvalho ECQ, Vasconcellos SEG, Catanho M, Suffys PN, Lasunskaia EB. A Murine Model of Mycobacterium kansasii Infection Reproducing Necrotic Lung Pathology Reveals Considerable Heterogeneity in Virulence of Clinical Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718477. [PMID: 34504483 PMCID: PMC8422904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Among non-tuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacterium kansasii is one of the most pathogenic, able to cause pulmonary disease indistinguishable from tuberculosis in immunocompetent susceptible adults. The lack of animal models that reproduce human-like lung disease, associated with the necrotic lung pathology, impairs studies of M. kansasii virulence and pathogenicity. In this study, we examined the ability of the C57BL/6 mice, intratracheally infected with highly virulent M. kansasii strains, to produce a chronic infection and necrotic lung pathology. As a first approach, we evaluated ten M. kansasii strains isolated from Brazilian patients with pulmonary disease and the reference strain M. kansasii ATCC 12478 for virulence-associated features in macrophages infected in vitro; five of these strains differing in virulence were selected for in vivo analysis. Highly virulent isolates induced progressive lung disease in mice, forming large encapsulated caseous granulomas in later stages (120–150 days post-infection), while the low-virulent strain was cleared from the lungs by day 40. Two strains demonstrated increased virulence, causing premature death in the infected animals. These data demonstrate that C57BL/6 mice are an excellent candidate to investigate the virulence of M. kansasii isolates. We observed considerable heterogeneity in the virulence profile of these strains, in which the presence of highly virulent strains allowed us to establish a clinically relevant animal model. Comparing public genomic data between Brazilian isolates and isolates from other geographic regions worldwide demonstrated that at least some of the highly pathogenic strains isolated in Brazil display remarkable genomic similarities with the ATCC strain 12478 isolated in the United States 70 years ago (less than 100 SNPs of difference), as well as with some recent European clinical isolates. These data suggest that few pathogenic clones have been widely spread within M. kansasii population around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius O Mussi
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Thatiana L B V Simão
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Fabrício M Almeida
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Edson Machado
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana D de Carvalho
- National Reference Laboratory for Tuberculosis, Reference Center Professor Helio Fraga, National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sanderson D Calixto
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A M Sales
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Eulógio C Q Carvalho
- Laboratory of Animal Morphology and Pathology, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
| | - Sidra E G Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philip N Suffys
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology Applied to Mycobacteria, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elena B Lasunskaia
- Laboratory of Biology of Recognition, State University of North Fluminense, Campos, Brazil
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