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Kim HJ, Kim DG, Kang SH, Choi H, Go SW, Kim DK, Myung JH, Park JH, Soh JR, Kim SK, Hong SW, Kang M, Park ES, Park I, Kang J, Kwon HJ, Jin JS. Lactobacillus plantarum LPYC225 mixture partially modulates the vaginal bacterial community of Gardnerella vaginalis-infected bacterial vaginosis in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:2233-2242. [PMID: 39130651 PMCID: PMC11315855 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-024-01641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is defined as dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome associated with the depletion of Lactobacilli and excessive growth of commensal or pathogenic bacteria. This study investigated the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) mixture (LM; InoRexyne™) on the vaginal bacterial community of Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis)-infected BV mice. Single LAB and LM exhibited antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting G. vaginalis growth and pro-inflammatory markers in RAW 264.7 cells. Administering LM did not significantly alter the vaginal architecture or fecal short-chain fatty acids but did significantly inhibit the vaginal interleukin-6 levels in the high LM group compared to the GV group. LM administration decreased the relative abundances of Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides vulgatus in vaginal flushing fluids compared to the GV group. LM partially alleviated BV by inhibiting G. vaginalis growth and modulating the vaginal bacterial community, providing new insights into its modulatory effects on the vaginal microbiome in BV. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-024-01641-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Present Address: Miran Kang-Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gu Kim
- Departments of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan, 47340 Republic of Korea
| | - Sa-Haeng Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonsung Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Go
- Department of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Keun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hun Myung
- Department of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyang Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Ryoun Soh
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Wook Hong
- Present Address: Miran Kang-Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Kang
- Present Address: Miran Kang-Kimchi Industry Promotion Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ilbum Park
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07335 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsoo Kang
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07335 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Ju Kwon
- Yuhan Care Co., Ltd., Seoul, 07335 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79, Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Chen T. Simultaneous application of oral and intravaginal probiotics for Helicobacter pylori and its antibiotic-therapy-induced vaginal dysbacteriosis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:49. [PMID: 38902244 PMCID: PMC11190290 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent bacterial pathogen globally, implicated in various gastrointestinal disorders. Current recommended antibiotic therapies for H. pylori infection have been proven to be therapeutically insufficient, with low eradication rates and high recurrence rates. Emerging evidence suggests that antibiotic therapy for H. pylori can lead to gastrointestinal and subsequent vaginal dysbiosis, posing challenges for conventional antibiotic approaches. Thus, this article proposes a novel probiotic therapy involving simultaneous oral and intra-vaginal probiotic administration alongside antibiotics for H. pylori treatment, aiming to enhance eradication rates and mitigate dysbiosis. We begin by providing an overview of gastrointestinal and vaginal microbiota and their interconnectedness through the vagina-gut axis. We then review the efficacy of current antibiotic regimens for H. pylori and discuss how antibiotic treatment impacts the vaginal microenvironment. To explore the feasibility of this approach, we evaluate the effectiveness of oral and intra-vaginal probiotics in restoring normal microbiota in the gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts, respectively. Additionally, we analyze the direct mechanisms by which oral and intra-vaginal probiotics act on their respective tracts and discuss potential cross-tract mechanisms. Considering the potential synergistic therapeutic effects of probiotics in both the gastrointestinal and vaginal tracts, dual-channel probiotic therapy holds promise as a more effective approach for H. pylori eradication and dysbiosis mitigation, presenting a novel concept in the collaborative treatment of gastrointestinal and genital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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3
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Gao M, Manos J, Whiteley G, Zablotska-Manos I. Antibiofilm Agents for the Treatment and Prevention of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Systematic Narrative Review. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae134. [PMID: 38680027 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is difficult to eradicate due to BV biofilms protecting BV bacteria (Gardnerella, Prevotella, and other genera). With the growing understanding of biofilms, we systematically reviewed the current knowledge on the efficacy of anti-BV biofilm agents. METHODS We searched literature in the Scopus, Medline, and Embase databases for empirical studies investigating substances for the treatment of BV biofilms or prevention of their recurrence and their efficacy and/or safety. RESULTS Of 201 unique titles, 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Most studies (89%) reported on preclinical laboratory research on the efficacy of experimental antibiofilm agents (80%) rather than their safety. Over 50% were published within the past 5 years. Agents were classified into 7 groups: antibiotics, antiseptics, cationic peptides, enzymes, plant extracts, probiotics, and surfactants/surfactant components. Enzymes and probiotics were most commonly investigated. Earlier reports of antibiotics having anti-BV biofilm activity have not been confirmed. Some compounds from other classes demonstrated promising anti-BV biofilm efficacy in early studies. CONCLUSIONS Further research is anticipated on successful antibiofilm agents. If confirmed as effective and safe in human clinical trials, they may offer a breakthrough in BV treatment. With rising antibiotic resistance, antibiofilm agents will significantly improve the current standard of care for BV management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gao
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Manos
- Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
| | - Greg Whiteley
- Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Whiteley Corporation, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iryna Zablotska-Manos
- Sydney Institute of Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Westmead Clinical School, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Western Sydney Sexual Health Centre, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
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Song J, Dong X, Lan Y, Lu Y, Liu X, Kang X, Huang Z, Yue B, Liu Y, Ma W, Zhang L, Yan H, He M, Fan Z, Guo T. Interpretation of vaginal metagenomic characteristics in different types of vaginitis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0137723. [PMID: 38364107 PMCID: PMC10949516 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01377-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although vaginitis is closely related to vaginal microecology in females, the precise composition and functional potential of different types of vaginitis remain unclear. Here, metagenomic sequencing was applied to analyze the vaginal flora in patients with various forms of vaginitis, including cases with a clue cell proportion ranging from 1% to 20% (Clue1_20), bacterial vaginitis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV combined with VVC (VVC_BV). Our results identified Prevotella as an important biomarker between BV and Clue1_20. Moreover, a gradual decrease was observed in the relative abundance of shikimic acid metabolism associated with bacteria producing indole as well as a decline in the abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis in patients with BV, Clue1_20, and healthy women. Interestingly, the vaginal flora of patients in the VVC_BV group exhibited structural similarities to that of the VVC group, and its potentially functional characteristics resembled those of the BV and VVC groups. Finally, Lactobacillus crispatus was found in high abundance in healthy samples, greatly contributing to the stability of the vaginal environment. For the further study of L. crispatus, we isolated five strains of L. crispatus from healthy samples and evaluated their capacity to inhibit G. vaginalis biofilms and produce lactic acid in vitro to select the potential probiotic candidate for improving vaginitis in future clinical studies. Overall, we successfully identified bacterial biomarkers of different vaginitis and characterized the dynamic shifts in vaginal flora between patients with BV and healthy females. This research advances our understanding and holds great promise in enhancing clinical approaches for the treatment of vaginitis. IMPORTANCE Vaginitis is one of the most common gynecological diseases, mostly caused by infections of pathogens such as Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis. In recent years, it has been found that the stability of the vaginal flora plays an important role in vaginitis. Furthermore, the abundant Lactobacillus-producing rich lactic acid in the vagina provides a healthy acidic environment such as Lactobacillus crispatus. The metabolites of Lactobacillus can inhibit the colonization of pathogens. Here, we collected the vaginal samples of patients with bacterial vaginitis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and BV combined with VVC to discover the differences and relationships among the different kinds of vaginitis by metagenomic sequencing. Furthermore, because of the importance of L. crispatus in promoting vaginal health, we isolated multiple strains from vaginal samples of healthy females and chose the most promising strain with potential probiotic benefits to provide clinical implications for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Song
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuena Kang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonglu Huang
- Meishan Women and Children’s Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Libo Zhang
- Renshou County People’s Hospital, Renshou, Sichuan, China
| | - Haijun Yan
- Meishan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Miao He
- Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Netto de Oliveira da Cunha C, Rodeghiero Collares S, Carvalho Rodrigues D, Walcher DL, Quintana de Moura M, Rodrigues Martins LH, Baracy Klafke G, de Oliveira Arias JL, Carapelli R, do Santos Espinelli Junior JB, Scaini CJ, Farias da Costa de Avila L. The larvicidal effect of the supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on Toxocara canis. Exp Parasitol 2024; 258:108720. [PMID: 38367945 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Human toxocariasis is a parasitic anthropozoonosis that is difficult to treat and control. A previous study carried out with Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 revealed that the cell free supernatant (CFS) of this probiotic killed 100% of Toxocara canis larvae in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the CFS of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356, which may be involved in its larvicidal effects on T. canis. L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 was cultured, and lactic and acetic acids present in the CFS were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The levels of pH and H2O2 were also analyzed. To assess the larvicidal effect of the CFS, this was tested pure and diluted (1:2 to 1:128) on T. canis larvae. High concentrations of lactic and acetic acids were detected in the CFS. The acidity of the pure CFS was observed at pH 3.8, remaining acidic at dilutions of 1:2 to 1:16. Regarding the in vitro larvicidal effect, 100% death of T. canis larvae was observed using the pure CFS and 1:2 dilution. Based on these results, it can be inferred that the presence of higher concentrations of organic acids and low pH of the medium contributed to the larvicidal activity of the CFS of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. In addition, the maintenance of the larvicidal effect, even after dilution, suggests a greater chance of the larvicidal effect of this CFS against T. canis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Netto de Oliveira da Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Débora Carvalho Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Débora Liliane Walcher
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Micaele Quintana de Moura
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Helena Rodrigues Martins
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Baracy Klafke
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas de Oliveira Arias
- Integrated Analysis Center, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Av. Italia, Km 6 - Campus Carreiros, CEP 96203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Carapelli
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 08 - Campus Carreiros, CEP 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Batista do Santos Espinelli Junior
- School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande, Avenida Itália, Km 08 - Campus Carreiros, CEP 96.203-900, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos James Scaini
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciana Farias da Costa de Avila
- Faculty of Medicine (FAMED)/Parasitology Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande, General Osório, S/N, CEP 96200-190, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Liu P, Lu Y, Li R, Chen X. Use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of vaginal infections: In vitro and in vivo investigations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1153894. [PMID: 37077531 PMCID: PMC10106725 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1153894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is a distinct component of the human microbiome that is colonized by a wide variety of microorganisms. Lactobacilli are the most frequently identified microorganisms in the healthy human vagina. These Gram-positive bacilli can acidify the vaginal microenvironment, inhibit the proliferation of other pathogenic microorganisms, and promote the maintenance of a eubiotic vaginal microbiome. However, a vaginal flora with a reduced proportion or abundance of lactobacilli is associated with various vaginal infections that have been linked to serious health consequences such as infertility, preterm birth, pelvic inflammatory disease, premature rupture of membranes, and miscarriage. Due to their “Generally Recognized as Safe” classification and critical role in vaginal health, probiotic lactobacilli have been widely used as an alternative or adjunct to traditional antibiotic therapy for the treatment of vaginal infections and restoration of the vaginal microbiome. This review focuses on the significant role of probiotic lactobacilli in the vaginal microenvironment and discusses the use of probiotic lactobacilli in the treatment of female vaginal infections in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rongguo Li
- *Correspondence: Rongguo Li, ; Xiaodi Chen,
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Kim JY, Moon EC, Kim JY, Kim HJ, Heo K, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 ameliorates bacterial vaginosis by inhibiting biofilm formation and epithelial cell adhesion of Gardnerella vaginalis. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:507-515. [PMID: 36911333 PMCID: PMC9992491 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by a microbial imbalance in the vaginal ecosystem, which causes genital discomfort and a variety of potential complications in women. This study validated the potential of Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 as a probiotic to benefit vaginal health. In vivo, HY7801 reduced the number of Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the vagina of GV-induced BV mice and ameliorated vaginal histological changes. In vitro, HY7801 exhibited positive resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, showed excellent adherence ability to the female genital epithelium, and had high lactic acid and H2O2 production capacity. Furthermore, it was found that HY7801 can alleviate BV because it can suppress the expression of virulence factor genes of GV involved in epithelial cell adhesion and biofilm formation along with antibacterial activity against GV. These results indicate that HY7801 can be used as a promising probiotic strain for the maintenance of a healthy vaginal physiological state. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01208-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yun Kim
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Chae Moon
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Kim
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Keon Heo
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jung Shim
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R & BD Center, hy Co. Ltd., 22, Giheungdanji-ro 24beon-gil, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, 17086 Republic of Korea
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8
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Yu J, Peng P, Zhu J, Yao C, Dai H, Mei R. Therapeutic effects of fenticonazole on bacterial vaginosis in mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad119. [PMID: 37960949 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginitis (BV) is a syndrome of increased vaginal discharge, fishy smelling leucorrhea, and itching and burning vulva caused by the microecological imbalance in the vagina induced by mixture of Gardnerella vaginalis (GV) and some anaerobic bacteria. Fenticonazole, an imidazole derivative and antimicrobial compound, has been demonstrated to exert effective therapeutic effects in mixed vaginitis. Accordingly, our study was designed to explore the potential role of fenticonazole in GV-infected BV mouse models. Female C57/BL6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with β-estradiol 3 days before and on the day of GV infection to maintain a pseudoestrus state. On the day of infection, mice were intravaginally inoculated with 20 µl of a suspension of GV (6 × 106 CFU/ml). Fenticonazole was administered as 2% vaginal cream (0.2 mg each mouse) by intravaginal application once a day for 3 days beginning the day of infection. At day 3 postinfection, the mice were sacrificed and vaginal washes were harvested. GV proliferation and Lactobacillus content were calculated in the vaginal lavage. Neutrophil counts in the vaginal lavage were observed through Pap staining. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX2, and NF-κB) levels in vaginal tissues were measured by ELISA and western blotting. Vaginal tissues were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to examine the exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells. GV infection increased GV proliferation and neutrophil counts but reduced Lactobacillus content in the vaginal lavage, as well as enhanced MPO activity, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and the exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells in vaginal tissues of BV mouse models. However, administration of fenticonazole significantly ameliorated the above phenomena. Fenticonazole greatly improves the symptoms of GV-induced BV in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfen Yu
- Department of Gynecology, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 256, Linyin Avenue, Maojian District, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Peiran Peng
- Clinical Medicine Department of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 152 Longquan Street, Tianshan District, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, PR China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 256, Linyin Avenue, Maojian District, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 256, Linyin Avenue, Maojian District, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Hongbo Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 256, Linyin Avenue, Maojian District, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Ru Mei
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Screening, Shiyan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shiyan 442000, Hubei province, PR China
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Jara J, Jurado R, Almendro-Vedia VG, López-Montero I, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM, Orgaz B. Interspecies relationships between nosocomial pathogens associated to preterm infants and lactic acid bacteria in dual-species biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1038253. [PMID: 36325465 PMCID: PMC9618709 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1038253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasogastric enteral feeding tubes (NEFTs) used to feed preterm infants are commonly colonized by bacteria with the ability to form complex biofilms in their inner surfaces. Among them, staphylococci (mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus) and some species belonging to the Family Enterobacteriaceae are of special concern since they can cause nosocomial infections in this population. NETF-associated biofilms can also include lactic acid bacteria (LAB), with the ability to compete with pathogenic species for nutrients and space. Ecological interactions among the main colonizers of these devices have not been explored yet; however, such approach could guide future strategies involving the pre-coating of the inner surfaces of NEFTs with well adapted LAB strains in order to reduce the rates of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In this context, this work implied the formation of dual-species biofilms involving one LAB strain (either Ligilactobacillus salivarius 20SNG2 or Limosilactobacillus reuteri 7SNG3) and one nosocomial strain (either Klebsiella pneumoniae 9SNG3, Serratia marcescens 10SNG3, Staphylococcus aureus 45SNG3 or Staphylococcus epidermidis 46SNG3). The six strains used in this study had been isolated from the inner surface of NEFTs. Changes in adhesion ability of the pathogens were characterized using a culturomic approach. Species interactions and structural changes of the resulting biofilms were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). No aggregation was observed in dual-species biofilms between any of the two LAB strains and either K. pneumoniae 9SNG3 or S. marcescens 10SNG3. In addition, biofilm thickness and volume were reduced, suggesting that both LAB strains can control the capacity to form biofilms of these enterobacteria. In contrast, a positive ecological relationship was observed in the combination L. reuteri 7SNG3-S. aureus 45SNG3. This relationship was accompanied by a stimulation of S. aureus matrix production when compared with its respective monospecies biofilm. The knowledge provided by this study may guide the selection of potentially probiotic strains that share the same niche with nosocomial pathogens, enabling the establishment of a healthier microbial community inside NEFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Jara
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Jurado
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G. Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonides Fernández
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Orgaz
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Chieng WK, Abdul Jalal MI, Bedi JS, Zainuddin AA, Mokhtar MH, Abu MA, Chew KT, Nur Azurah AG. Probiotics, a promising therapy to reduce the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis in women? a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:938838. [PMID: 36204368 PMCID: PMC9530327 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.938838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe evidence for probiotic efficacy in preventing bacterial vaginosis (BV) recurrences among women aged 18 years and above is sparse. We aimed to ascertain the efficacy of probiotics in preventing BV recurrences after at least one menstrual cycle in this population.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid interface), Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, Cochrane Library databases and registries comprised of Open Science Framework (OSF) preprints registry, the ClinicalTrials.gov (USA), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP), International Standard RCT Number (ISRCTN) registry, limited to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in English published between January 2000 and December 2021. The inclusion criteria were trials that administered probiotics to BV-positive women in an experimental arm of at least 20 samples. The usage of probiotics should be preceded with standard antibiotic regimen and followed by a reassessment of BV status after at least a single menstrual cycle. Risk of bias assessment was completed using revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The PROSPERO registration number of the review is CRD42022302044.ResultsFrom 8,162 identified records, we included 10 studies (n = 1,234 participants) for final analysis; 7 trials compared probiotics vs. placebo, whereas 3 trials compared probiotics vs. metronidazole alone. Using random-effects meta-analysis, probiotics were shown to reduce the risk of BV recurrences by 45% compared to either placebo or metronidazole [14.8 vs. 25.5%, RR: 0.55 (95%CI: 0.33, 0.91), p = 0.03, I2 = 45.4% (95%CI: 0, 73.7%)]. Sensitivity analysis revealed the robustness of results upon removal of studies with high risk of bias [RR: 0.54 (95%CI: 0.38, 0.77), p = 0.006] and reporting bias (RR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.39, 0.74, p = 0.002). Meta-regression demonstrated that the route of administration (pvaginal = 0.67; poral = 0.44), the total dosage of probiotics (p = 0.17), cumulative days of probiotic administration (p = 0.76), and the number of species in probiotic preparation (p = 0.40) were not linked to BV recurrences.InterpretationProbiotics were associated with more than twofold reduction in BV recurrences when BV status was assessed after at least 1-month postintervention. Further high-quality and methodologically standardized RCTs should evaluate probiotic efficacy for BV prevention in a diverse community setting.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021290613], identifier [CRD42021290613].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Keong Chieng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Irfan Abdul Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jashveerdeep Singh Bedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Ani Amelia Zainuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Azrai Abu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah Teik Chew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UKM Medical Centre, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah,
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11
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Probiotics: Lactic Acid Bacteria have Antibacterial Activity and Downregulate Biofilm Genes of Uropathogenic E. coli. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are regarded as one of the most serious infections worldwide. Uro Pathogenic E. coli (UPEC) accounts for nearly 80% of UTI infections in females. This study investigated the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (l. acidophilus) and Lactobacillus plantarum (lb. plantarum) on multidrug-resistant E. coli obtained from urine samples. Complete bacteriological identification was conducted on 45 E. coli isolated from 80 urine samples of females with UTIs. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed on all isolates by nine antibiotics. Ten out of the 45 isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR). L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum showed marked inhibition of MDR E. coli isolates on agar by a diffusion method (16 ± 0.04: 23 ± 0.05 mm). Moreover, L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum strains inhibited the ability of UPEC to form a biofilm by 56.3% and 39.63%, respectively. The expression of biofilm genes of E. coli are as follows: csgA, crl, csgD showed remarkable downregulation after treatment with probiotics suspension: 0.00364: 0.19078 fold, 0.0005: 0.1894 fold, and 0.0490: 0.0883 for L. acidophilus, respectively. On the other hand, downregulation of biofilm gene expression for csgA, crl, csgD after treatment with Lb. plantarum suspension were expressed by fold changes as follows: 0.0769: 0.3535 fold, 0.05440: 0.12940 fold, and 0.06745: 0.4146, respectively. These findings show that L. acidophilus and Lb. plantarum exhibit potent antibacterial and antibiofilm action against MDR UPEC at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, and appear to be a promising solution in therapeutic applications for recurrent and persistent UTIs.
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12
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Moon EC, Park MS, Lim T, Kim RH, Ji GE, Kim SY, Hwang KT. Antibacterial effect of cell-free supernatant fraction from Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 against Gardnerella vaginalis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4763. [PMID: 35306534 PMCID: PMC8934363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection in reproductive women, which is characterized by depleted level of lactic acid bacteria and overgrowth of anaerobes such as Gardnerella vaginalis spp. Lactic acid bacteria have been known to be beneficial for amelioration of BV, since they produce antimicrobial substances against G. vaginalis spp. The objectives of this study were to characterize different fractions of cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus paracasei CH88 (LCFS) and investigate antibacterial activity of the LCFS fractions against G. vaginalis in-vitro and in-vivo. Antibacterial activity of the LCFS was stable during thermal treatment up to 120 °C for 30 min and maintained at pH ranging from 3.0 to 13.0 except pH 5.0. Fraction below 3 kDa of the LCFS partially lost its antibacterial activity after treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Precipitated protein fraction below 3 kDa of the LCFS (< 3 kDa LCFSP) inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of G. vaginalis. Treatment of L. paracasei CH88 or the < 3 kDa LCFSP attenuated G. vaginalis-induced BV in mice by inhibiting the growth of G. vaginalis, reducing exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells, and regulating immune response. These results suggest that L. paracasei CH88 may have potential in ameliorating G. vaginalis-induced BV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chae Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Taehwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ryun Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd, Hongcheon, 25117, Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co., Ltd, Hongcheon, 25117, Korea
| | - Keum Taek Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food & Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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13
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Choi SI, Won G, Kim Y, Kang CH, Kim GH. Lactobacilli Strain Mixture Alleviates Bacterial Vaginosis through Antibacterial and Antagonistic Activity in Gardnerella vaginalis-Infected C57BL/6 Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:471. [PMID: 35208925 PMCID: PMC8880492 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-bacterial vaginitis (BV) effects of a mixture of five lactobacilli strains (LM5), containing equal amounts of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MG242, Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG901, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MG989, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei MG4272, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus MG4288), in HeLa cells and Gardnerella vaginalis (GV)-infected BV mice. All strains produced lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and were resistant to nonoxynol-9. LM5 significantly inhibited GV growth by 80%, exhibited good adhesion to HeLa cells, and significantly inhibited GV adhesion to these cells. In GV-infected mice, LM5 administered orally at 5 × 109 CFU/mouse significantly inhibited GV proliferation in the vaginal tract and significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) levels, and nitric oxide levels in vaginal tissue lysates. Histopathological analysis of vaginal tissues revealed that LM5 markedly suppressed the exfoliation of vaginal epithelial cells. Overall, these results suggest that LM5 might alleviate BV by direct antibacterial and antagonistic activity in vaginal tissues of GV-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Im Choi
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (S.-I.C.); (G.W.)
| | - GaYeong Won
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (S.-I.C.); (G.W.)
| | - YongGyeong Kim
- MEDIOGEN, Co., Ltd., Biovalley 1-ro, Jecheon-si 27159, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Chang-Ho Kang
- MEDIOGEN, Co., Ltd., Biovalley 1-ro, Jecheon-si 27159, Korea; (Y.K.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Gun-Hee Kim
- Department of Health Functional New Materials, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea; (S.-I.C.); (G.W.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Korea
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14
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Abou Chacra L, Fenollar F, Diop K. Bacterial Vaginosis: What Do We Currently Know? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:672429. [PMID: 35118003 PMCID: PMC8805710 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.672429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The vaginal microbiome is a well-defined compartment of the human microbiome. It has unique conditions, characterized by the dominance of one bacterial species, the Lactobacilli. This microbiota manifests itself by a low degree of diversity and by a strong dynamic of change in its composition under the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors. The increase in diversity may paradoxically be associated with dysbiosis, such as bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is the result of a disturbance in the vaginal ecosystem; i.e., a sudden replacement of Lactobacilli by anaerobic bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, and others. It is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age, approximately 30% of all causes. The etiology of this dysbiosis remains unknown, but its health consequences are significant, including obstetrical complications, increased risk of sexually transmitted infections and urogenital infections. Its diagnosis is based on Amsel’s clinical criteria and/or a gram stain based on the Nugent score. While both of these methods have been widely applied worldwide for approximately three decades, Nugent score are still considered the “gold standard” of BV diagnostic tools. Given the limitations of these tools, methods based on molecular biology have been developed as alternative rational strategies for the diagnosis of BV. The treatment of BV aims at restoring the balance of the vaginal flora to stop the proliferation of harmful microorganisms. Prescription of antibiotics such as metronidazole, clindamycin, etc. is recommended. Faced with the considerable uncertainty about the cause of BV, the high rate of recurrence, the unacceptable treatment options, and clinical management which is often insensitive and inconsistent, research on this topic is intensifying. Knowledge of its composition and its associated variations represents the key element in improving the therapeutic management of patients with the most suitable treatments possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Abou Chacra
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Khoudia Diop
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Khoudia Diop,
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15
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Bioprospecting Antimicrobials from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: Key Factors Underlying Its Probiotic Action. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112076. [PMID: 34769500 PMCID: PMC8585029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a well-studied and versatile species of lactobacilli. It is found in several niches, including human mucosal surfaces, and it is largely employed in the food industry and boasts a millenary tradition of safe use, sharing a long-lasting relationship with humans. L. plantarum is generally recognised as safe and exhibits a strong probiotic character, so that several strains are commercialised as health-promoting supplements and functional food products. For these reasons, L. plantarum represents a valuable model to gain insight into the nature and mechanisms of antimicrobials as key factors underlying the probiotic action of health-promoting microbes. Probiotic antimicrobials can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut ensuring the intestinal homeostasis and contributing to the host health. Furthermore, they may be attractive alternatives to conventional antibiotics, holding potential in several biomedical applications. The aim of this review is to investigate the most relevant papers published in the last ten years, bioprospecting the antimicrobial activity of characterised probiotic L. plantarum strains. Specifically, it focuses on the different chemical nature, the action spectra and the mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of their antibacterial and antiviral agents. Emerging trends in postbiotics, some in vivo applications of L. plantarum antimicrobials, including strengths and limitations of their therapeutic potential, are addressed and discussed.
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16
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Xiao X, Sun H, Liu X, Guo Z, Zheng S, Xu J, Sun J, Lan Y, Shao C, Sun W. Qualitative and quantitative proteomic and metaproteomic analyses of healthy human urine sediment. Proteomics Clin Appl 2021; 16:e2100007. [PMID: 34687263 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The healthy human urine sediment proteome and metaproteome are investigated, to shed light on the variations of urine sediment proteins and metaproteins associated with sex and age. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Urine sediment samples are collected from 19 healthy subjects. Protein identification and quantification are performed by liquid chromatography coupled high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS A total of 2736 human proteins were identified, which were primarily associated with inflammatory response and energy metabolism. For the metaproteome, 65 genera were identified that were primarily involved in translation and carbohydrate metabolic processes. The median biological coefficient variation of the proteome/metaproteome of human urine sediment was 0.5/0.72, similar to the proteome of human urine supernatant. In addition, sex and age were observed to affect the proteome and metaproteome of healthy human urine sediment. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The healthy human urine sediment were characterized, indicating that urine sediment might represent an alternative resource for disease research in addition to urine supernatant, but the influence of sex and age must be considered in the study design process.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLian Xiao
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Zheng
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiameng Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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