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Pal A, Mann A, den Bakker HC. Analysis of Microbial Composition of Edible Insect Products Available for Human Consumption within the United States Using Traditional Microbiological Methods and Whole Genome Sequencing. J Food Prot 2024; 87:100277. [PMID: 38615992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Edible insects offer a promising protein source for humans, but their food safety risks have not been previously investigated within the United States. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbial content of processed edible insect products. A total of eight different types of edible insect products, including diving beetles, silkworms, grasshoppers, Jamaican crickets, mealworms, mole crickets, whole roasted crickets, and 100% pure cricket powder, were purchased from a large online retailer for the analysis. All the products were purchased in August 2022 and examined between August 2022 and November 2022. Traditional microbiological methods were employed to determine microbial counts for each product type using three replicates (total number of samples = 24). This included assessing aerobic bacterial spore, lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, total viable counts, and the presence of Salmonella. Additionally, whole genome sequencing was employed to further characterize selected colonies (n = 96). Microbial counts data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while sequence data were taxonomically classified using Sepia.Bacilluscereusgroup isolates underwent additional characterization with Btyper3. Product type significantly influenced total viable counts, bacterial spore counts, and lactic acid bacteria counts (P = 0.00391, P = 0.0065, and P < 0.001, respectively), with counts ranging from < 1.70 to 6.01 Log10 CFU/g, <1.70 to 5.25 Log10 CFU/g, and < 1.70 to 4.86 Log10 CFU/g, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae were only detected in mole crickets (<2.30 Log10 CFU/g) and house cricket powder (<2.15 Log10 CFU/g). All samples were negative for Salmonella. Whole genome sequencing revealed the presence of 12 different bacterial genera among the analyzed isolates, with a majority belonging to the Bacillus genus. Some of the isolates of Bacillus cereus group were identified as biovar Emeticus. Overall, although edible insects offer a promising food alternative, the presence of Bacillus cereus group in some products could raise concerns regarding food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Pal
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Amy Mann
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Henk C den Bakker
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA.
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Kilonzi JM, Otieno S. Degradation kinetics and physiological studies of organophosphates degrading microorganisms for soil bioremediation. STRESS BIOLOGY 2024; 4:11. [PMID: 38319394 PMCID: PMC10847075 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate compounds are widely used in agricultural activities to optimize food production. Contamination of field soil by these compounds may result in detrimental effects on soil biota. The aim of the present study was to isolate microorganisms from field soils and evaluate the strains on ability to degrade organophosphates as single isolate and as a consortium. Isolated strains were identified using both biochemical and molecular techniques. Results revealed that, out of the 46 isolated strains, three isolates herein referred to as S6, S36 and S37 showed an average diazinon degradation rate of 76.4%, 76.7% and 76.8% respectively, of the initial dose (50 ppm) within 11 days of incubation in mineral medium. Notably, isolates S36 and S37 were more effective than S6 in degrading diazinon by 40% in soil aliquot after 11 days and therefore were evaluated on biochemical reactions and molecular identification. The isolates showed variable biochemical characteristics. However, both isolates possessed catalase enzyme, but lacked oxidase enzyme. Molecular characterization showed that, the closest species for S36 and S37 were Priestia megaterium and P. arybattia, respectively, based on 16S rRNA gene similarity (> 99%). Combination of the strains increased diazinon degradation ability by 45% compared to single strain treatment. Chlorpyrifos was the most highly degraded organophosphate, compared to phorate and cadusafos. Therefore it is expected that the pesticide-degrading bacteria could be a solution to soil health improvement and contribution to the production of safe agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kilonzi
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Tigoni, Limuru, P.O BOX 338-0217, Kenya.
| | - S Otieno
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization Tigoni, Limuru, P.O BOX 338-0217, Kenya
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Wu D, Wang W, Yao Y, Li H, Wang Q, Niu B. Microbial interactions within beneficial consortia promote soil health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165801. [PMID: 37499809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
By ecologically interacting with various biotic and abiotic agents acting in soil ecosystems, highly diverse soil microorganisms establish complex and stable assemblages and survive in a community context in natural settings. Besides facilitating soil microbiome to maintain great levels of population homeostasis, such microbial interactions drive soil microbes to function as the major engine of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling. It is verified that the regulative effect of microbe-microbe interplay plays an instrumental role in microbial-mediated promotion of soil health, including bioremediation of soil pollutants and biocontrol of soil-borne phytopathogens, which is considered an environmentally friendly strategy for ensuring the healthy condition of soils. Specifically, in microbial consortia, it has been proven that microorganism-microorganism interactions are involved in enhancing the soil health-promoting effectiveness (i.e., efficacies of pollution reduction and disease inhibition) of the beneficial microbes, here defined as soil health-promoting agents. These microbial interactions can positively regulate the soil health-enhancing effect by supporting those soil health-promoting agents utilized in combination, as multi-strain soil health-promoting agents, to overcome three main obstacles: inadequate soil colonization, insufficient soil contaminant eradication and inefficient soil-borne pathogen suppression, all of which can restrict their probiotic functionality. Yet the mechanisms underlying such beneficial interaction-related adjustments and how to efficiently assemble soil health-enhancing consortia with the guidance of microbe-microbe communications remain incompletely understood. In this review, we focus on bacterial and fungal soil health-promoting agents to summarize current research progress on the utilization of multi-strain soil health-promoting agents in the control of soil pollution and soil-borne plant diseases. We discuss potential microbial interaction-relevant mechanisms deployed by the probiotic microorganisms to upgrade their functions in managing soil health. We emphasize the interplay-related factors that should be taken into account when building soil health-promoting consortia, and propose a workflow for assembling them by employing a reductionist synthetic community approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weixiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; The Center for Basic Forestry Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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Huang M, Chen L, Ma J, Mo J, He L, Liang Q, Peng G, Tan Z. Biological functions of endophytic bacteria in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen '. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128727. [PMID: 37621396 PMCID: PMC10446884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Endophytes and their host plants have co-evolved for a very long time. This relationship has led to the general recognition of endophytes as a particular class of microbial resources. R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' is drought- and barren-resistant species that can be grown in both the north and south of China, efficiently addresses the ecological issues caused by China's 'southern eucalyptus and northern poplar. Up to date, cultured-dependent studies are available for the R. pseudoacacia nitrogen-fixing and other endophytes. Therefore, the present research studied the R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen,' microbiome in detail by high-throughput sequencing and culture dependant. Methods This study examined microbial species and functional diversity in Robinia pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' using culture-dependent (isolation) and culture-independent techniques. Results A total of 210 isolates were isolated from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen.' These isolates were clustered into 16 groups by the In Situ PCR (IS-PCR) fingerprinting patterns. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the representative strain of each group revealed that these groups belonged to 16 species of 8 genera, demonstrating the diversity of endophytes in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen'. 'Bacillus is the most prevalent genus among all the endophytic bacteria. High-throughput sequencing of endophytic bacteria from R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' of the plant and the rhizosphere soil bacteria showed that the bacterial populations of soil near the root, leaf, and rhizosphere differed significantly. The microbial abundance decreased in the endophytes as compared to the rhizosphere. We observed a similar community structure of roots and leaves. With and without root nodules, Mesorhizobium sp. was significantly different in R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant. Discussion It was predicted that R. pseudoacacia 'Hongsen' plant endophytic bacteria would play a significant role in the metabolic process, such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, membrane transport, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqing Huang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasi Ma
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Mo
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu He
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihua Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Peng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Roy D, Kim J, Lee M, Park J. Adverse impacts of Asian dust events on human health and the environment-A probabilistic risk assessment study on particulate matter-bound metals and bacteria in Seoul, South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162637. [PMID: 36889412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of Asian dust (AD) on the human health and the environment. Particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound trace elements and bacteria were examined to determine the chemical and biological hazards associated with AD days and compared with non-AD days in Seoul. On AD days, the mean PM10 concentration was ∼3.5 times higher than that on non-AD days. Elements generated from the Earth's crust (Al, Fe, and Ca) and anthropogenic sources (Pb, Ni, and Cd) were identified as major contributors to coarse and fine particles, respectively. During AD days, the study area was recognized as "severe" for pollution index and pollution load index levels, and "moderately to heavily polluted" for geoaccumulation index levels. The potential cancer risk (CR) and non-CR were estimated for the dust generated during AD events. On AD days, total CR levels were significant (in 1.08 × 10-5-2.22 × 10-5), which were associated with PM-bound As, Cd, and Ni. In addition, inhalation CR was found to be similar to the incremental lifetime CR levels estimated using the human respiratory tract mass deposition model. In a short exposure duration (14 days), high PM and bacterial mass deposition, significant non-CR levels, and a high presence of potential respiratory infection-causing pathogens (Rothia mucilaginosa) were observed during AD days. Significant non-CR levels were observed for bacterial exposure, despite insignificant levels of PM10-bound elements. Therefore, the substantial ecological risk, CR, and non-CR levels for inhalation exposure to PM-bound bacteria, and the presence of potential respiratory pathogens, indicate that AD events pose a significant risk to both human lung health and the environment. This study provides the first comprehensive examination of significant non-CR levels for bacteria and carcinogenicity of PM-bound metals during AD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debananda Roy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Kouki H, Souihi M, Saadouli I, Balti S, Ayed A, Majdoub N, Mosbah A, Amri I, Mabrouk Y. Biocontrol Potential of Some Rhizospheric Soil Bacterial Strains against Fusarium culmorum and Subsequent Effect on Growth of Two Tunisian Wheat Cultivars. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1165. [PMID: 37317140 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) are used as biofertilizers and biological control agents against fungi. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic activities of some bacterial strains isolated from soil against four phytopathogenic fungal strains (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Phytophthora sp. and Verticillium dahlia). Two strains having an antagonist effect on fungi and displaying the maximum of plant growth promoting (PGP) traits were selected for further study and identified as Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens respectively. In planta assays demonstrated that the two Bacillus strains are able to enhance plant growth of two wheat cultivars in absence of nitrogen and protect them against F. culmorum. Pot experiments performed in a greenhouse showed that wheat plants inoculation with two bacterial strains reduce F. culmorum disease severity correlated with the accumulation of phenolic compounds and chlorophyll content. These could partly explain the effectiveness of these bacteria in protecting Tunisian durum wheat cultivars against F. culmorum. Application B. amyloliquefaciens, showed better protection than B. subtilis although the last one enhanced more the plant growth of two wheat cultivars in absence of fungus. Hence, combination of two bacterial strains could be a strategic approach to enhance plant growth and control plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba Kouki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Souihi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Saadouli
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Balti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Carthage University, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia
| | - Amira Ayed
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Nihed Majdoub
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio-Geo Resources, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Ismail Amri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Mabrouk
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology, National Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet, Technopark, Ariana 2020, Tunisia
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Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of Priestia aryabhattai Strain BD1 Isolated from a Dye Sediment. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0117522. [PMID: 36622152 PMCID: PMC9933728 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01175-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The 5,079,658-bp genome of Priestia aryabhattai strain BD1 isolated from a dye waste sediment consists of 5,185 protein-coding genes, of which 790 were hypothetical proteins, 63 were RNAs, and 54 were pseudogenes. Putative genes involved in oxygen/redox potential sensing, dye degradation, metal toxicity, antibiotic tolerance, and benzoate metabolism were found.
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Moturu US, Nunna T, Avula VG, Jagarlamudi VR, Gutha RR, Tamminana S. Investigating the diversity of bacterial endophytes in maize and their plant growth-promoting attributes. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:369-379. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Vinayak A, Singh GB. Synthetic azo dye bio-decolorization by Priestia sp. RA1: process optimization and phytotoxicity assessment. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:318. [PMID: 35567666 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02931-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Azo compounds represent the most diverse group of colorants widely employed in industrial sectors. Being highly toxic and recalcitrant compound, azo dyes pose a threat to plants, animals, and humans. In the present report, bio-decolorization of azo dye, reactive black 5, was evaluated by newly isolated Priestia sp. RA1. Strain RA1 was able to decolorize 97% of 100 ppm reactive black 5 in 60 h. Specific activity of dye decolorization was found to be 0.233 μmol min-1 g-1 dry cells. Successful decolorization over a broad range of pH, salinity, temperature, and initial dye concentration was observed. Phytotoxicity assay on agriculturally important crops showed considerable difference in percentage seed germination and growth when treated with original and bio-decolorized dye samples. Bio-decolorization at high dye concentrations, promising decolorization rate, and non-toxic nature of treated products suggest the potential of strain RA1 for bioremediation of dye-contaminated water and its re-use in the industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Vinayak
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Gajendra B Singh
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
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Avakova A, Lyakhovchenko N, Lopin R, Goltseva E, Belozerskikh M, Solyanikova I. Antagonistic activity of the native strain of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 3 of the Belgorod region against the bacterium of the genus Ralstonia. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper presents data on the evaluation of the antagonistic potential of Pseudomonas chlororaphis 3 and P. chlororaphis BS-1393 strains against the bacterium of the genus Ralstonia. It was revealed that the native strain is 30% more effective than the collection one. A scheme for obtaining an ethyl acetate extract of phenazine compounds, whose antibacterial activity exceeds the effectiveness of the extractant (ethyl acetate) by 57%, has been developed.
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Bobkova V, Anokhina T, Bjadovskiy I, Konovalov S. Effect of rhizosphere microorganisms on the adaptation of regenerated plants of apple clonal rootstocks to ex vitro conditions. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20213404003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In a vegetation experiment, the effect of bacterial preparations Extrasol, Fitosporin-M based on bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis and bacteria strains of the genus Pseudomonas – P. chlororaphis OV17, P. protegens 38a, P. putida О9-10 on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms, growth and development of regenerant plants of apple clone rootstocks in ex vitro conditions was studied. After 90 days of growing plants, the greatest number was found in the P. protegens 38a strain – 0.56 million CFU/g roots. Artificial inoculation of the roots of regenerant plants contributed to a significant increase in the total number of native microorganisms as compared to the control. The most diverse bacterial population in terms of cultural and morphological characteristics was revealed in the variant with the treatment of plants with the P. putida O9-10 strain. The introduced bacterial strains contributed to an increase in the adaptive capacity and had a phytostimulating effect on the development of plants. The plant survival rate in the process of adaptation to ex vitro conditions is most influenced by the P. putida 09-10 strain compared to the control. The bacterial preparation Fitosporin-M contributes to the improvement of biometric parameters of plant growth.
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