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Lee KY, Atwill ER, Li X, Feldmann HR, Williams DR, Weimer BC, Aly SS. Impact of zinc supplementation on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of fecal commensal bacteria from pre-weaned dairy calves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4448. [PMID: 38396015 PMCID: PMC10891156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary zinc supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal commensal bacteria. A repository of fecal specimens from a random sample of calves block-randomized into placebo (n = 39) and zinc sulfate (n = 28) groups collected over a zinc supplementation clinical trial at the onset of calf diarrhea, calf diarrheal cure, and the last day of 14 cumulative days of zinc or placebo treatment were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted for Enterococcus spp. (n = 167) and E. coli (n = 44), with one representative isolate of each commensal bacteria tested per sample. Parametric survival interval regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between zinc treatment and phenotypic AMR, with exponentiated accelerated failure time (AFT) coefficients adapted for MIC instead of time representing the degree of change in AMR (MIC Ratio, MR). Findings from our study indicated that zinc supplementation did not significantly alter the MIC in Enterococcus spp. for 13 drugs: gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, penicillin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, tylosin tartrate, streptomycin, daptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tigecycline (MR = 0.96-2.94, p > 0.05). In E. coli, zinc supplementation was not associated with resistance to azithromycin (MR = 0.80, p > 0.05) and ceftriaxone (MR = 0.95, p > 0.05). However, a significant reduction in E. coli MIC values was observed for ciprofloxacin (MR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.97) and nalidixic acid (MR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.53) for zinc-treated compared to placebo-treated calves. Alongside predictions of MIC values generated from these 17 AFT models, findings from this study corroborate the influence of age and antimicrobial exposure on phenotypic AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Y Lee
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward R Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xunde Li
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hillary R Feldmann
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Deniece R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, USA.
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Breen MJ, Williams DR, Abdelfattah EM, Karle BM, Byrne BA, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. Effect of Group Housing of Preweaned Dairy Calves: Health and Fecal Commensal Antimicrobial Resistance Outcomes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1019. [PMID: 37370338 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of group housing (three calves per group) on bovine respiratory disease (BRD), diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to fecal commensal Escherichia coli (EC) and enterococci/streptococci (ES). Our study comprised two arms, one experimental and one observational. In the experimental arm, preweaned calves on a California dairy were randomized to either individual (IND; n = 21) or group (GRP; n = 21) housing, using a modified California-style wooden hutch. The study period lasted from birth to 56 days of age, during which calves were health scored daily. Cumulative incidence and hazard ratios were estimated for disease. Antimicrobial resistance outcomes were assessed using a prospective cohort design; feces were collected from each calf three times per week and EC and ES were evaluated for AMR using the broth microdilution method against a panel of 19 antimicrobial drugs (AMD). Analysis of treatment records was used to select calves that had been exposed (EXP) to an AMD-treated calf. In GRP, exposure occurred when a calf was a hutchmate with an AMD-treated calf. In IND, exposure occurred when a calf was a neighbor with an AMD-treated calf (TRT). Age-matched unexposed calves (UNEXP) were then selected for comparison. Proportions of AMR in fecal commensals among EXP, UNEXP, and TRT calves were compared between GRP and IND. Accelerated failure time survival regression models were specified to compare differences in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fecal commensals between EXP and UNEXP calves within each of GRP and IND calves separately. Group calves had a BRD hazard 1.94 times greater that of IND calves (p = 0.03), using BRD treatment records as the outcome. For AMR in EC isolates, higher resistance to enrofloxacin was detected in enrofloxacin-EXP GRP isolates compared with enrofloxacin-EXP IND isolates, and UNEXP GRP calves had lower resistance to ceftiofur compared with enrofloxacin-EXP and enrofloxacin-TRT calves. A significant housing-by-time interaction was detected for EC ceftiofur MIC in EXP GRP calves at 4-14 days post exposure to enrofloxacin (MIC EXP-UNEXP: µg/mL (95% CI): 10.62 (1.17, 20.07)), compared with UNEXP calves. The findings of this study show an increase in BRD hazard for group-housed calves and an increase in ceftiofur resistance in group-housed calves exposed to an enrofloxacin-treated calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Breen
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Deniece R Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
| | - Essam M Abdelfattah
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Betsy M Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, USA
| | - Barbara A Byrne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Terry W Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Gelalcha BD, Kerro Dego O. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the USA Dairy Cattle Farms and Implications for Public Health. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1313. [PMID: 36289970 PMCID: PMC9598938 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top global health threats of the 21th century. Recent studies are increasingly reporting the rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBLs-Ent) in dairy cattle and humans in the USA. The causes of the increased prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans and commensal ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle farms are mostly unknown. However, the extensive use of beta-lactam antibiotics, especially third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in dairy farms and human health, can be implicated as a major driver for the rise in ESBLs-Ent. The rise in ESBLs-Ent, particularly ESBLs-Escherichia coli and ESBLs-Klebsiella species in the USA dairy cattle is not only an animal health issue but also a serious public health concern. The ESBLs-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with carrier animals or indirectly through the food chain or via the environment. The USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports also showed continuous increase in community-associated human infections caused by ESBLs-Ent. Some studies attributed the elevated prevalence of ESBLs-Ent infections in humans to the frequent use of 3GCs in dairy farms. However, the status of ESBLs-Ent in dairy cattle and their contribution to human infections caused by ESBLs-producing enteric bacteria in the USA is the subject of further study. The aims of this review are to give in-depth insights into the status of ESBL-Ent in the USA dairy farms and its implication for public health and to highlight some critical research gaps that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Beyi AF, Mochel JP, Magnin G, Hawbecker T, Slagel C, Dewell G, Dewell R, Sahin O, Coetzee JF, Zhang Q, Plummer PJ. Comparisons of plasma and fecal pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin and enrofloxacin in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5107. [PMID: 35332195 PMCID: PMC8948211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08945-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Danofloxacin and enrofloxacin are fluoroquinolones (FQs) used to treat and control bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. While low toxicity, high bactericidal activity, and availability in single and multiple dosing regimens make them preferable, the increasing incidence of FQ-resistance in foodborne pathogens and effects on gut microbiota necessitate evaluating their pharmacokinetics (PKs). The objective of this study was to determine the exposure level of gut microbiota to subcutaneously administered FQs and compare their PKs between plasma and feces in healthy and Mannheimia haemolytica infected calves. A single dose of danofloxacin (8 mg/kg), low dose (7.5 mg/kg), or high dose (12.5 mg/kg) of enrofloxacin was administered to calves. Blood and feces were collected from calves under experimental conditions over 48 h, and FQ concentrations were measured using Ultra High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. While moderate BRD signs were exhibited in most calves in the infected cohorts, the plasma PKs were similar between healthy and sick calves. However, the fecal danofloxacin concentration was lower in the BRD group (area under concentration–time curve [AUCinf], BRD median = 2627, healthy median = 2941 h*μg/mL, adj.P = 0.005). The dose normalized plasma and fecal danofloxacin concentrations were higher than those of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin. Further, FQs had several fold higher overall concentrations in feces than in plasma in both groups. In conclusion, parenterally administered FQs expose gut microbiota to high concentrations of the antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashenafi Feyisa Beyi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Géraldine Magnin
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Tyler Hawbecker
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Clare Slagel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Grant Dewell
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Renee Dewell
- Center for Food Security/Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Johann F Coetzee
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA.,Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS) and Institute of Computational Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Paul J Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,National Institute of Antimicrobial Resistance Research and Education, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA.
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