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Loghmani SB, Zitzow E, Schwarzmüller L, Humboldt Y, Eisenberg P, Kreikemeyer B, Veith N, Kummer U, Fiedler T. Comparing genome-scale metabolic models of the non-resistant Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and the multi-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583. J Biotechnol 2024; 392:109-117. [PMID: 38996920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a versatile lactic acid bacterium with a large variety of implications for humans. While some strains of this species are pathobionts being resistant against most of the common antibiotics, other strains are regarded as biological protectants or even probiotics. Accordingly, E. faecalis strains largely differ in the size and content of their accessory genome. In this study, we describe the genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of E. faecalis ATCC 19433, a non-resistant human-associated strain. A comparison of the genome-scale metabolic model (GSM) of E. faecalis ATCC 19433 with a previously published GSM of the multi-resistant pathobiontic E. faecalis V583 reveals high similarities in the central metabolic abilities of these two human associated strains. This is reflected, e.g., in the identical amino acid auxotrophies. The ATCC 19433 strain, however, has a 14.1 % smaller genome than V583 and lacks the multiple antibiotic resistance genes and genes involved in capsule formation. Based on the measured metabolic fluxes at different growth rates, the energy demand at zero growth was calculated to be about 40 % lower for the ATCC 19433 strain compared to V583. Furthermore, the ATCC 19433 strain seems less prone to the depletion of amino acids utilizable for energy metabolism. This might hint at a lower overall energy demand of the ATCC 19433 strain as compared to V583.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Babak Loghmani
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bioquant, Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Eric Zitzow
- Rostock University Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Schillingallee 70, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Luisa Schwarzmüller
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bioquant, Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Yvonne Humboldt
- Rostock University Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Schillingallee 70, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Philip Eisenberg
- Rostock University Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Schillingallee 70, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Rostock University Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Schillingallee 70, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Nadine Veith
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bioquant, Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Bioquant, Center for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 276, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tomas Fiedler
- Rostock University Medical Centre, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Schillingallee 70, Rostock 18057, Germany.
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Kukułowicz A, Steinka I, Gardocka M. Enterococcus spp. in fish: Analysis of the presence and resistance in samples from Tri-City, Poland. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306826. [PMID: 38980872 PMCID: PMC11232986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing concern over antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens necessitates comprehensive assessments of its prevalence and associated risks in various food products. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of Enterococcus spp. in samples of fish purchased at various points of sale in the Tricity region. The selection of products (n = 74) was based on their availability and included both fish caught in the Baltic region and products imported from, Vietnam, China, Norway, and European Union (EU) countries. For bacterial isolation, samples were inoculated into selective broth, and the growth of enterococci was assessed based on turbidity. Positive cultures were confirmed by a change in color in bromocresol purple broth and were isolated on Slanetz-Bartley agar. Bacteria were present in all tested samples regardless of the degree of raw material processing as follows: frozen (F)- 55%, fresh/raw (FS)- 70.6%, thawed (DF)- 30%, smoked (S)- 50%, and the packaging methods, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP)- 34.4%, unit packaging (UP)- 75%, and sold in bulk (SB)- 76.9%, with an overall frequency of occurrence of 58.1%. The number of bacteria ranged from not detected to 4.28-log cfu/g, with the lowest mean values for thawed fish and those packed in MAP. Tests conducted on 24 strains isolated from samples showed their varied sensitivity to tetracyclines. Single cases of multidrug resistance of the tested strains were also observed. The conducted statistical analysis did not show statistically significant differences in the count of enterococci based on the origin, degree of processing, or packaging (p < 0.05). Moreover, differences in strain sensitivity to ampicillin were observed. Detected cases of resistance, especially to tetracycline, require careful monitoring and action to limit the health risks associated with resistant bacterial strains in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kukułowicz
- Faculty of Management and Quality Sciences, Department of Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Izabela Steinka
- Faculty of Management and Quality Sciences, Department of Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Maria Gardocka
- Faculty of Management and Quality Sciences, Department of Quality Management, Gdynia Maritime University, Gdynia, Poland
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Khoso A, Hussain A, Rehman M, Akram S, Ahmad D, Bin-Asif H, Zahid S, Hasan KA, Ali SA. Molecular Assessments of Antimicrobial Protein Enterocins and Quorum Sensing Genes and Their Role in Virulence of the Genus Enterococcus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10278-4. [PMID: 38703322 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen because of its antibiotic resistance and virulence profile, which makes it a causative agent of several diseases like endocarditis, surgical site, and urinary tract infections. Currently, species of this genus are the 2nd most frequently isolated microorganisms from hospital-acquired infections. Significant association with hospitals and unhygienic conditions of the environments has made them resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. On the brighter side, enterococci have the ability to produce antimicrobial proteins (i.e., enterocins) that exhibit wide antagonistic activity, thus making them useful microbes in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Enterocins are also involved in niche control in gut microbiota which is regulated by the quorum sensing (QS) system. A bacterial communication system that is controlled by the fsr operon in enterococci consists of FsrABDC, ef1097, and GelE/SprE genes. Hence, the present study was conducted for molecular assessment of enterocins and quorum sensing genes, inter-environmental correlation, and species prevalence of enterococci isolated from different environmental niches of Karachi, Pakistan. Obtained results revealed the highest prevalence of E. faecium and E. faecalis in all environments. Bacterial antagonism and enterocin genes were observed significantly high in poultry environments. The inter-environmental correlation indicated a strong positive correlation of freshwater with sewage and soil environments. Similarly, the fsr regulatory system was mostly identified in poultry-related environments, and a significant correlation between QS system and biofilm formation was established. In conclusion, this study confirmed the high prevalence of E. faecium in all tested sources, high enterocin production in non-clinical environments, and more fsr regulatory genes in poultry-related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisha Khoso
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Bin-Asif
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sindhu Zahid
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Wikström A, Romani Vestman N, Rakhimova O, Lazaro Gimeno D, Tsilingaridis G, Brundin M. Microbiological assessment of success and failure in pulp revitalization: a randomized clinical trial using calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gluconate in traumatized immature necrotic teeth. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2343518. [PMID: 38665416 PMCID: PMC11044761 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2343518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare differences in the disinfection efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHD) dressings in pulp revitalization (PR) of traumatized immature necrotic teeth; to investigate the microflora in successful/failed PR and whether bacterial persistence influences the outcomes of PR. Methods Microbiological assessment of the average bacterial load (CFU/sample) and bacterial diversity (taxa/sample) was performed on 41 teeth at three timepoints (S2-before, S3-after debridement and S5- after root canal dressing). Results The primary microflora was more diverse in successful cases than in failed. Decreases in CFU/sample and taxa/sample occurred S2 - S3, though new increases occurred at S5 in the CHD subgroup (successful and failed) and CFU/sample in the CH subgroup (failed). At S5, the successful cases showed more bacterial decreases. No specific species was associated with the outcomes with no statistical differences between the disinfection efficacy. Conclusions There were no statistical differences in CH and CHD efficacy. At S5, microflora persisted in both successful and failed outcomes, but the abundance and diversity increased significantly only in the failed cases. The successful outcomes presented higher diversity and higher decreases of the primary microflora at S5 than the failed outcomes. The abundance and diversity increased significantly at S5 only in failed cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wikström
- Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Endodontics, Public Dental Health Services, Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Paediatric Oral Health, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Nelly Romani Vestman
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - David Lazaro Gimeno
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Georgios Tsilingaridis
- Division of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Paediatric Oral Health, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Malin Brundin
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Luo D, Yan L, Wang Z, Ji X, Pei N, Jia J, Luo Y, Ouyang H, Yang S, Feng Y. Pulchinenoside B4 ameliorates oral ulcers in rats by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:292. [PMID: 38592514 PMCID: PMC11003895 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Pulchinenoside B4, a natural saponin monomer from the Pulsatilla plant, plays an important role as an immunomodulator in the treatment of acute inflammation. Oral ulcer (OU) is a common ulcerative injury disease that occurs in the oral mucosa, including mucosal ulceration and abnormalities of lips and tongue. A close correlation exists between gut microbiota and circulating metabolites in patients with OU. However, the correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolomics is not clear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the changes in gut microbiota and metabolites in OU. The 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing was used to detect the changes in the composition of gut microbiota in OU rat model. Moreover, the endogenous small metabolites were explored by collecting the non-targeted serum metabolomics data. A total of 34 OU-related biomarkers were identified, mainly related to fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory pathways. The administration of B4 effectively reduced the occurrence of OU and restored the levels of multiple endogenous biomarkers and key gut microbial species to the normal level. This study demonstrated that the gut microbiota and metabolites were altered in the OU rat model, which were significantly restored to the normal level by B4, thereby showing good application prospects in the treatment of OU. KEY POINTS: • The first investigating the correlation between OU and gut microbiota. • A close correlation between metabolites and gut microbiota in OU disease was successfully identified. • Pulchinenoside B4 ameliorates oral ulcers in rats by modulating gut microbiota and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewei Luo
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhujun Wang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Ji
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Pei
- Xinyu University, No. 2666 Yangguang Road, Xinyu, 338004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jia
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China.
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 338004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Feng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 818 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, 330002, People's Republic of China.
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Dikbaş N, Orman YC, Alım Ş, Uçar S, Tülek A. Evaluating Enterococcus faecium9 N-2 as a probiotic candidate from traditional village white cheese. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:1847-1856. [PMID: 38455208 PMCID: PMC10916548 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, various functional and probiotic attributes of the Enterococcus faecium 9 N-2 strain isolated from village-style white cheese were characterized, while also assessing its safety. To achieve this, we conducted an in vitro analysis of several key probiotic properties exhibited by the 9 N-2 strain. Notably, this strain demonstrated robust resilience to low pH, high bile salt concentrations, lysozyme, pepsin, pancreatin, and phenol. Furthermore, this strain displayed exceptional auto-aggregation capabilities and moderate co-aggregation tendencies when interacting with Escherichia coli. The cell-free supernatant derived from strain 9 N-2 exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The strain exhibited resistance to gentamicin, meropenem, and bacitracin, while remaining susceptible to vancomycin and various other antibiotics. Furthermore, it was found that E. faecium 9 N-2 possessed the capacity to produce the phytase enzyme. When all the results of this study are evaluated, it is thought that 9 N-2 strain has superior probiotic properties, and therefore it can be used as probiotic in food, medicine, and animal feed in the future. In addition, further in vivo tests should be performed to fully understand its effects and mechanisms of action and to confirm its safety and probiotic effects. Further research and clinical trials are also needed to identify new strains with potential probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Dikbaş
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Yusuf Can Orman
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Şeyma Alım
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural FacultyAtaturk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Sevda Uçar
- Department of Herbal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and TechnologySivas Science and Technology UniversitySivasTurkey
| | - Ahmet Tülek
- Department of Bioengineering and SciencesIğdır UniversityIğdırTurkey
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Daca A, Jarzembowski T. From the Friend to the Foe- Enterococcus faecalis Diverse Impact on the Human Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2422. [PMID: 38397099 PMCID: PMC10888668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterium which accompanies us from the first days of our life. As a commensal it produces vitamins, metabolizes nutrients, and maintains intestinal pH. All of that happens in exchange for a niche to inhabit. It is not surprising then, that the bacterium was and is used as an element of many probiotics and its positive impact on the human immune system and the body in general is hard to ignore. This bacterium has also a dark side though. The plasticity and relative ease with which one acquires virulence traits, and the ability to hide from or even deceive and use the immune system to spread throughout the body make E. faecalis a more and more dangerous opponent. The statistics clearly show its increasing role, especially in the case of nosocomial infections. Here we present the summarization of current knowledge about E. faecalis, especially in the context of its relations with the human immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Physiopathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jarzembowski
- Department of Microbiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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Pandova M, Kizheva Y, Tsenova M, Rusinova M, Borisova T, Hristova P. Pathogenic Potential and Antibiotic Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Study of Enterococci from Different Ecological Settings. Pathogens 2023; 13:36. [PMID: 38251343 PMCID: PMC10818344 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathway and the lifestyle of known enterococcus species are too complicated. The aim of the present study is to trace the path of pathogenicity of enterococci isolated from seven habitats (Cornu aspersum intestine; Bulgarian yoghurt; goat and cow feta cheese-mature and young, respectively; Arabian street food-doner kebab; cow milk; and human breast milk) by comparing their pathogenic potential. In total, 72 enterococcal strains were isolated and identified by MALDI-TOF, sequencing, and PCR. Hemolytic and gelatinase activity were biochemically determined. PCR was carried out for detection of virulence factors (cylB, esp, gls24, nucl, psaA, agg, gelE, and ace) and antibiotic resistance (erm, ermB, blaZ, vanA, aphA, mefA, gyrA, catpIP501, and aac6'-aph2″). Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was assigned according to EUCAST. Eleven representatives of the genus Enterococcus were identified: E. mundtii, E. casseliflavus, E. gilvus, E. pseudoavium, E. pallens, E. malodoratus, E. devriesei, E. gallinarum, E. durans, E. faecium, and E. faecalis. Twenty-two strains expressed α-hemolysis. Thirteen strains had the cylB gene. Only two strains expressed α-hemolysis and possessed the cylB gene simultaneously. Positive amplification for gelE was found in 35% of the isolates, but phenotypic gelatinase activity was observed only in three strains. All isolates showed varying antibiotic resistance. Only E. faecalis BM15 showed multiple resistance (AMP-HLSR-RP). Correlation between genotypic and phenotypic macrolide resistance was revealed for two E. faecalis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pandova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Yoana Kizheva
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Margarita Tsenova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mariya Rusinova
- Human Milk Bank Bulgaria, 1309 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Petya Hristova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (M.P.); (M.T.); (P.H.)
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Thomsen J, Abdulrazzak NM, AlRand H, Menezes GA, Moubareck CA, Everett DB, Senok A, Podbielski A. Epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national AMR surveillance data. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1275778. [PMID: 38089023 PMCID: PMC10715431 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1275778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Enterococci are usually low pathogenic, but can cause invasive disease under certain circumstances, including urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, and are associated with peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscesses. Increasing resistance of enterococci to glycopeptides and fluoroquinolones, and high-level resistance to aminoglycosides is a concern. National antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data for enterococci from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the Gulf region is scarce. Methods A retrospective 12-year analysis of N = 37,909 non-duplicate diagnostic Enterococcus spp. isolates from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) was conducted. Data was generated by routine patient care during 2010-2021, collected by trained personnel and reported by participating surveillance sites to the UAE National AMR Surveillance program. Data analysis was conducted with WHONET. Results Enterococcus faecalis was the most commonly reported species (81.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (8.5%), and other enterococci species (4.8%). Phenotypically vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) were found in 1.8% of Enterococcus spp. isolates. Prevalence of VRE (%VRE) was highest for E. faecium (8.1%), followed by E. faecalis (0.9%). A significant level of resistance to glycopeptides (%VRE) for these two species has been observed in the majority of observed years [E. faecalis (0-2.2%), 2010: 0%, 2021: 0.6%] and E. faecium (0-14.2%, 2010: 0%, 2021: 5.8%). Resistance to fluoroquinolones was between 17 and 29% (E. faecalis) and was higher for E. faecium (between 42 and 83%). VRE were associated with higher patient mortality (RR: 2.97), admission to intensive care units (RR: 2.25), and increased length of stay (six excess inpatient days per VRE case), as compared to vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus spp. Discussion Published data on Enterococcus infections, in particular VRE-infections, in the UAE and MENA region is scarce. Our data demonstrates that VRE-enterococci are relatively rare in the UAE, however showing an increasing resistance trend for several clinically important antibiotic classes, causing a concern for the treatment of serious infections caused by enterococci. This study also demonstrates that VRE were associated with higher mortality, increased intensive care unit admission rates, and longer hospitalization, thus poorer clinical outcome and higher associated costs in the UAE. We recommend the expansion of current surveillance techniques (e.g., local VRE screening), stricter infection prevention and control strategies, and better stewardship interventions. Further studies on the molecular epidemiology of enterococci are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Thomsen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Abu Dhabi Public Health Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najiba M. Abdulrazzak
- Al Kuwait Hospital Dubai, Emirates Health Services Establishment (EHS), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hussain AlRand
- Public Health Sector, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Godfred Antony Menezes
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Ras Al Khaimah (RAK) Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Carole A. Moubareck
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dean B. Everett
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Infection Research Unit, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Podbielski
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine, Rostock, Germany
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Hussain A, Akram S, Ahmad D, Rehman M, Ahmed A, Ali SA. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6. [PMID: 37731160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as probiotics since decades. Enterococci being the member of LAB have proven probiotic strains; therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the potential probiotic candidates from the pool of locally isolated strains. For initial screening, one hundred and twenty-two strains were selected and subjected to different confirmatory and phenotypic tests to choose the best strains that have potential probiotic criteria, i.e., no potential virulence traits, antibiotic resistance, and having tolerance properties. Keeping this criterion, only eleven strains (n = 11) were selected for further assessment. All virulence traits such as production of hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm, and DNase were performed and not found in the tested strains. The molecular assessment indicates the presence of few virulence-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains with variable frequency. The phenotypic and genotypic assessments of antibiotic resistance profile indicate that the selected strain was susceptible to ten commonly used antibiotics, and there were no transferrable antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of CRISPR-Cas genes also confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Various enterocin-producing genes like EntP, EntB, EntA, and EntQ were also identified in the selected strains which make them promising probiotic lead strains. Different tolerance assays like acid, NaCl, and gastric juice tolerance that mimic host conditions was also evaluated by providing artificial conditions. Cellular adhesion and aggregation properties like auto- and co-aggregation were also checked and their results reflect all in the favor of lead probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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11
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Im EJ, Lee HHY, Kim M, Kim MK. Evaluation of Enterococcal Probiotic Usage and Review of Potential Health Benefits, Safety, and Risk of Antibiotic-Resistant Strain Emergence. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1327. [PMID: 37627747 PMCID: PMC10451534 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are often used in probiotics but can also cause nosocomial infections. As such, enterococcal consumption may have beneficial health effects, but a thorough evaluation of virulence absence and risk of antibiotic resistance spread is needed at the strain level. This article reviewed ten online health product shopping websites in the US. On these websites, 23 probiotic products using enterococci were found across 12 companies. In addition, this article reviewed studies that demonstrated the probiotic potential of enterococcal consumption (e.g., gastrointestinal and respiratory disease, hyperlipidemia alleviation, as well as infection prevention). To investigate the safety aspects of enterococci, the present work examined studies evaluating virulence factors and antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this article assessed research that explored these virulent factors, specifically in probiotics containing enterococci, as well as the potential transfer mechanism of their antibiotic resistance. Based on reviewed data, enterococcal probiotic consumption has been proven beneficial for conditions or symptoms of multiple diseases without any apparent adverse effects. However, due to the plasmid- or transposon-mediated gene transfer ability of enterococci, surveillance monitoring and further studies regarding enterococcal consumption are warranted. Future studies that identify enterococcal strains safe to use in probiotics without virulence factors and antibiotic resistance are imperative for evidence-based decisions by health organizations and government agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jeeho Im
- College of Arts and Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Harry Hyun-Yup Lee
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Minzae Kim
- College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Myo-Kyoung Kim
- Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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12
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Baryshnikova NV, Ilina AS, Ermolenko EI, Uspenskiy YP, Suvorov AN. Probiotics and autoprobiotics for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4740-4751. [PMID: 37583996 PMCID: PMC10424037 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i20.4740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The article discusses various approaches for probiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: Probiotics as an adjuvant treatment in the standard eradication therapy; probiotic strains as a monotherapy; and autoprobiotics as a monotherapy. Autoprobiotics refer to indigenous bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, or enterococci isolated from a specific individual, intended to restore his/her microbiota and improve his/her health. The potential mechanisms of probiotic action against H. pylori include correction of the gut microbiota, immunological effects (enhancement of humoral and cellular immunity, and reduction of oxidative stress), direct antagonistic effects against H. pylori (such as colonization resistance and bacteriocin synthesis), and stimulation of local immunological protection (strengthening of the mucous protective barrier and reduction of gastric mucosa inflammation). The incorporation of probiotics into comprehensive eradication therapy shows promise in optimizing the treatment of H. pylori infection. Probiotics can enhance the eradication rates of H. pylori, reduce the occurrence and severity of side effects, and improve patient compliance. Probiotic or autoprobiotic monotherapy can be considered as an alternative treatment approach in cases of allergic reactions and insufficient effectiveness of antibiotics. We recommend including probiotics as adjunctive medications in anti-H. pylori regimens. However, further randomized multicenter studies are necessary to investigate the effects of probiotics and autoprobiotics against H. pylori, in order to gain a better understanding of their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Baryshnikova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
- Internal Diseases Department of Stomatological Faculty, Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
- Laboratory of Medical and Social Pediatric Problems, St-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Ilina
- Clinical Department, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Elena I Ermolenko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Yury P Uspenskiy
- Internal Diseases Department of Stomatological Faculty, Pavlov First St-Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg 197022, Russia
- Department of Faculty Therapy Named After V.A. Valdman, St-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg 194100, Russia
| | - Alexander N Suvorov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Zommiti M, Ferchichi M, Feuilloley MGJ. "Beneficial Microbes: Food, Mood and Beyond"-Editorial and the Perspectives of Research. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11041014. [PMID: 37110437 PMCID: PMC10145506 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst the list of beneficial microbes, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Bifidobacterium sp [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, UNIROUEN, ABTE, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Mounir Ferchichi
- Unité de Protéomique Fonctionnelle et Potentiel Nutraceutique de la Biodiversité de Tunisie, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis, Université Tunis El-Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Marc G J Feuilloley
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Juárez-Fernández G, Höfle U, Simón C, Rueda S, Martínez A, Álvarez-Martínez S, Eguizábal P, Martínez-Cámara B, Zarazaga M, Torres C. Nasotracheal enterococcal carriage and resistomes: detection of optrA-, poxtA- and cfrD-carrying strains in migratory birds, livestock, pets, and in-contact humans in Spain. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:569-581. [PMID: 36890281 PMCID: PMC10105672 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the carriage rates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of enterococci from nasotracheal samples of three healthy animal species and in-contact humans. Nasal samples were collected from 27 dog-owning households (34 dogs, 41 humans) and 4 pig-farms (40 pigs, 10 pig-farmers), and they were processed for enterococci recovery (MALDI-TOF-MS identification). Also, a collection of 144 enterococci previously recovered of tracheal/nasal samples from 87 white stork nestlings were characterized. The AMR phenotypes were determined in all enterococci and AMR genes were studied by PCR/sequencing. MultiLocus-Sequence-Typing was performed for selected isolates. About 72.5% and 60% of the pigs and pig-farmers, and 29.4% and 4.9%, of healthy dogs and owners were enterococci nasal carriers, respectively. In storks, 43.5% of tracheal and 69.2% of nasal samples had enterococci carriages. Enterococci carrying multidrug-resistance phenotype was identified in 72.5%/40.0%/50.0%/23.5%/1.1% of pigs/pig-farmers/dogs/dogs' owners/storks, respectively. Of special relevance was the detection of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) in (a) 33.3% of pigs (E. faecalis-carrying optrA and/or cfrD of ST59, ST330 or ST474 lineages; E. casseliflavus-carrying optrA and cfrD); (b) 10% of pig farmers (E. faecalis-ST330-carrying optrA); (c) 2.9% of dogs (E. faecalis-ST585-carrying optrA); and (d) 1.7% of storks (E. faecium-ST1736-carrying poxtA). The fexA gene was found in all optrA-positive E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates, while fexB was detected in the poxtA-positive E. faecium isolate. The enterococci diversity and AMR rates from the four hosts reflect differences in antimicrobial selection pressure. The detection of LRE carrying acquired and transferable genes in all the hosts emphasizes the need to monitor LRE using a One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Ursula Höfle
- Spanish Wildlife Research Institute IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), SaBio (Health and Biotechnology) Research Group, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Rueda
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Angela Martínez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Sandra Álvarez-Martínez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Paula Eguizábal
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Cámara
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, 26006, Spain.
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Rahmani M, Saffari F, Domann E, Zimmermann K, Langroudi L, Mansouri S. Enterococci as Intestinal Microbiota: Investigation of Characteristics and Probiotic Potential in Isolates from Adults and Breast-Fed Infants. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1139-1150. [PMID: 35585423 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci act as symbionts in human gastrointestinal tract. The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of fecal enterococci isolated from infants and adults, and to compare them to the known probiotic bacteria, including lactobacilli species and E. faecalis Symbioflor 1. In total, sporadic distribution of virulence genes was detected among the studied enterococci. Furthermore, the frequency of genes encoding for sex pheromones (ccf and cob), collagen adhesion (ace), cell wall adhesion (efaAfs), and gelatinase (gelE) was observed to be significantly higher in those isolates obtained from infants compared to those obtained from adults. Although the ability of biofilm formation was found in all isolates, the strong biofilm formation was observed in enterococci from infants and strong correlation was observed between the capacities to form biofilm and attachment to Caco-2 cells. Cell-free culture supernatant showed some inhibitory effects on indicator strains, which were related to the production of organic acids (against P. aeruginosa and enteropathogenic E. coli) or both organic acids and proteinaceous antimicrobial agents (against L. monocytogenes and E. faecalis). Approximately, 79% and 71% of the isolates showed strong inhibitory effects on P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Unlike lactobacilli, enterococcal cell-free supernatants had no toxicity on intestinal cells. In conclusion, this study shows that some enterococcal isolates obtained from fecal microbiota have characteristics, which are comparable with the known probiotic bacteria. Therefore, these isolates should be considered to find probiotic candidate. The proteinaceous identity of antimicrobial substances derived from these isolates highlighted the probable contribution of bacteriocins into this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmani
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Saffari
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Kurt Zimmermann
- Symbiopharm Gmbh, Auf den Lueppen 10, 35745, Herborn, Germany
| | - Ladan Langroudi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Grenda A, Grenda T, Domaradzki P, Kwiatek K. Enterococci-Involvement in Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment: A Mini-Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060687. [PMID: 35745541 PMCID: PMC9227201 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus spp. are Gram-positive, heterogeneous lactic acid bacteria inhabiting various environments. Several species of Enterococci are considered to be able to stimulate the immune system and play an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Some Enterococci can be used as probiotics. Some strains of E. faecium are components of pharmaceutical products used to treat diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, it has been proved that they are responsible for food contamination, and are sometimes undesirable from the point of view of food technology. Additionally, the virulence and multi-drug resistance of Enterococci potentially pose a risk of an epidemic, especially in hospital environments. Moreover, there are indications of their negative role in colon tumorigenesis; however, some nterococci are proved to support immunotherapy in cancer treatment. In general, it can be concluded that this group of microorganisms, despite its nature, has properties that can be used to support cancer treatment—both aggressive chemotherapy and cutting-edge therapy targeting immune checkpoints (IC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grenda
- Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University in Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-724-42-93
| | - Tomasz Grenda
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (T.G.); (K.K.)
| | - Piotr Domaradzki
- Department of Commodity Science and Animal Raw Materials Processing, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Kwiatek
- Department of Hygiene of Animal Feeding Stuffs, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (T.G.); (K.K.)
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Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Romania-Retrospective Study and Brief Review. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040598. [PMID: 35453797 PMCID: PMC9030019 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This paper aims to provide a description of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Romania and to briefly review the existing literature regarding the involvement of Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium in human infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns; (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all Enteroccocus species isolated from the “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Cluj-Napoca during one year focusing on non-faecalis non-faecium Enterococci. A brief review of the literature was performed using case reports involving Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium; (3) Results: Only 58 out of 658 Enteroccocus isolates were non-faecalis non-faecium and met the inclusion criteria. These species were isolated more often (p < 0.05) from the surgical ward from mixed etiology infections with E. coli. In our review, we included 39 case reports involving E. raffinosus, E. durans and E. avium; (4) Conclusions: Isolation of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci displays an emerging trend with crucial healthcare consequences. Based on the analysis of the case reports, E. avium seems to be involved more often in neurological infections, E. durans in endocarditis, while E. raffinosus displays a more heterogenous distribution.
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Special Issue “Enterococci for Probiotic Use: Safety and Risk”: Editorial. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030604. [PMID: 35336179 PMCID: PMC8951759 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, their activity, and metabolites are now considered as intrinsic elements of the human body and this awareness gave was leading to the concept of holobiont [...]
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