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Nowik-Zajac A, Zawierucha I, Lagiewka J, Jaksender K, Witt K, Malina G, Sabadash V. Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Polymer Inclusion Membrane Containing Calix[4]pyrrole. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:92. [PMID: 38668120 PMCID: PMC11051798 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The effective purification of aqueous solutions of methylene blue dye was tested using polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) that contained cellulose triacetate (CTA) as a polymer base, o-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) as a plasticizer, and meso-tetra methyl tetrakis-[methyl-2-(4-acetlphenoxy)] calix[4]pyrrole (KP) as a carrier. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to define the microstructure and surface of PIMs. Experimental results showed that, with an increased concentration of methylene blue in an aqueous solution, the removal percentage also increased. Further observation showed that the flux increased with the rise in the source phase pH values from 3 to 10. The carrier and plasticizer content in the membrane significantly influenced the membrane's transport properties. The optimal composition of the membrane in percent by weight for KP was 74% plasticizer; 18% support, and 8% carrier. The maximum MB removal (93.10%) was achieved at 0.10 M HCl solution as the receiving phase. It was shown that the membrane with optimal composition showed good reusability and enabled the easy and spontaneous separation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowik-Zajac
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.Z.); (J.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Iwona Zawierucha
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.Z.); (J.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Jakub Lagiewka
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.Z.); (J.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Karolina Jaksender
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, PL 42200 Czestochowa, Poland; (I.Z.); (J.L.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Witt
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, PL 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Malina
- Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, PL 30059 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Vira Sabadash
- Department of Ecology and Sustainable Environmental Management, Lviv Polytechnic National University, UK 79000 Lviv, Ukraine;
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Govindappa H, Abdi G, Uthappa UT, Sriram G, Han SS, Kurkuri M. Efficient separation of arsenic species of oxyanion As (III) and As (V) by using effective polymer inclusion membranes (PIM). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137851. [PMID: 36642130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal contaminant arsenic exist in the form of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) ions. These ions are highly carcinogenic that are usually present in the ground water. To date, most of the designed polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) involved only about separation without differentiating the oxidation states. Thus, there is a research gap on separation of element with different oxidation states. Thus, this study addresses such research gap which have been not explored previously. To extract such ions from water, the present study involves fabrication of PIM by varying the compositions of the base polymer, carrier and plasticizer. Also effect of the strip solution, and transport properties were studied. High performance membrane was obtained with 50% (w/w) Aliquat 336 and 50% (w/w) Cellulose triacetate (CTA). The production of 1 m2 of PIM may cost approximately 0.08-0.16$. Also, we have combined the separation capacity of polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with the sensitivity and elemental detection using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) to detect and separate As(III) and As(V). AAS is limited to detecting only elemental arsenic (As) and does not distinguish between As(III) and As(V). Further, to address such limitations in this current study we were able to separate As(V) from As(III) within 5 h. In addition, to provide sole solution a device was fabricated to extract As(V) in the field studies which displayed outstanding efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.2%. The extracted samples was tested in AAS to differentiate between oxidation states of the arsenic species and these important results are supportive in finding out the redox potential of water and for other geochemical explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshith Govindappa
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, 75169, Bushehr, Iran
| | - U T Uthappa
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ganesan Sriram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahaveer Kurkuri
- Centre for Research in Functional Materials (CRFM), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bengaluru, 562112, Karnataka, India.
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Kaczorowska MA, Bożejewicz D, Witt K. The Application of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Emerging Contaminants and Synthetic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions-A Mini Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:132. [PMID: 36837635 PMCID: PMC9968195 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the environment, including water resources, is currently one of the greatest challenges due to emerging new contaminants of anthropogenic origin. Of particular concern are emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, and pesticides, but also other industrial pollutants, for example, synthetic dyes. The growing demand for environmentally friendly and economical methods of removing emerging contaminants and synthetic dyes from wastewater resulted in increased interest in the possibility of using techniques based on the application of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for this purpose. PIM-based techniques are promising methods for eliminating emerging contaminants and synthetic dyes from aqueous solutions, including wastewater, due to high efficiency, membranes versatility, ease/low cost of preparation, and high selectivity. This review describes the latest developments related to the removal of various emerging contaminants and synthetic dyes from aqueous solutions using PIMs over the past few years, with particular emphasis on research aimed at increasing the effectiveness and selectivity of PIMs, which may contribute to wider use of these methods in the future.
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Kaczorowska MA. The Use of Polymer Inclusion Membranes for the Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions-The Latest Achievements and Potential Industrial Applications: A Review. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12111135. [PMID: 36422127 PMCID: PMC9695490 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing demand for environmentally friendly and economical methods of removing toxic metal ions from polluted waters and for the recovery of valuable noble metal ions from various types of waste, which are often treated as their secondary source, has resulted in increased interest in techniques based on the utilization of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs). PIMs are characterized by many advantages (e.g., the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back extraction, excellent stability and high reusability), and can be adapted to the properties of the removed target analyte by appropriate selection of carriers, polymers and plasticizers used for their formulation. However, the selectivity and efficiency of the membrane process depends on many factors (e.g., membrane composition, nature of removed metal ions, composition of aqueous feed solution, etc.), and new membranes are systematically designed to improve these parameters. Numerous studies aimed at improving PIM technology may contribute to the wider use of these methods in the future on an industrial scale, e.g., in wastewater treatment. This review describes the latest achievements related to the removal of various metal ions by PIMs over the past 3 years, with particular emphasis on solutions with potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata A Kaczorowska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Separation of Mercury(II) from Industrial Wastewater through Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Calix[4]pyrrole Derivative. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050492. [PMID: 35629819 PMCID: PMC9147343 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer membranes with immobilized ligands are encouraging alternatives for the removal of toxic metal ions from aquatic waste streams, including industrial wastewater, in view of their high selectivity, stability, removal efficacy and low energy demands. In this study, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) based on cellulose triacetate, with a calix[4]pyrrole derivative as an ion carrier, were tested for their capability to dispose mercury (Hg(II)) ions from industrial wastewater. The impacts were assessed relative to carrier content, the quantity of plasticizer in the membrane, the hydrocholoric acid concentration in the source phase, and the character of the receiving phase on the performance of Hg(II) elimination. Optimally designed PIMs could be an interesting option for the industrial wastewater treatment due to the high removal efficiency of Hg(II) and great repeatability.
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Fabrication of a novel polymer inclusion membrane from recycled polyvinyl chloride for the real-time extraction of arsenic (V) from water samples in a continuous process. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Radzyminska-Lenarcik E, Maslowska K, Urbaniak W. Removal of Copper (II), Zinc (II), Cobalt (II), and Nickel (II) Ions by PIMs Doped 2-Alkylimidazoles. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:16. [PMID: 35054539 PMCID: PMC8779304 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are an attractive approach to the separation of metals from an aqueous solution. This study is concerned with the use of 2-alkylimidazoles (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) as ion carriers in PIMs. It investigates the separation of copper (II), zinc (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions with the use of polymer inclusion membranes. PIMs are formed by casting a solution containing a carrier (extractant), a plasticizer (o-NPPE), and a base polymer such as cellulose triacetate (CTA) to form a thin, flexible, and stable film. The topics discussed include transport parameters, such as the type of carrier, initial fluxes, separation coefficients of copper in relation to other metals, as well as transport recovery of metal ions. The membrane was characterized using AFM and SEM to obtain information on its composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bygdoszcz University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Kamila Maslowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (W.U.)
| | - Wlodzimierz Urbaniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (W.U.)
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Maiphetlho K, Chimuka L, Tutu H, Richards H. Technical design and optimisation of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) for sample pre-treatment and passive sampling - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149483. [PMID: 34426342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review reports on the increasing interest in technical designs, calibration, and application of PIM-based devices in sample pre-treatment and passive sampling in environmental water monitoring from 2010 to 2021. With regards to passive sampling, devices are calibrated in a laboratory setup using either a dip-in or flow-through approach before environmental application. In sample preparation, the device set-ups can be offline, online or in a continuous flow separation device connected to a flow injection analysis system. The PIMs have also demonstrated potential in both these offline and online separations; however, there is still a draw-back of low diffusion coefficients obtained in these PIM set-ups. Electro-driven membrane (EME) extraction has demonstrated better performance as well as improved analyte flux. Critical in electro-driven membrane extraction is applying correct voltage that may not compromise the PIM performance due to leaching of components to the aqueous solutions. Further, besides different PIM configurations and designs being developed, PIM based extractions are central to PIM components (base polymer, carrier and plasticizer). As such, recent studies have also focused on improving PIM stability by investigating use of various PIM components, incorporating nano additives into the PIM composition, and investigating novel green PIM synthetic routes. All these aspects are covered in this review. Further, some recent studies that have demonstrated the ability to eliminate effects of flow patterns and membrane biofouling in PIM based applications are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso Maiphetlho
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hlanganani Tutu
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Richards
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag X3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.
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