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Tuncay G, Yuksekdag A, Mutlu BK, Koyuncu I. A review of greener approaches for rare earth elements recovery from mineral wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124379. [PMID: 38885830 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of rare earth elements (REE) in many various fields, including high-tech products, increases the demand for these materials day by day. The production of REE from primary sources has expanded in response to increasing demand; however, due to its limited, a more sustainable supply is also started to offer for the REE demand by using secondary sources. The most commonly used metallurgical method for REE recovery is hydrometallurgical processes. However, it has some disadvantages, like pyrometallurgical methods. In the review, studies of the environmental impacts of REE production from primary sources and life cycle assessments of products containing REE were investigated. According to the results, it has been seen that those studies in the literature in which hydrometallurgical methods have changed to more environmentally friendly approaches have begun to increase. In this review, mine wastes, which are secondary sources, were defined, conventional methods of recovery of rare earth elements were discussed, greener approaches to the recovery of REE from these sources were comprehensively examined and studies in the literature were evaluated. Furthermore, it was stated that there are limited studies on green approaches and REE recovery from mineral wastes and that this field is developing with an emphasis on the current outlook and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tuncay
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Rare Earth Elements Research Institute (NATEN), Kahramankazan, 06980, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Yuksekdag
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Borte Kose Mutlu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey; National Research Center on Membrane Technologies, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Castro-Diaz M, Osmani M, Cavalaro S, Needham P, Parker B, Lovato T. Acid leaching technology for post-consumer gypsum purification. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2024; 3:148. [PMID: 38370027 PMCID: PMC10873547 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.16583.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Background Contaminants and water-soluble salts present in mechanically recycled gypsum from refurbishment and demolition (post-consumer) plasterboard waste limit its use as a secondary raw material in plasterboard manufacturing. This research addresses this limitation, developing a novel acid leaching purification technology combined with an improved mechanical pre-treatment for post-consumer gypsum valorization. Methods Laboratory-scale acid leaching purification was performed with a borosilicate beaker, hot plate, and overhead stirrer. Stuccos were produced after calcination of gypsum at 150 °C for 3 hours. Samples were characterized through X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Results Acid leaching at 90 °C for 1 h using a 5 wt% sulfuric acid solution was revealed to be the optimum purification conditions. Stuccos produced from purified gypsum under optimum conditions had similar initial setting times to that of a commercial stucco but with higher water demand, which could be reduced by optimizing the calcination conditions. A magnesium-rich gypsum was precipitated from the wastewater. Conclusions Purified post-consumer gypsum with > 96 wt% chemical purity and calcium sulfate dihydrate content was produced. The research recommends acid neutralization prior filtration, use of gypsum particles < 2 mm in size, and stirring speed of 50 rpm to reduce the economic and environmental impacts of the acid leaching purification process at industrial scale. The magnesium-rich gypsum could potentially be marketed as soil fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed Osmani
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Sergio Cavalaro
- Loughborough University, Loughborough, England, LE11 3TU, UK
| | | | - Bill Parker
- British Gypsum, Loughborough, England, LE12 6JT, UK
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Danouche M, Bounaga A, Oulkhir A, Boulif R, Zeroual Y, Benhida R, Lyamlouli K. Advances in bio/chemical approaches for sustainable recycling and recovery of rare earth elements from secondary resources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168811. [PMID: 38030017 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are indispensable in the growing smart technologies, such as smart phones and electronic devices, renewable energy, new generation of hybrid cars, etc. These elements are naturally occurring in specific geological deposits (bastnäsite, monazite, and xenotime), primarily concentrated in the regions of China, Australia, and the USA. The extraction and processing of REEs and the mismanagement of secondary REE resources, such as industrial waste, end-of-life materials, and mining by-products, raise major environmental and health concerns. Recycling represents a convincing solution, avoiding the necessity to separate low-value or coexisting radioactive elements when REEs are recovered from raw ore. Despite these advantages, only 1 % of REEs are usually recycled. This review overreached strategies for recycling REEs from secondary resources, emphasizing their pivotal role. The predominant approach for recycling REEs involves hydrometallurgical processing by leaching REEs from their origins using acidic solutions and then separating them from dissolved impurities using techniques like liquid-liquid extraction, membrane separation, chromatography, adsorption, flotation, and electrochemical methods. However, these methods have notable disadvantages, particularly their over requirements for water, reagents, and energy. Biohydrometallurgy introduces an innovative alternative using microorganisms and their metabolites to extract REEs through bioleaching. Other investigations are carried out to recover REEs through biological strategies, including biosorption, affinity chromatography with biological ligands, bioflotation employing biological surfactants, and bioelectrochemical methods. However, biohydrometallurgical processes can also be relatively slow and less suitable for large-scale applications, often lacking specificity for targeted REEs recovery. Overcoming these challenges necessitates ongoing research and development efforts to advance recycling technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Danouche
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - A Bounaga
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - A Oulkhir
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; Institute of Chemistry, Nice UMR7272, Côte d'Azur University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Nice, France
| | - R Boulif
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Y Zeroual
- Situation Innovation, OCP Group BP 118, Jorf Lasfar, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - R Benhida
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Sciences-Green Process Engineering (CBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco; Institute of Chemistry, Nice UMR7272, Côte d'Azur University, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Nice, France.
| | - K Lyamlouli
- College of Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, AgroBioScience Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
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Akfas F, Elghali A, Aboulaich A, Munoz M, Benzaazoua M, Bodinier JL. Exploring the potential reuse of phosphogypsum: A waste or a resource? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168196. [PMID: 37924873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG), the main industrial by-product of phosphate fertilizer industry, primarily consists of calcium sulfate dihydrate. However, it contains various impurities with variable quantities depending on the origin of the phosphate rock. These impurities can restrict the reuse of phosphogypsum as a secondary primary resource. Consequently, large quantities of produced PG are stored in surface stockpiles that occupy extensive land areas and may pose a significant risk of ecological contamination to the surroundings. Researchers have shown growing interest in addressing the worldwide accumulation of this waste material. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impact of phosphogypsum, it is crucial to explore its properties (e.g., chemistry, mineralogy, radioactivity), and how it interacts with the surrounding environment, enabling well-informed decisions decision regarding its management and its valorization. In this review, we will i) explore the chemical, radiological and mineralogical characteristics of PG; ii) discuss the environmental concerns related to land discharge and sea disposal; and iii) examine the latest advancements in various valorization techniques developed including agriculture, REE extraction, environmental application, chemical and thermal transformation, and also construction sector. Outlining their limitations and challenges restrict in the global variability of phosphogypsum (PG), technical and economic limitations, and the potential for secondary pollution in select valorization approaches. This requires a thorough assessment and comparison with conventional disposal alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akfas
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Abdellatif Elghali
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmaula Aboulaich
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Manuel Munoz
- Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
| | - Mostafa Benzaazoua
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Jean-Louis Bodinier
- Geology & Sustainable Mining Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot-660, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; Geoscience Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier-Cedex 5-34095, France
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Saldaña M, Jeldres M, Galleguillos Madrid FM, Gallegos S, Salazar I, Robles P, Toro N. Bioleaching Modeling-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16103812. [PMID: 37241440 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of minerals is one of the main unit operations in the metal dissolution process, and in turn it is a process that generates fewer environmental liabilities compared to pyrometallurgical processes. As an alternative to conventional leaching methods, the use of microorganisms in mineral treatment processes has become widespread in recent decades, due to advantages such as the non-production of emissions or pollution, energy savings, low process costs, products compatible with the environment, and increases in the benefit of low-grade mining deposits. The purpose of this work is to introduce the theoretical foundations associated with modeling the process of bioleaching, mainly the modeling of mineral recovery rates. The different models are collected from models based on conventional leaching dynamics modeling, based on the shrinking core model, where the oxidation process is controlled by diffusion, chemically, or by film diffusion until bioleaching models based on statistical analysis are presented, such as the surface response methodology or the application of machine learning algorithms. Although bioleaching modeling (independent of modeling techniques) of industrial (or large-scale mined) minerals is a fairly developed area, bioleaching modeling applied to rare earth elements is a field with great growth potential in the coming years, as in general bioleaching has the potential to be a more sustainable and environmentally friendly mining method than traditional mining methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Saldaña
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Matías Jeldres
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | | | - Sandra Gallegos
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Iván Salazar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
| | - Pedro Robles
- Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Norman Toro
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Arturo Prat University, Iquique 1110939, Chile
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Litvinova T, Kashurin R, Lutskiy D. Complex Formation of Rare-Earth Elements in Carbonate-Alkaline Media. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3140. [PMID: 37109974 PMCID: PMC10142519 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth metals are critical components for many industries. The extraction of rare earth metals from mineral raw materials presents many problems, both of a technological and theoretical nature. The use of man-made sources imposes strict requirements on the process. Thermodynamic and kinetic data that could describe the most detailed technological water-salt leaching and precipitation systems are insufficient. The study addresses the problem of a small amount of data on the formation and equilibrium of carbonate-alkali systems of rare earth metals. Isotherms of solubility of sparingly soluble carbonates with the formation of carbonate complexes are presented to evaluate equilibrium constants logK at zero ionic strength for Nd -11.3, Sm -8.6, Gd -8.0, and Ho -7.3. To accurately predict the system under consideration, a mathematical model was developed, which allows to calculate the water-salt composition. The initial data for calculation are concentration constants of stability of lanthanide complexes. This work will contribute to deepening knowledge about rare earth elements extraction problems and will serve as a reference for studying the thermodynamics of water-salt systems.
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Bakkar A, El-Sayed Seleman MM, Zaky Ahmed MM, Harb S, Goren S, Howsawi E. Recovery of vanadium and nickel from heavy oil fly ash (HOFA): a critical review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6327-6345. [PMID: 36824230 PMCID: PMC9942696 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00289f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy oil fly ash "HOFA" is the fly ash generated in power stations using heavy oil as fuel. HOFA is considered a hazardous waste because it contains considerable amounts of heavy metals. However, it contains significant amounts of vanadium "V" and nickel "Ni", which are precious metals for manufacturing processes. This paper presents a critical review of various approaches described in the literature for the recovery of V and Ni from HOFA, including processes of leaching, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The optimum operational parameters and their effects on recovery efficiency are discussed. The digestion mixtures of strong mineral acids used for dissolving all metals present in HOFA are also highlighted. The leaching processes of V and Ni use mainly acidic and alkaline solutions. Bioleaching is a promising environmentally friendly approach for the recovery of V and Ni through using appropriate bacteria and fungi. After leaching, V and Ni compounds are recovered and purified using various techniques, including chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. In most cases, V and Ni are recovered as thermally decomposable compounds that undergo calcination to produce V2O5 and NiO. Eventually, V and Ni are recovered as pure oxides in most approaches, but pure metals are obtained in exceptional procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Bakkar
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering at Al-Leith, Um Al-Qura University Al-Lith 28434 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez UniversitySuez 43512Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Zaky Ahmed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Al Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Harb
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering at Al-Leith, Um Al-Qura University Al-Lith 28434 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Goren
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering at Al-Leith, Um Al-Qura University Al-Lith 28434 Saudi Arabia
| | - Eskander Howsawi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering at Al-Leith, Um Al-Qura University Al-Lith 28434 Saudi Arabia
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Geochemical and mineralogical characterization of phosphogypsum and leaching tests for the prediction of the mobility of trace elements. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:43778-43794. [PMID: 36662430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoric acid manufacturing generates large amounts of phosphogypsum (PG); a by-product generally disposed in the surface or evacuated in the seawater without any pretreatment. Phosphogypsum may host non-negligible amounts of valuable elements such as rare earth elements (REEs), which are critical elements on the global market. Surface disposal of PG may be a sustainable option to allow further processing in order to recover valuable elements. However, surface disposal exposes PG to atmospheric conditions (e.g., water, oxygen) which may increase their reactivity and accelerate the release rate of chemical species. This study aims to evaluate the trace element release rate from PG at atmospheric conditions. The studied PG samples were collected from a Moroccan phosphate treatment plant. The samples were characterized for their (i) chemical composition using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for major elements and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for trace elements; (ii) mineralogical composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and the mineral chemical composition was analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS); and (iii) chemical species release rate using leaching tests over 24 h at 25 and 60 °C. Chemically, the PG samples were mainly composed of Ca (23.03-23.35 wt.%), S (17.65-17.71 wt.%), and Si (0.75-0.82 wt.%), and non-negligible amounts of trace elements: REE (344-349 ppm), Cd (3.5-7.4 ppm), U (9.3-27.4 ppm). Mineralogically, the PGs are mainly formed by gypsum (94.2-95.9 wt.%) and quartz (1.67-1.76 wt.%). In terms of chemical species release, the PGs showed a higher reactivity at 60 °C compared to room temperature with a higher release rate at the beginning of the leaching tests. Quantitatively, the PG samples released 3.57-4.11 µg/L/day of REE, 3.18-17.29 µg/L/day of U, and 1.67-5.49 µg/L/day of Cd. Based on the leaching results, we concluded that the trace elements (e.g., U, Cd, REE) are incorporated in PG crystal lattice, which may explain their low concentrations in the leachates. Consequently, total digestion of PG matrix is required to solubilize REE.
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Safiulina AM, Semenov AA, Lizunov AV, Lesina IG, Goryunov EI, Goryunova IB, Bodrin GV, Brel’ VK, Tananaev IG. Recovery and Separation of Rare Metals during the Processing of Eudialyte Concentrate with New Reagents of a Series of Phosphoryl Ketones. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362222060078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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10
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Daminescu D, Duţeanu N, Ciopec M, Negrea A, Negrea P, Nemeş NS, Berbecea A, Dobra G, Iliev S, Cotet L, Boiangiu A, Filipescu L. Scandium Recovery from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Processes in Low-Temperature-Activated Alumina Products. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710142. [PMID: 36077540 PMCID: PMC9456391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we studied the scandium adsorption from aqueous solutions on the surface of low-temperature-activated alumina products (GDAH). The GDAH samples are industrially manufactured, coming from the Bayer production cycle of the Sierra Leone bauxite as aluminium hydroxide, and further, by drying, milling, classifying and thermally treating up to dehydroxilated alumina products at low temperature. All experiments related to hydroxide aluminium activation were conducted at temperature values of 260, 300 and 400 °C on samples having the following particle sizes: <10 µm, 20 µm, <45 µm and <150 µm, respectively. The low-temperature-activated alumina products were characterised, and the results were published in our previous papers. In this paper, we studied the scandium adsorption process on the above materials and related thermodynamic and kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Daminescu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Victoriei Square, no. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Narcis Duţeanu
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Victoriei Square, no. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Mihaela Ciopec
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Victoriei Square, no. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Victoriei Square, no. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Petru Negrea
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Victoriei Square, no. 2, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Sorina Nemeş
- Renewable Energy Research Institute-ICER, Polytechnica University of Timişoara, Gavril Musicescu Street, no. 138, 300774 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Soil Sciences Department, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Mihai I of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului, no. 119, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Gheorghe Dobra
- Alro, S.A., Pitesti Street, no.116., 230048 Slatina, Romania
| | - Sorin Iliev
- Alum, S.A., Isaccei Street no. 83, 820228 Tulcea, Romania
| | - Lucian Cotet
- Alum, S.A., Isaccei Street no. 83, 820228 Tulcea, Romania
| | - Alina Boiangiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu Street, no. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Filipescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University Politehnica Bucharest, Polizu Street, no. 1-7, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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A critical review on extraction of valuable metals from solid waste. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pliaka M, Gaidajis G. Potential uses of phosphogypsum: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:746-763. [PMID: 35903962 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2105632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industry that is produced during the phosphoric acid production process. Annual global PG production ranges between 100 to 300 Mt, with only 15% of that utilized while the rest is usually placed on large dumps with potential serious human and environmental impacts. The aim of this study is to give an overview and to evaluate the existing and potential uses of PG that extend from soil stabilization to cement and chemical industry and for agricultural to geotechnical, human impacts, and environmental applications. More specifically, PG can be used as a substitute in the cement industry, in building materials and in road construction, as a fertilizer for soil improvement, as a raw material for the production of some chemicals, and as a backfilling material for the rehabilitation of abandoned mines and quarries, while the recovery of gypsum and the extraction of rare earth elements signifies the potential importance of PG to cyclic economy. The paper offers an extensive overview of existing and potential uses of PG, discusses their adequacy, and reveals that PG can be widely used under certain conditions, rather than disposed as waste in stockpiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pliaka
- Laboratory of Environmental Management and Industrial Ecology, Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
| | - Georgios Gaidajis
- Laboratory of Environmental Management and Industrial Ecology, Department of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi, Greece
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Editorial for the Special Issue on “Recovery of Precious Metals, Rare Earth Elements and Special Metals from Spent Secondary Products”. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for precious metals in chemical, petrochemical, electrical and electronic products, for medical and dentistry applications, as well as jewelry and automobile industries, when set against the dwindling natural deposits, demands the development of more efficient recovery methods as well as a move towards urban mining [...]
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