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Rusalev R, Rogozhnikov D, Dizer O, Golovkin D, Karimov K. Development of a Two-Stage Hydrometallurgical Process for Gold-Antimony Concentrate Treatment from the Olimpiadinskoe Deposit. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4767. [PMID: 37445081 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
An integrated two-stage metallurgical process has been developed to process concentrates from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit, which contain high levels of antimony and arsenic. The optimal parameters for the alkaline sulfide leaching process of the initial concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit were determined to achieve the maximum extraction of antimony at a 99% level. The recommended parameters include an L:S ratio of 4.5:1, a sodium sulfide concentration of 61 g/L, a sodium hydroxide concentration of 16.5 g/L, a duration of 3 h, and a temperature of 50 °C. A synergistic effect of co-processing alkaline sulfide leach cakes with sulfuric and nitric acids was observed. The pre-treatment step reduced the nitric acid composition by converting carbonates into gypsum and increased the arsenic extraction by 15% during subsequent nitric acid leaching. The laboratory research on the nitric acid leaching of decarbonized cake established the key parameters for the maximum iron and arsenic extraction in solution (92% and 98%, respectively), including an L:S ratio of 9:1, a nitric acid concentration of 6 mol/L, and a time of 90 min. Full polynomial equations for the iron and arsenic extraction from the decarbonized cake were derived. The model demonstrated a high relevance, as evidenced by the determination coefficients (R2) of 96.7% for iron and 93.2% for arsenic. The technology also achieved a high gold recovery rate of 95% from the two-stage alkaline sulfide and nitric acid leach cake. Furthermore, the maximum deposition of arsenic from the nitrate leach solution in the form of insoluble As2S3 was determined to be 99.9%. A basic technological flow sheet diagram for processing the flotation gold-antimony concentrate from the Olimpiadinskoe deposit was developed, including two stages: the production of metallic antimony and the gold extraction from the nitric leach cake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Rogozhnikov
- Laboratory of Advanced Technologies in Non-Ferrous and Ferrous Metals Raw Materials Processing, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Oleg Dizer
- Laboratory of Advanced Technologies in Non-Ferrous and Ferrous Metals Raw Materials Processing, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Golovkin
- Laboratory of Advanced Technologies in Non-Ferrous and Ferrous Metals Raw Materials Processing, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Karimov
- Laboratory of Advanced Technologies in Non-Ferrous and Ferrous Metals Raw Materials Processing, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
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Nasiri T, Mokhtari M, Teimouri F, Abouee E. Remediation of metals and plastic from e-waste by iron mine indigenous acidophilic bacteria. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:894-902. [PMID: 36245414 PMCID: PMC10108327 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221126418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The growing consumption of electrical and electronic equipment leads to high amounts of electronic waste (e-waste), which is now considered the fastest-growing waste stream at the national and international levels. As well as being a potential secondary resource due to its precious metals content, e-waste also contains strategic metals and plastics. For instance, mobile phones have about 25-55% plastic substances. A few studies have been performed to investigate the potential of indigenous bacteria in metals' bioleaching from the polluted environment. Heterotrophic bioleaching potential in acidic conditions had been preliminarily investigated. Two soil types of iron ore were considered the source of indigenous bacteria. Despite the acidophilic nature of the bacterial consortium, they continued their leaching activity regardless of alkaline conditions. Maximum biorecovery rate related to copper (4%) responding to the main soil, owing to the higher copper content of mobile phone waste. Chromium had the least recovery rate (⩽0.002%). Overall, the maximum metal recovery rate was 4.7%, achieved by tailing heterotrophs at an e-waste loading of 10 g l-1. Statistical analysis had shown that there was no significant difference between the metal recovery rates and soil type or even the solid-liquid ratio (p > 0.05). Although acidophilic indigenous heterotrophs could not be an appropriate alternative for a large amount of metal recovery process, they might have considerable potential in the bioremediation of e-waste plastic fractions and metals in low concentrations simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fahimeh Teimouri
- Fahimeh Teimouri, Environmental Sciences
and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering,
School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Alem
Square, Sohadaye Ghomnam Avenue, Yazd 035, Iran.
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Current Trends in Metal Biomining with a Focus on Genomics Aspects and Attention to Arsenopyrite Leaching-A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010186. [PMID: 36677478 PMCID: PMC9864737 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented review is based on scientific microbiological articles and patents in the field of biomining valuable metals. The main attention is paid to publications of the last two decades, which illustrate some shifts in objects of interest and modern trends both in general and applied microbiology. The review demonstrates that microbial bioleaching continues to develop actively, despite various problems in its industrial application. The previous classic trends in the microbial bioleaching persist and remain unchanged, including (i) the search for and selection of new effective species and strains and (ii) technical optimization of the bioleaching process. Moreover, new trends were formed during the last decades with an emphasis on the phylogeny of leaching microbiota and on genomes of the leaching microorganisms. This area of genomics provides new, interesting information and forms a basis for the subsequent construction of new leaching strains. For example, this review mentions some changed strains with increased resistance to toxic compounds. Additionally, the review considers some problems of bioleaching valuable metals from toxic arsenopyrite.
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Radi N, Hirche A, Boutaleb A. Assessment of soil contamination by heavy metals and arsenic in Tamesguida abandoned copper mine area, Médéa, Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:247. [PMID: 36580146 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal and arsenic pollution of soil remains a serious environmental problem long after mining operations have ended. For instance, the Tamesguida copper mine located in north-central Algeria has been abandoned for several decades without restoration or even an environmental impact assessment. Therefore, soils were collected from several locations in the vicinity of the old mine and tailings and analyzed for their Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Fe rates to gauge the scope of the soil contamination caused by these elements, and assessing their origin and their dispersion in the mine area. High copper and arsenic contents were recorded in tailings and surrounding soils, far exceeding the world average shale, crustal average, and local soils. Except for lead, the spatial distribution of heavy metals and As shows a decrease in content as one moves away from the tailings, and the correlation matrix and PCA performed associate the origin of these elements with previous mining activities. The pollution indices, notably contamination degree (CD) and the pollution load index (PLI), categorize the site as a highly polluted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Radi
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria.
- Laboratory of Energetic Processes and Nanotechnology Ex FUNDAPL, Faculty of Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, route de Soumâa, BP 270, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Saad Dahlab University, Blida 1, route de Soumâa, BP 270, Blida, 09000, Algeria.
| | - Azziz Hirche
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria
- Algiers 1 Benyoucef Benkhedda University, 2 Didouche Mourad street, BP 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Boutaleb
- LMMA-Laboratory of Algerian Metallogeny and Magmatism, Department of Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene-USTHB, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, 16011, Algiers, Algeria
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Bulaev A, Melamud V. Two-Stage Oxidative Leaching of Low-Grade Copper-Zinc Sulfide Concentrate. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091781. [PMID: 36144382 PMCID: PMC9500903 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioleaching may be effectively used to extract nonferrous metals from sulfide ores and concentrates. At the same time, some minerals are refractory and their bioleaching rate is often comparatively low that does not allow the required metal extraction rate to be achieved. In the present work, we studied the two-stage process, which included stages of biological and chemical leaching, to improve copper extraction from low grade Cu-Zn sulfide concentrate containing chalcopyrite, tennantite, pyrite, and sphalerite. Bioleaching was conducted in the continuous mode in three laboratory scale reactors connected in series. The pulp density was 10% and the residence time was 7 days. The temperature was 40 °C in the 1st reactor and 50 °C in the 2nd and 3rd reactors. Bioleaching allowed the extraction of 29.5 and 78% of Cu and Zn, respectively. The solid bioleach residue obtained was then treated for additional Cu and Zn recovery using high temperature leaching at 90 °C for 25 h. The liquid phase of the bioleaching pulp contained Fe3+ ions, which is the strong oxidant, and the leach solution was supplemented with NaCl. In the presence of the maximal NaCl concentration (1 M), Cu and Zn extraction reached 48 and 84%. Thus, two-stage leaching may allow to increase bioleaching efficiency and may be used to improve the bioleaching rate of refractory minerals, such as chalcopyrite.
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Options for Increasing the Rate of Bioleaching of Arsenic Containing Copper Concentrate. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work the effect of alkaline sulfide leaching (ASL) on the extraction of copper and zinc from low-grade copper concentrate containing chalcopyrite, tennantite, sphalerite, and pyrite during batch and continuous bioleaching experiments was studied. It was demonstrated that ASL and further bioleaching may be a promising approach for treatment of copper–zinc concentrates containing tennantite as this approach allows increasing copper extraction degree in comparison to one-stage bioleaching by 1.6–2.3 times. Thus, ASL was shown to be effective for pretreatment of tennantite containing concentrates to improve bioleaching for copper extraction. At the same time, ASL led to decrease in zinc extraction by 1.4–1.5 times. Therefore, the development of combined hydrometallurgical processes including ASL and bioleaching for effective metal leaching requires further studies to avoid negative effect on zinc extraction.
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Continuous Bioleaching of Arsenic-Containing Copper-Zinc Concentrate and Shift of Microbial Population under Various Conditions. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to study the bioleaching of arsenic-containing polymetallic concentrate that contained 6.2% Cu, 7.3% Zn and 1.7% As, depending on different temperatures and in the presence of CO2 and molasses in the medium, as well as the difference in the composition of microbial population formed under various conditions. A mixed population of moderately thermophilic and thermotolerant acidophilic microorganisms formed during the continuous bioleaching of copper concentrate was used as an inoculum. The experiments were carried out in a continuous mode in laboratory scale reactors, with a temperature range of 40 °C to 60 °C. To assess the effect of CO2 and molasses on metal leaching and microbial population composition, the experiments were carried out in three reactors: CO2 (~0.01 L/min) was supplied into the first reactor; 0.02% molasses were added to the pulp of the second reactor; and no additional carbon sources were supplied into the control reactor. The highest copper recovery (27%) was achieved at 50°C in the experiment with molasses, while the highest zinc recovery (82.1%) was reached at 45°C in the control experiment. Additional carbon sources affected the extraction of non-ferrous metals only at 60 °C and increased the extraction of copper and zinc by 12.6% and 24.2%, respectively. Both the temperature and carbon source used affected the microbial population composition. The main microbial genera revealed in the populations by next generation sequencing (NGS) were bacteria of the genera Sulfobacillus and Acidithiobacillus, as well as archaea of the genera Ferroplasma, Acidiplasma, and Cuniculiplasma. At low temperatures (40 and 45 °C), Acidithiobacillus, Sulfobacillus, and Ferroplasma predominated, while at temperatures 50–55 °C, the decrease in relative abundance of these genera occurred, and the predominance of Acidiplasma archaea was observed. The usage of both CO2 and molasses led to the increase in Sulfobacillus and Acidiplasma in relative abundance.
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Behavior of As/AsxSy in Neutral and Oxidizing Atmospheres at High Temperatures—An Overview. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The reaction mechanisms in As and As-S systems during their oxidation and/or thermal decomposition are complex to describe due to the physicochemical characteristics of arsenic and its sulfides; the information highlighted in the literature was analyzed and correlated to determinate the predominant phases and reaction mechanisms during the thermal decomposition and oxidation of arsenic, in its elemental form and in sulfurate phases. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that the predominant phases are mainly composed of allotropies of arsenic, sulfides, and dimers. In addition, reaction mechanisms are provided that describe the behavior of arsenic and its sulfides during its thermal decomposition and oxidation.
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Elkina YA, Melamud VS, Bulaev AG. Bioleaching of a Copper-Zinc Concentrate with High Arsenic Content. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s002626172006003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Elkina YA, Melnikova EA, Melamud VS, Bulaev AG. Bioleaching of Enargite and Tennantite by Moderately Thermophilic Acidophilic Microorganisms. Microbiology (Reading) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261720040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Arsenic Removal from Arsenopyrite-Bearing Iron Ore and Arsenic Recovery from Dust Ash by Roasting Method. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, arsenic is an unfavorable element in metallurgical processes. The mechanism of arsenic removal was investigated through roasting experiments performed on arsenopyrite-bearing iron ore. Thermodynamic calculation of arsenic recovery was carried out by FactSage 7.0 software (Thermfact/CRCT, Montreal, Canada; GTT-Technologies, Ahern, Germany). Moreover, the arsenic residues in dust ash were recovered by roasting dust ash in a reducing atmosphere. Furthermore, the corresponding chemical properties of the roasted ore and dust ash were determined by X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy, coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the arsenic in arsenopyrite-bearing iron ore can be removed in the form of As2O3(g) in an air or nitrogen atmosphere by a roasting method. The efficiency of arsenic removal through roasting in air was found to be less than that in nitrogen atmosphere. The method of roasting in a reducing atmosphere is feasible for arsenic recovery from dust ash. When the carbon mass ratio in dust ash is 1.83%, the arsenic removal products is almost volatilized and recovered in the form of As2O3(g).
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Wang X, Sun Z, Liu Y, Min X, Guo Y, Li P, Zheng Z. Effect of particle size on uranium bioleaching in column reactors from a low-grade uranium ore. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 281:66-71. [PMID: 30798088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of ore particle size on column bioleaching from low-grade uranium ore using an indigenous Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, isolated from local uranium ore. The uranium content was 0.033% by weight and ore particle size was crushed to <50 mm, <30 mm, and <15 mm. The additive content of sulfuric acid 5 g/L, Fe3+ dosage of 5.0 g/L, spray strength of 2.57 L/(h·m2) and temperature of 25 °C were controlled. After 150 days of leaching, acid consumption amounted to 2.73 g H2SO4 per kg ore, the obtained maximum uranium extraction was 64.85% with the ore particle size of <15 mm. The results showed that a smaller particle size ore had a higher uranium extraction and that an economic uranium extraction can be obtained by correctly controlling the ore granularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegang Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhanxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Xiaobo Min
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China; Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
| | - Yadan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, China
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