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Song H, Lv H, Xia D, Tian J. Research on the Biogas Production Mechanism of Mudstone in the Qaidam Basin under Different CO 2 Pressures. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:40559-40565. [PMID: 39371968 PMCID: PMC11447840 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Mudstone, a class of sedimentary rocks rich in organic matter, possesses considerable potential for biogas production. Mudstones possess a rich biological origin, which is conducive to refining the mechanisms and enrichment patterns of biogenic gas reservoirs. This has significant theoretical and practical implications for guiding the exploration and development of Quaternary mudstone gas reservoirs. Furthermore, the Qaidam Basin is an excellent place for the geological storage of CO2 due to its rich petroleum reservoir conditions. Experimental research on biogas production under diverse CO2 pressure-mudstone-microorganism-water interactions is conducted to determine the biogas production mechanism of mudstone under different CO2 pressures during sequestration circumstances. According to the results: (1) under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions, there is a slight initial increase in biogas production, followed by a gradual decrease. The periods and peaks of gas production vary among the different reaction groups. As carbon dioxide pressure increases, the gas production cycle lengthens significantly, while the gas yield declines. (2) Siderite and secondary carbonate minerals have increased in the mudstone's mineral fraction both before and after biogas production, while clay mineral groups have decreased. Specifically, there was a notable drop in chlorite and kaolinite. (3) Microorganism species in the system were analyzed, and the results showed that there was a gap in each microorganism's ability to adapt to its surroundings, and the diversity and quantity of bacteria declined with increasing pressure. After carbon dioxide was fluxed, there was a considerable shift in the pattern of biogas generation, which consequently had a major impact on the alterations in mineral fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Song
- Institute
of Business Administration, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Hang Lv
- Institute
of Resources & Environment, Henan Polytechnic
University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Daping Xia
- Institute
of Energy Science & Engineering, Henan
Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety and Clean High Efficiency Utilization, Jiaozuo 454000, China
- Henan
Province Coal Mine Rock Strata Control International Joint Laboratory, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Jixian Tian
- Research
Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development - Langfang Branch, Langfang 065000, China
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2
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Hasan MI, Bag S, Halder D, Bhowmik S, Chakraborty A, Ghosh A. Simultaneous removal of malachite green and lead from water by consortium dry-biomasses of Bacillus licheniformis AG3 and Bacillus cereus M 116. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19707. [PMID: 39181952 PMCID: PMC11344758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic textile dye malachite green (MG) and heavy metals present in industrial wastewater are hazardous to the ecosystem. Bioremediation of dyes and heavy metals using dry-biomasses has advantages over chemical methods. This study screened an acclimatized, heavy metal-resistant, and dye-degrading Gram positive Bacillus licheniformis AG3 strain from the textile wastewater near Kolkata, West Bengal. The EDXRF analysis of this colored wastewater effluent showed 36.33 mg/L lead, significantly higher than the WHO recommendation. Previously, Bag et al. showed bioremediation of synthetic dyes using dry-biomass of Bacillus cereus M116 from an aqueous solution (Bag et al. Arch Microbiol 203(7):3811-3823, 2021). Here, a consortium of dry-biomasses of B. licheniformis AG3 and B. cereus M116 strains (1:1 w/w ratio) was prepared for the simultaneous removal of lead and MG from wastewater. Statistical optimization determines that the pH, initial concentration of contaminants, and dry-biomass concentrations are critical for bioremediation under batch procedures. Further, optimization using the response surface methodology showed that 0.01% consortium dry-biomasses eliminated a maximum of 99.35% MG and 96.01% lead (II) within 6 h. SEM-EDS and FTIR confirmed a strong surface biosorption. Furthermore, a fixed-bed biofilter column of the consortium dry-biomasses was prepared, which was able to remove 98.1% MG and 98.5% lead at the 0.5-1 mL/min flow rate. Together, this study developed a biofilter with a consortium dry biomasses of B. licheniformis AG3 and B. cereus M116 for the simultaneous removal of MG and lead from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imran Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Surajit Bag
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, University of Calcutta, 8, 2, Jadavpur Central Rd, Bijoygarh, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Dipankar Halder
- Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sutapa Bhowmik
- Qualissure Laboratory Services, 45/361 Prantik Pally, Kolkata, 700107, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Block-LB, Plot-8, Sector-III, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700106, India
| | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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3
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Zou CX, Sun ZB, Wang WD, Wang T, Bo YX, Wang Z, Zheng CL. The effect of extracellular polymeric substances on MICP solidifying rare earth slags and stabilizing Th and U. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:232. [PMID: 38834810 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been used to cure rare earth slags (RES) containing radionuclides (e.g. Th and U) and heavy metals with favorable results. However, the role of microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in MICP curing RES remains unclear. In this study, the EPS of Lysinibacillus sphaericus K-1 was extracted for the experiments of adsorption, inducing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation and curing of RES. The role of EPS in in MICP curing RES and stabilizing radionuclides and heavy metals was analyzed by evaluating the concentration and morphological distribution of radionuclides and heavy metals, and the compressive strength of the cured body. The results indicate that the adsorption efficiencies of EPS for Th (IV), U (VI), Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ were 44.83%, 45.83%, 53.7%, 61.3%, 42.1%, and 77.85%, respectively. The addition of EPS solution resulted in the formation of nanoscale spherical particles on the microorganism surface, which could act as an accumulating skeleton to facilitate the formation of CaCO3. After adding 20 mL of EPS solution during the curing process (Treat group), the maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the cured body reached 1.922 MPa, which was 12.13% higher than the CK group. The contents of exchangeable Th (IV) and U (VI) in the cured bodies of the Treat group decreased by 3.35% and 4.93%, respectively, compared with the CK group. Therefore, EPS enhances the effect of MICP curing RES and reduces the potential environmental problems that may be caused by radionuclides and heavy metals during the long-term sequestration of RES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Xiong Zou
- College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Zhen-Bo Sun
- College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Wei-da Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China.
- Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu Province Yancheng City Hope Avenue Road 1, Yancheng, China.
| | - Tan Wang
- College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
- School of Civil Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
| | - Yan-Xin Bo
- College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Kundoulun District, No. 7, Alding Street, Baotou City, China.
| | - Chun-Li Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
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4
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Yan H, Zhu X, Li Z, Liu Z, Jin S, Zhou X, Han Z, Woo J, Meng L, Chi X, Han C, Zhao Y, Tucker ME, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Waheed J. Effect of Ba 2+ on the biomineralization of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions induced by Bacillus licheniformis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:182. [PMID: 38668902 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The effect of barium ions on the biomineralization of calcium and magnesium ions is often overlooked when utilizing microbial-induced carbonate precipitation technology for removing barium, calcium, and magnesium ions from oilfield wastewater. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis was used to bio-precipitate calcium, magnesium, and barium ions. The effects of barium ions on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of bacteria, as well as the components of extracellular polymers and mineral characteristics, were also studied in systems containing coexisting barium, calcium, and magnesium ions. The results show that the increasing concentrations of barium ions decreased pH, carbonic anhydrase activity, and concentrations of bicarbonate and carbonate ions, while it increased the contents of humic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA in extracellular polymers in the systems containing all three types of ions. With increasing concentrations of barium ions, the content of magnesium within magnesium-rich calcite and the size of minerals precipitated decreased, while the full width at half maximum of magnesium-rich calcite, the content of O-C=O and N-C=O, and the diversity of protein secondary structures in the minerals increased in systems containing all three coexisting ions. Barium ions does inhibit the precipitation of calcium and magnesium ions, but the immobilized bacteria can mitigate the inhibitory effect. The precipitation ratios of calcium, magnesium, and barium ions reached 81-94%, 68-82%, and 90-97%. This research provides insights into the formation of barium-enriched carbonate minerals and offers improvements for treating oilfield wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiao Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Shengping Jin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhou
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Zuozhen Han
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Jusun Woo
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Long Meng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Xiangqun Chi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Maurice E Tucker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - Yueming Zhao
- Qingdao West Coast New District First High School, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| | - Junaid Waheed
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13110, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Gao X, Han Z, Zhao Y, Zhou G, Lyu X, Qi Z, Liu F, Tucker ME, Steiner M, Han C. Interaction of microorganisms with carbonates from the micro to the macro scales during sedimentation: Insights into the early stage of biodegradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120714. [PMID: 38537463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The assembly process of Organic Matter (OM) from single molecules to polymers and the formation process of Ca-CO3 ion-pairs are explored at the micro-scale, and then the relationship between OM and carbonate based on the results of microbially-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) laboratory experiments is established at the macro-scale. Molecular dynamics (MD) is used to model the assembly of OM (a) in an aqueous solution, (b) on surfaces of calcite (10 1‾ 4) crystals and (c) on defective calcite (101‾ 4) crystal surfaces. From the MICP experiments, carbonate minerals containing abundant OM were precipitated and were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the MD show that OM is assembled into polymers in all three simulation systems. Although the Ca-CO3 ion-pairs and OM were briefly combined, the aggregation assembly of OM molecules and the precipitation of carbonate calcium are not related in the long run. The highly specific surface area of the defective calcite shows an increase in the adsorption of OM. The van der Waals forces, which are primarily responsible for controlling the assembly of OM molecules, increase with the degree of aggregation. According to the MICP experiments, OM is enriched on the mineral surfaces, and more OM is found at the steps of defective crystals with their larger surface areas. Through MD and MICP laboratory experiments, this work systematically describes the interaction of OM and carbonate minerals from the micro to the macro scales, and this provides insight into the interaction between OM and carbonates and biogeochemical processes related to the accumulation of OM in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zuozhen Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaowei Lyu
- Qingdao Qiushi Industrial Technology Research Institute, Qingdao 266427, China
| | - Zhenhua Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Maurice E Tucker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - Michael Steiner
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Haus D, Berlin 12249, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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6
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Gao X, Han Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Zhai D, Li J, Qin Y, Liu F, Wang Q, Steiner M, Han C. Microbial-mineral interaction experiments and density functional theory calculations revealing accelerating effects for the dolomitization of calcite surfaces by organic components. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169971. [PMID: 38211867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Carbonates represent major sedimentary rocks in on the continental and oceanic crust of Earth and are often closely related to microbial activities. However, the origin of magnesium-containing carbonates, such as dolomites, has not yet been fully resolved and was debated for many years. In order to reveal the specific role of organic components and microbes on the precipitation of magnesium ions, different dolomitization experiments were carried out with various setups for the presence of eight amino acids and microbes. The Gibbs free energy for dehydration of Mg[6(H2O)]2+ and organic‑magnesium complexes (OMC) at the calcite (101¯4) step edges were calculated by density functional theory (DFT). Combined results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) indicated that magnesium ions were incorporated into the crystal lattice of calcite after calcite reacting with organic‑magnesium solutions (OMS). Dolomite was formed on the surface of calcite under the presence of microbes. The Gibbs free energy barrier of asp, glu, gly, thr, tyr, lys, ser, and ala bonding to Mg[6(H2O)]2+ were 17.8, 16.2, 14.8, 16.5, 19.2, 14.5, 19.0, 17.0 kcal/mol, those are lower than that of the direct dehydration of Mg[6(H2O)]2+ of 19.45 kcal/mol. The Gibbs free barrier of OMC bonding at the acute step ([481¯] and [4¯41]) of 29.7/34.25 kcal/mol are lower than that of Mg[6(H2O)]2+ of 32.45/36.7 kcal/mol and the Gibbs free barrier of OMC bonding at the obtuse step ([481¯] and [4¯41]) of 42.07/47.6 kcal/mol are lower than that of Mg[6(H2O)]2+ of 55.4/60.34 kcal/mol. The enhancing effects of organic components and microbes on the precipitation of magnesium ions were collectively determined through experimental and theoretical calculation, thus setting up a new direction for future studies of dolomitization with a focus on microbial- mineral interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zuozhen Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056002, China
| | - Dong Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yulei Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China; State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qiyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Michael Steiner
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Department of Earth Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, Haus D, Berlin 12249, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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7
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Mwandira W, Mavroulidou M, Satheesh A, Gunn MJ, Gray C, Purchase D, Garelick J. An electrokinetic-biocementation study for clay stabilisation using carbonic anhydrase-producing bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:104916-104931. [PMID: 37702861 PMCID: PMC10567949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of biocementing clay soil underneath a railway embankment of the UK rail network via carbonic anhydrase (CA) biocementation, implementing the treatments electrokinetically. Compared to previous biocementation studies using the ureolytic route, the CA pathway is attractive as CA-producing bacteria can sequester CO2 to produce biocement. Clay soil samples were treated electrokinetically using biostimulation and bioaugmentation conditions to induce biocementation. The effects of the treatment were assessed in terms of undrained shear strength using the cone penetration test, moisture content, and calcium carbonate content measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were also conducted on soil samples before and after treatment to evaluate the reaction products. The results showed that upon biostimulation, the undrained shear strength of the soil increased uniformly throughout the soil, from 17.6 kPa (in the natural untreated state) to 106.6 kPa. SEM micrographs also showed a clear change in the soil structure upon biostimulation. Unlike biostimulation, bioaugmentation did not have the same performance, although a high amount of CaCO3 precipitates was detected, and bacteria were observed to have entered the soil. The prospects are exciting, as it was shown that it is possible to achieve a considerable strength increase by the biostimulation of native bacteria capturing CO2 while improving the soil strength, thus having the potential to contribute both to the resilience of existing railway infrastructure and to climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Mwandira
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Maria Mavroulidou
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK.
| | - Anjali Satheesh
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Michael John Gunn
- Division of Civil and Building Services Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | | | - Diane Purchase
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Garelick
- Network Rail-Eastern Region, One Stratford Place, Stratford City, London, E20, UK
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8
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Yan H, Huang M, Wang J, Geng H, Zhang X, Qiu Z, Dai Y, Han Z, Xu Y, Meng L, Zhao L, Tucker ME, Zhao H. Difference in calcium ion precipitation between free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 122:184-200. [PMID: 35717084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods. However, the low sodium chloride (NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations. Here, calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater (10% NaCl) were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined. The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies, abundant organic functional groups (C-H, C-O-C, C=O, etc), protein secondary structures (β-sheet, α-helix, 310 helix, and β-turn), P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p, and more negative δ13CPDB (‰) values (-16.8‰ to -18.4‰). The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method. Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions, by the 10th day, Ca2+ ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89% and 80%-88% with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations. Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation, and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria. Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together, had higher contents of Mg, P, and S, lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures. This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater, providing an easy step in the process of desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiao Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Meiyu Huang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Heding Geng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiyu Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Ziyang Qiu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yongliang Dai
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zuozhen Han
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yudong Xu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
| | - Long Meng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Lanmei Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Maurice E Tucker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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Biomineralization of Carbonates Induced by Mucilaginibacter gossypii HFF1: Significant Role of Biochemical Parameters. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Although the precipitation of carbonate minerals induced by various bacteria is widely studied, the changes in the biochemical parameters, and their significant role in the biomineralization processes, still need further exploration. In this study, Mucilaginibacter gossypii HFF1 was isolated, identified, and used to induce carbonate minerals at various Mg/Ca ratios. The biochemical parameters were determined in order to explore the biomineralization mechanisms, including cell concentration, pH, ammonia, carbonic anhydrase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity. The characteristics of extracellular minerals and intracellular inclusions were both analyzed. In addition, the amino acid composition of the extracellular polymeric substance was also tested. Results show that the biochemical parameters provide an alkaline environment for precipitation, due to the combined effect of ammonia, carbonic anhydrase, and alkaline phosphatase. Biotic minerals are characterized by preferred orientation, specific shape, and better crystalline and better thermal stability, indicating their biogenesis. Most of the amino acids in the extracellular polymeric substance are negatived charged, and facilitate the binding of magnesium and calcium ions. The particles with weak crystalline structure in the EPS prove that it acts as a nucleation site. Intracellular analyses prove the presence of the intracellular amorphous inclusions. Our results suggest that the changes in the biochemical parameters caused by bacteria are beneficial to biomineralization, and play a necessary role in its process. This offers new insight into understanding the biomineralization mechanism of the bacteria HFF1.
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Min D, Cheng L, Liu JQ, Liu DF, Li WW, Yu HQ. Ligand-Assisted Formation of Soluble Mn(III) and Bixbyite-like Mn 2O 3 by Shewanella putrefaciens CN32. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3812-3820. [PMID: 35226466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional material synthesis through biomineralization is effective and environmentally friendly. Biomineralized manganese (Mn) oxides are important for remediation and energy storage. Manganese(II) biomineralization is achieved by a diverse group of bacteria. We show that in the presence of oxygen the dissimilatory manganese-reducing bacterium Shewanella putrefaciens CN32 can oxidize Mn(II). The Mn(II) oxidation was accelerated with the increase in the initial Mn(II) concentration from 0.5 to 3 mM. The reaction was mainly associated with a cell-free filtrate, rather than the direct enzymatic oxidation or indirect oxidation by reactive oxygen species or macrocyclic siderophores. Instead, indirect oxidization of Mn(II) into soluble Mn(III) and bixbyite-like Mn2O3 via microbially produced extracellular ligands (molecular weights of 1-3 kDa) was identified. This work broadens our view about microbial Mn(II) oxidation and unveils the important roles of Shewanella species in the geochemical cycling of manganese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Min
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dong-Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang C, Li X, Lyu J, Li F. Comparison of carbonate precipitation induced by Curvibacter sp. HJ-1 and Arthrobacter sp. MF-2: Further insight into the biomineralization process. J Struct Biol 2020; 212:107609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Biomineralization of Carbonate Minerals Induced by The Moderate Halophile Staphylococcus Warneri YXY2. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although biomineralization of minerals induced by microorganisms has been widely reported, the mechanisms of biomineralization and the characteristics of the biominerals precipitated needs to be studied further. In this study, Staphylococcus warneri YXY2, a moderate halophile, was used to induce the precipitation of carbonate minerals at various Mg/Ca molar ratios. To investigate the biomineralization mechanism, the growth curve, pH changes, ammonia test, the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate ions, and the activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy - energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and stable carbon isotope analyses were used to characterize the minerals. The obtained biotic minerals were calcite, vaterite, Mg-rich calcite, and aragonite crystals. The crystallinity of aragonite decreased with increasing Mg/Ca ratios. The preferred orientation, diverse morphologies, organic substances, and more negative stable carbon isotope values proved the biogenesis of these carbonate minerals. The presence of Mg in the biotic aragonite crystals was likely related to the acidic amino acids which also facilitated the nucleation of minerals on/in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions were able to enter into the YXY2 bacteria to induce intracellular biomineralization. Dynamics simulation using Material Studio software proved that different adsorption energies of Glutamic acid (Glu) adsorbed onto different crystal planes of aragonite led to the preferred orientation of aragonite. This study helps to deepen our understanding of biomineralization mechanisms and may be helpful to distinguish biotic minerals from abiotic minerals.
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Bio-Precipitation of Carbonate and Phosphate Minerals Induced by the Bacterium Citrobacter freundii ZW123 in an Anaerobic Environment. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a facultative anaerobic strain isolated from marine sediments and identified as Citrobacter freundii, was used to induce the precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals in the laboratory under anaerobic conditions. This is the first time that the ability of C. freundii ZW123 to precipitate carbonate and phosphate minerals has been demonstrated. During the experiments, carbonic anhydrase, alkaline phosphatase and ammonium released by the bacteria not only promoted an increase in pH, but also drove the supersaturation and precipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals. The predominant bio-mediated minerals precipitated at various Mg/Ca molar ratios were calcite, vaterite, Mg-rich calcite, monohydrocalcite and struvite. A preferred orientation towards struvite was observed. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and elemental mapping showed the distribution of magnesium and calcium elements within Mg-rich calcite. Many organic functional groups, including C=O, C–O–C and C–O, were detected within the biominerals, and these functional groups were also identified in the associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Fifteen kinds of amino acid were detected in the biotic minerals, almost identical to those of the EPS, indicating a close relationship between EPS and biominerals. Most amino acids are negatively charged and able to adsorb cations, providing an oversaturated microenvironment to facilitate mineral nucleation. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectrum of struvite shows the presence of organic functional groups on the mineral surface, suggesting a role of the microorganism in struvite precipitation. The ZW123 bacteria provided carbon and nitrogen for the formation of the biotic minerals through their metabolism, which further emphasizes the close relationship between biominerals and the microorganisms. Thermal studies showed the enhanced thermal stability of biotic minerals, perhaps due to the participation of the bacteria ZW123. The presence of amino acids such as Asp and Glu may explain the high magnesium content of some calcites. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that the morphological change and preferred orientation were likely caused by selective adsorption of EPS onto the various struvite crystal surfaces. Thus, this study shows the significant role played by C. freundii ZW123 in the bioprecipitation of carbonate and phosphate minerals and provides some insights into the processes involved.
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Biomineralization of Monohydrocalcite Induced by the Halophile Halomonas smyrnensis WMS‐3. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The halophilic bacterium Halomonas smyrnensis from a modern salt lake used in experiments to induce biomineralization has resulted in the precipitation of monohydrocalcite and other carbonate minerals. In this study, a Halomonas smyrnensis WMS‐3 (GenBank:MH425323) strain was identified based on 16S rDNA homology comparison, and then cultured in mediums with 3% NaCl concentration to induce monohydrocalcite at different Mg/Ca molar ratios of 0, 2, 5, 7, and 9. The growth curve of WMS‐3 bacteria, pH values, NH4+ concentration, HCO3− and CO32− concentration, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, and the changes in Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentration were determined to further explore the extracellular biomineralization mechanism. Moreover, the nucleation mechanism of monohydrocalcite on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was analyzed through studying ultrathin slices of the WMS‐3 strain by High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Selected area election diffraction (SAED), Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), and elemental mapping, besides this, amino acids in the EPS were also analyzed. The results show that pH increased to about 9.0 under the influence of ammonia and CA activity. The precipitation ratio (%, the ratio of the mass/volume concentration) of the Ca2+ ion was 64.32%, 62.20%, 60.22%, 59.57%, and 54.42% at Mg/Ca molar ratios of 0, 2, 5, 7, and 9, respectively, on the 21st day of the experiments, and 6.69%, 7.10%, 7.74%, 8.09% for the Mg2+ ion concentration at Mg/Ca molar ratios 2, 5, 7, and 9, respectively. The obtained minerals were calcite, Mg‐rich calcite, aragonite, and hydromagnesite, in addition to the monohydrocalcite, as identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. Monohydrocalcite had higher crystallinity when the Mg/Ca ratio increased from 7 to 9; thus, the stability of monohydrocalcite increased, also proven by the thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The C=O and C–O–C organic functional groups present in/on the minerals analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the various morphologies and the existence of P and S determined by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM‐EDS), the relatively more negative stable carbon isotope values (−16.91‰ to −17.91‰) analyzed by a carbon isotope laser spectrometer, plus the typical surface chemistry by XPS, all support the biogenesis of these mineral precipitates. Moreover, Ca2+ ions were able to enter the bacterial cell to induce intracellular biomineralization. This study is useful to understand the mechanism of biomineralization further and may provide theoretical reference concerning the formation of monohydrocalcite in nature.
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Distribution, Enrichment and Transport of Trace Metals in Sediments from the Dagu River Estuary in the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
26 river bank sediments and 15 estuary seafloor sediments were sampled from the Dagu River and the estuary of Northwestern Jiaozhou Bay to determine contaminations of heavy metals and metalloids (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg and As). The trace metal contents in sediment from the estuary area were much higher than those of the river. Correlation analysis showed that except for Pb, the metals were mainly controlled by the grain size, and enriched by adsorption of aluminosilicate minerals, Fe/Mn oxides and organic matter in river and estuary sediments. In addition to Cu in some stations, the metals met the requirements of the marine organism and humans for the quality of the marine environment. The concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cr, Hg and As were between the threshold effect level (TEL) and probable effect level (PEL), indicating those metals might have occasional adverse effects. Results of Enrichment Factor values revealed that the entire study area was enriched in Pb and Hg, at moderate environmental risk, but the estuary was more significant. Pb and Hg contaminations in this area were mainly from coal combustion and automobile emissions. River runoff and atmospheric deposition dominated the metals distribution and enrichment in the study area. Contaminants in sediments entering the estuary were further transported to the south and east under the river runoff and reciprocating current in the Jiaozhou Bay.
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Bio-Precipitation of Calcium and Magnesium Ions through Extracellular and Intracellular Process Induced by Bacillus Licheniformis SRB2. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Removal of calcium and magnesium ions through biomineralization induced by bacteria has been proven to be an effective and environmentally friendly method to improve water quality, but the process and mechanism are far from fully understood. In this study, a newly isolated probiotic Bacillus licheniformis SRB2 (GenBank: KM884945.1) was used to induce the bio-precipitation of calcium and magnesium at various Mg/Ca molar ratios (0, 6, 8, 10, and 12) in medium with 30 g L−1 sodium chloride. Due to the increasing pH and HCO3− and CO32− concentrations caused by NH3 and carbonic anhydrase, about 98% Ca2+ and 50% Mg2+ were precipitated in 12 days. The pathways of bio-precipitation include extracellular and intracellular processes. Biominerals with more negative δ13C values (−16‰ to −18‰) were formed including calcite, vaterite, monohydrocalcite, and nesquehonite with preferred orientation. The nucleation on extracellular polymeric substances was controlled by the negatively charged amino acids and organic functional groups. The intracellular amorphous inclusions containing calcium and magnesium also contributed to the bio-precipitation. This study reveals the process and mechanism of microbial desalination for the removal of calcium and magnesium, and provides some references to explain the formation of the nesquehonite and other carbonate minerals in a natural and ancient earth surface environment.
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Can Primary Ferroan Dolomite and Ankerite Be Precipitated? Its Implications for Formation of Submarine Methane-Derived Authigenic Carbonate (MDAC) Chimney. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9070413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbes can mediate the precipitation of primary dolomite under surface conditions. Meanwhile, primary dolomite mediated by microbes often contains more Fe2+ than standard dolomite in modern microbial culture experiments. Ferroan dolomite and ankerite have been regarded as secondary products. This paper reviews the process and possible mechanisms of microbial mediated precipitation of primary ferroan dolomite and/or ankerite. In the microbial geochemical Fe cycle, many dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (DIRB), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and methanogens can reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, while SRB and methanogens can also promote the precipitation of primary dolomite. There are an oxygen respiration zone (ORZ), an iron reduction zone (IRZ), a sulfate reduction zone (SRZ), and a methanogenesis zone (MZ) from top to bottom in the muddy sediment diagenesis zone. DIRB in IRZ provide the lower section with Fe2+, which composes many enzymes and proteins to participate in metabolic processes of SRB and methanogens. Lastly, heterogeneous nucleation of ferroan dolomite on extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and cell surfaces is mediated by SRB and methanogens. Exploring the origin of microbial ferroan dolomite may help to solve the “dolomite problem”.
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Mechanism of Biomineralization Induced by Bacillus subtilis J2 and Characteristics of the Biominerals. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Biomineralization induced by microorganisms has become a hot spot in the field of carbonate sedimentology; however, the mechanisms involved still need to be explored. In this study, the bacterium Bacillus subtilis J2 (GenBank MG575432) was used to induce the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals at Mg/Ca molar ratios of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Bacillus subtilis J2 bacteria released ammonia to increase pH, but the ammonia released only made the pH increase to 8.25. Carbonic anhydrase was also produced to catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide, and this process released carbonate and bicarbonate ions that not only increased pH but also elevated carbonate supersaturation. The biominerals formed at a Mg/Ca molar ratio of 0 were spherulitic, elongated, dumbbell-shaped, and irregularly rhombohedral calcite; at a Mg/Ca molar ratio of 3, the biominerals were calcite and aragonite, the weight ratio of calcite decreased from 26.7% to 15.6%, and that of aragonite increased from 73.3% to 84.4% with increasing incubation time. At higher Mg/Ca molar ratios, the biominerals were aragonite, and the crystallinity and thermal stability of aragonite decreased with increasing Mg/Ca molar ratios. FTIR results showed that many organic functional groups were present on/within the biominerals, such as C–O–C, N–H, C=O, O–H, and C–H. HRTEM-SAED examination of the ultra-thin slices of B. subtilis J2 bacteria showed that nano-sized minerals with poor crystal structure had grown or been adsorbed on the EPS coating. The EPS of the B. subtilis J2 strain contained abundant glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which could be deprotonated in an alkaline condition to adsorb Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions; this made EPS act as the nucleation sites. This study may provide some references for further understanding of the mechanism of biomineralization induced by microorganisms.
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