1
|
Fernandes DA, Gomes BA, Mendonça SC, Pinheiro CDC, Sanchez EOF, Leitão SG, Fuly AL, Leitão GG. Alkaloids from Siparuna (Siparunaceae) are predicted as the inhibitors of proteolysis and plasma coagulation caused by snake venom and potentially counteract phospholipase A 2 activity of Bothrops jararaca. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118349. [PMID: 38762214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is the world's most lethal neglected tropical disease. Bothrops jararaca is the species that causes the greatest number of SBEs in the South and Southeastern of Brazil. The main symptoms are local (inflammation, edema, hemorrhage, and myonecrosis) and systemic (hemorrhage, hemostatic alterations with consumptive coagulopathy, and death) effects. Species of the genus Siparuna, Siparunaceae, are used in folk and traditional medicine to treat SBE. However, limited information is available concerning Brazilian Siparuna species against SBE. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the correlation between the compounds present in the extracts of five Siparuna species as potential agents against proteolytic activity, plasma coagulation, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity caused by B. jararaca venom, using data obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS, biological activity, and multivariate statistics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanol extracts from leaves of S. ficoides, S. decipiens, S. glycycarpa, S. reginae, and S. cymosa were fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction using different solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol), affording their respective extracts, totaling 25 samples that were assayed through in vitro plasma coagulation and proteolytic activity assays. Moreover, the extracts were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS, using electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) in negative and positive ionization modes. The data was processed in MZmine v. 2.53 and evaluated by multivariate statistical tests (PLS) using the software UnscramblerX v. 10.4. These data were also used to build molecular networks (GNPS), and some ions of interest could be annotated using the library of molecules on the GNPS platform. RESULTS A total of 19 extracts inhibited B. jararaca-induced plasma coagulation, with emphasis on S. cymosa and S. reginae (800 s). The inhibition of the proteolytic activity was also promising, ranging from 16% (S. glycycarpa) to 99% (S. cymosa, S. decipiens, and S. reginae). In addition, most extracts from S. cymosa and S. reginae inhibited 70-90% of PLA2 activity. Based on data from positive mode APCI analyses, it was possible to obtain a statistic model with reliable predictive capacity which exhibited an average R2 of 0.95 and a Q2 of 0.88, indicating a robust fit. This process revealed five ions, identified as the alkaloids: coclaurine (1), stepholidine (2) O-methylisopiline (3), nornantenine (4) and laurolitsine (5). This is the first study to evidence the potential antivenom of alkaloids from Siparuna species. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results give support to the popular use of Siparuna extracts in SBE accidents, suggesting their potential as an alternative or complementary strategy against envenoming by B. jararaca venom. The predicted ions in the chemometric analysis for the assayed activities can also be correlated with the blocking activity and encourage the continuation of this study for possible isolation and testing of individual compounds on the used models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diégina Araújo Fernandes
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Brendo Araujo Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Simony Carvalho Mendonça
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A2, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - Camila de Castro Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas - Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi/RJ, 24210-130, Brazil.
| | - Eladio Oswaldo Flores Sanchez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas de Animais Venenosos, Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte/MG, 30510-010, Brazil.
| | - Suzana Guimarães Leitão
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco A2, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| | - André Lopes Fuly
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi/RJ, 24210-201, Brazil.
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Matos RC, Bitencourt AFA, de Oliveira ADM, Prado VR, Machado RR, Scopel M. Evidence for the efficacy of anti-inflammatory plants used in Brazilian traditional medicine with ethnopharmacological relevance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118137. [PMID: 38574778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE When exacerbated, inflammatory processes can culminate in physical and emotional disorders and, if not stopped, can be lethal. The high prevalence of inflammation has become a public health problem, and the need for new drugs to treat this pathology is imminent. The use of medicinal plants has emerged as an alternative, and a survey of data that corroborates its application in inflammatory diseases is the starting point. Furthermore, Brazil harbors a megadiversity, and the traditional use of plants is relevant and needs to be preserved and carefully explored for the discovery of new medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This review sought to survey the medicinal plants traditionally used in Brazil for the treatment of inflammatory processes and to perform, in an integrative way, a data survey of these species and analysis of their phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS Brazilian plants that are traditionally used for inflammation (ophthalmia, throat inflammation, orchitis, urinary tract inflammation, ear inflammation, and inflammation in general) are listed in the DATAPLAMT database. This database contains information on approximately 3400 native plants used by Brazilians, which were registered in specific documents produced until 1950. These inflammatory disorders were searched in scientific databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, Virtual Health Library), with standardization of DECS/MESH descriptors for inflammation in English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese, without chronological limitations. For the inclusion criteria, all articles had to be of the evaluated plant species, without association of synthesized substances, and full articles free available in any of the four languages searched. Duplicated articles and those that were not freely available were excluded. RESULTS A total of 126 species were identified, culminating in 6181 articles in the search. After evaluation of the inclusion criteria, 172 articles representing 40 different species and 38 families were included in the study. Comparison of reproducibility in intra-species results became difficult because of the large number of extraction solvents tested and the wide diversity of evaluation models used. Although the number of in vitro and in vivo evaluations was high, only one clinical study was found (Abrus precatorius). In the phytochemical analyses, more than 225 compounds, mostly phenolic compounds, were identified. CONCLUSION This review allowed the grouping of preclinical and clinical studies of several Brazilian species traditionally used for the treatment of many types of inflammation, corroborating new searches for their pharmacological properties as a way to aid public health. Furthermore, the large number of plants that have not yet been studied has encouraged new research to revive traditional knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C de Matos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana F A Bitencourt
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro D M de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa R Prado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renes R Machado
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marina Scopel
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Centro Especializado Em Plantas Aromáticas, Medicinais e Tóxicas - CEPLAMT-Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rua Gustavo da Silveira 1035, Horto, 31.080-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matos da Silva M, Alexandre GP, Magalhães MR, Torres AM, Kato L, Costa da Silva V, Teixeira de Saboia Morais SM, Rodriguez AG, Fill TP, Pereira AK, Roque J, Souza Simão JL, Pasqualotto Severino VG. Musa spp. cultivars as a neutralising source against some toxic activities of Bothrops and Crotalus genus snake venoms. Toxicon 2023; 228:107106. [PMID: 37031872 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Accidents involving snakes from Bothrops spp. and Crotalus spp. constitute the most important cause of envenomation in Brazil and Argentina. Musa spp. (banana) have been reported to be used in popular medicine against snakebite by the members of the Canudos Settlement, located in Goiás. In this way, the aim of this work was to evaluate the antivenom effect of the Ouro (AA), Prata (AAB), Prata-anã (AAB) and Figo (ABB) cultivars against in vitro (phospholipase, coagulation and proteolytic) and in vivo (lethality and toxicity) activities caused by the venoms and toxicity (Artemia salina nauplii and Danio rerio embryos) of Musa spp. as well as the annotation of chemical compounds possibly related to these activities. From the in vitro antiophidic tests with the sap, we observed 100% inhibition of the phospholipase and coagulant activities with the cultivars Prata-anã and Figo against the venoms of B. alternatus and C. d. collineatus, B. diporus and B. pauloensis, respectively, and neutralisation of the lethality against the B. diporus venom. It was observed that the cultivars of Musa spp. did not show toxicity against Artemia salina nauplii and Danio rerio embryos. The sap analysis via HPLC-MS/MS allowed the annotation of the 13 compounds: abscisic acid, shikimic acid, citric acid, quinic acid, afzelechin, Glp-hexose, glucose, sucrose, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside-6-raminoside, kaempferol-3-glucoside-3-raminoside, myricetin-3-O-rutinoside, procyanidin B1 and rutin. Therefore, it can be seen that Musa spp. is a potential therapeutic agent that can act to neutralise the effects caused by snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Matos da Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Gerso Pereira Alexandre
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marta Regina Magalhães
- Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Biológicas, Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 74.605-010, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Torres
- Laboratorio de Produtos Naturales Prof. Armando Ricciardi, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CP 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lucilia Kato
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Victória Costa da Silva
- Laboratório de Comportamento Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Armando Garcia Rodriguez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Taícia Pacheco Fill
- Laboratório Institucional de Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13.083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alana Kelyene Pereira
- Laboratório Institucional de Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13.083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jussara Roque
- Laboratório de Cromatografia e Espectrometria de Massas, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Souza Simão
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Síntese Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74.690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Konrath EL, Strauch I, Boeff DD, Arbo MD. The potential of Brazilian native plant species used in the therapy for snakebites: A literature review. Toxicon 2022; 217:17-40. [PMID: 35952835 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming is a potentially fatal disease categorized as a neglected public health issue for not receiving the appropriate attention from national and international health authorities. The most affected people by this problem usually live in poor rural communities, where medical resources are often sparse and, in some instances, there is even a scarcity of serum therapy. The administration of the appropriate antivenom is the only specific treatment available, however it has limited efficacy against venom-induced local effects. In this scenario, various plant species are used as local first aid for the treatment of snakebite accidents in Brazil, and some of them can effectively inhibit lethality, neurotoxicity, hemorrhage, and venom enzymes activities. This review compiles a list of plants used in the treatment of snakebites in Brazil, focusing on the native Brazilian species registered in the databases Pubmed, Scielo, Scopus and Google Scholar. All these searches were limited to peer-reviewed journals written in English, with the exception of a few articles written in Portuguese. The most cited native plant species were Casearia sylvestris Sw., Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Mikania glomerata Spreng., Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F.Blake and Dipteryx alata Vogel, all used to decrease the severity of toxic signs, inhibit proteolytic and hemorrhagic activities, thus increasing survival time and neutralizing myotoxicity effects. Different active compounds showing important activity against the snake venoms and their toxins include flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Although some limitations to the experimental studies with medicinal plants were observed, including lack of comparison with control drugs and unknown active extracts compounds, species with anti-venom characteristics are effective and considered as candidates for the development of adjuvants in the treatment of snake envenomation. Further studies on the chemistry and pharmacology of traditionally used plant species will help to understand the role that snakebite herbal remedies may display in local medical health systems. It might also contribute to the development of alternative or complementary treatments to reduce the number of severe disabilities and deaths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luis Konrath
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Iara Strauch
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiana Daniele Boeff
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dutra Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90620-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vera-Palacios AL, Sacoto-Torres JD, Hernández-Altamirano JA, Moreno A, Peñuela-Mora MC, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Mogollón NGS, Almeida JR. A First Look at the Inhibitory Potential of Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) Ethanolic Extract for Bothrops atrox Snakebite Envenomation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:496. [PMID: 35878234 PMCID: PMC9315696 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bothrops atrox snakebites are a relevant problem in the Amazon basin. In this biodiverse region, the ethnomedicinal approach plays an important role as an alternative to antivenom therapy. Urospatha sagittifolia (Araceae) is a plant used for this purpose; however, its neutralizing properties have not been scientifically accessed. To fill this gap, we investigated the ability of U. sagittifolia to modulate the catalytic activity of Bothrops atrox venom, and their toxic consequences, such as local damage and lethality. The venom profile of B. atrox was assessed by chromatography and electrophoresis. Inhibition of the three main enzymatic and medically important toxins from the venom was evaluated using synthetic substrates and quantified by chromogenic activity assays. Additionally, the neutralization of lethality, hemorrhage and edema were investigated by in vivo assays. The possible interactions between venom proteins and plant molecules were visualized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Finally, the phytochemical constituents present in the ethanolic extract were determined by qualitative and quantitative analyses. The ethanolic extract reduced the activity of the three main enzymes of venom target, achieving ranges from 19% to 81% of inhibition. Our in vivo venom neuralizations assays showed a significant inhibition of edema (38.72%) and hemorrhage (42.90%). Additionally, lethality was remarkably counteracted. The highest extract ratio evaluated had a 75% survival rate. Our data support the biomedical value of U. sagittifolia as a source of natural enzyme inhibitors able to neutralize catalytically active B. atrox venom toxins and their toxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio L. Vera-Palacios
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Juan D. Sacoto-Torres
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Josselin A. Hernández-Altamirano
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - Andres Moreno
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Ambato 180207, Ecuador;
| | - Maria C. Peñuela-Mora
- Grupo de Ecosistemas Tropicales y Cambio Global, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador;
| | - David Salazar-Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático (BioCamb) e Ingeniería en Biodiversidad y Recursos Genéticos, Facultad de Ciencias de Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito 180103, Ecuador;
| | - Noroska G. S. Mogollón
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| | - José R. Almeida
- Biomolecules Discovery Group, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Km 8 Via Muyuna, Tena 150101, Ecuador; (A.L.V.-P.); (J.D.S.-T.); (J.A.H.-A.); (N.G.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dagar P, Mishra A. Herbal Compounds as an Antidote against Snake Bite. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1714-1719. [PMID: 35440297 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220417134118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Snakebites have been declared a neglected health problem that must be considered a national disease of the WHO[world health organisation]. Asian countries like India have high snakebite death rates due to short antidotes and poorly equipped doctors. In today's scenario, local resources like herbs need to be used to prepare cheap antidotes and often available to victims. Snake bites should be viewed as an emergency problem and require additional national guidelines, doctor training, expertise, and human concentration for effective and timely treatment-measures to be taken to ensure the availability and mass production of antidotes. Currently available, antidotes have problems with storage, manufacture, and aspects of the results. Attention should be paid to the natural compound Gedunin with antitoxic effects. To determine Gedunin's therapeutic efficacy well-designed clinical research is required. This article emphasizes and proves the therapeutic effectiveness of the herbal plant active ingredient Gedunin against snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dagar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT [BHU]-Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Abha Mishra
- School of Biochemical Engineering, IIT [BHU]-Varanasi-221005
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sachetto ATA, Miyamoto JG, Tashima AK, de Souza AO, Santoro ML. The Bioflavonoids Rutin and Rutin Succinate Neutralize the Toxins of B. jararaca Venom and Inhibit its Lethality. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828269. [PMID: 35264963 PMCID: PMC8899467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The venom of the Brazilian pit viper Bothrops jararaca (BjV) is a complex mixture of molecules, and snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP) are the most abundant protein families found therein. Toxins present in BjV trigger most of the deleterious disturbances in hemostasis observed in snakebites, i.e., thrombocytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia and bleedings. The treatment of patients bitten by snakes still poses challenges and the bioflavonoid rutin has already been shown to improve hemostasis in an experimental model of snakebite envenomation. However, rutin is poorly soluble in water; in this study, it was succinylated to generate its water-soluble form, rutin succinate (RS), which was analyzed comparatively regarding the chemical structure and characteristic features of rutin. Biological activities of rutin and RS were compared on hemostatic parameters, and against toxic activities of crude BjV in vitro. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected i.p. with either BjV alone or pre-incubated with rutin, RS or 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phe, an SVMP inhibitor), and the survival rates and hemostatic parameters were analyzed 48 h after envenomation. RS showed the characteristic activities described for rutin - i.e., antioxidant and inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase - but also prolonged the clotting time of fibrinogen and plasma in vitro. Differently from rutin, RS inhibited typical proteolytic activities of SVMP, as well as the coagulant activity of BjV. Importantly, both rutin and RS completely abrogated the lethal activity of BjV, in the same degree as o-phe. BjV induced hemorrhages, falls in RBC counts, thrombocytopenia and hypofibrinogenemia in mice. Rutin and RS also improved the recovery of platelet counts and fibrinogen levels, and the development of hemorrhages was totally blocked in mice injected with BjV incubated with RS. In conclusion, RS has anticoagulant properties and is a novel SVMP inhibitor. Rutin and RS showed different mechanisms of action on hemostasis. Only RS inhibited directly BjV biological activities, even though both flavonoids neutralized B. jararaca toxicity in vivo. Our results showed clearly that rutin and RS show a great potential to be used as therapeutic compounds for snakebite envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jackson Gabriel Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Keiji Tashima
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Olívia de Souza
- Laboratory of Development and Innovation, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saravia-Otten P, Hernández R, Marroquín N, Pereañez JA, Preciado LM, Vásquez A, García G, Nave F, Rochac L, Genovez V, Mérida M, Cruz SM, Orozco N, Cáceres A, Gutiérrez JM. Inhibition of enzymatic activities of Bothrops asper snake venom and docking analysis of compounds from plants used in Central America to treat snakebite envenoming. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114710. [PMID: 34626780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Snakebite envenoming is a public health problem of high impact in Central America. Bothrops asper, known as barba amarilla, terciopelo, and equis, is the snake species responsible for most snakebites in Central America. In this region, there is a long-standing tradition on the use of plants in the management of snakebites, especially in indigenous communities. Ethnomedical use of Eryngium foetidum L., Neurolaena lobata (L.) Cass. and Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. to treat snakebite envenoming has been reported in Belice, Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. Extracts of the leaves of these plants have shown anti-venom activities in in vitro assays in previous studies. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the ability of organic fractions from these three plants to inhibit enzymatic activities associated with toxicity of the venom of B. asper, and to study, by docking analysis, the interaction of metalloproteinase and phospholipases A2 (PLA2) from B. asper venom with secondary metabolites previously described in these plants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic fractions were obtained from these three plant species and their ability to neutralize proteolytic, PLA2 and in vitro coagulant activities of B. asper venom was assessed. A phytochemical analysis was carried out in these fractions. The interaction of secondary metabolites previously described in these plants with three toxins from B. asper venom (a metalloproteinase, a PLA2 and a PLA2 homologue) was investigated by docking analysis. RESULTS The inhibitory activity of plants was mainly concentrated in their polar fractions. Acetonic fraction from P. dioica was the most active against PLA2 activity, while the acetonic fraction of E. foetidum completely inhibited the proteolytic activity of the venom. Coagulant activity was partially inhibited only by the acetone and ethyl acetate fractions of P. dioica. Phytochemical analysis of the most bioactive fractions identified flavonoids, saponins, essential oils, coumarins, alkaloids, tannins and sesquiterpene lactones. Docking analysis revealed high affinity interactions of several secondary metabolites of these plants with residues in the vicinity of the catalytic site of these enzymes and, in the case of PLA2 homologue myotoxin II, in the hydrophobic channel. CONCLUSIONS Various fractions from these plants have inhibitory activity against enzymatic actions of B. asper venom which are directly associated with toxicological effects. Docking analysis showed structural evidence of the interaction of secondary metabolites with three toxins. These observations provide support to the potential of these plants to inhibit relevant toxic components of this snake venom.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Saravia-Otten
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala.
| | - Rosario Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Nereida Marroquín
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Jaime A Pereañez
- Toxinología, Alternativas Terapeúticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina M Preciado
- Toxinología, Alternativas Terapeúticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Allan Vásquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala
| | - Gabriela García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Federico Nave
- Dirección General de Investigaciones (DIGI), Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Lorena Rochac
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Vicente Genovez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Max Mérida
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Sully M Cruz
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Nohemí Orozco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Armando Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales (Lipronat), Escuela de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Guatemala; Laboratorios de Productos Naturales Farmaya, Guatemala
| | - José M Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liaqat A, Mallhi TH, Khan YH, Khokhar A, Chaman S, Ali M. Anti-Snake Venom Property of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Literature. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e191124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sadia Chaman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adeyemi S, Larayetan R, Onoja A, Ajayi A, Yahaya A, Ogunmola OO, Adeyi A, Chijioke O. Anti-hemorrhagic activity of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf on envenomed albino rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
11
|
Luzuriaga-Quichimbo CX, Blanco-Salas J, Muñoz-Centeno LM, Peláez R, Cerón-Martínez CE, Ruiz-Téllez T. In Silico Molecular Studies of Antiophidic Properties of the Amazonian Tree Cordia nodosa Lam. Molecules 2019; 24:E4160. [PMID: 31744153 PMCID: PMC6891429 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We carried out surveys on the use of Cordia nodosa Lam. in the jungles of Bobonaza (Ecuador). We documented this knowledge to prevent its loss under the Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. We conducted bibliographic research and identified quercetrin as a significant bioactive molecule. We studied its in silico biological activity. The selected methodology was virtual docking experiments with the proteins responsible for the venomous action of snakes. The molecular structures of quercetrin and 21 selected toxins underwent corresponding tests with SwissDock and Chimera software. The results point to support its antiophidic use. They show reasonable geometries and a binding free energy of -7 to -10.03 kcal/mol. The most favorable values were obtained for the venom of the Asian snake Naja atra (5Z2G, -10.03 kcal/mol). Good results were also obtained from the venom of the Latin American Bothrops pirajai (3CYL, -9.71 kcal/mol) and that of Ecuadorian Bothrops asper snakes (5TFV, -9.47 kcal/mol) and Bothrops atrox (5TS5, -9.49 kcal/mol). In the 5Z2G and 5TS5 L-amino acid oxidases, quercetrin binds in a pocket adjacent to the FAD cofactor, while in the myotoxic homologues of PLA2, 3CYL and 5TFV, it joins in the hydrophobic channel formed when oligomerizing, in the first one similar to α-tocopherol. This study presents a case demonstration of the potential of bioinformatic tools in the validation process of ethnobotanical phytopharmaceuticals and how in silico methods are becoming increasingly useful for sustainable drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Blanco-Salas
- Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| | | | - Rafael Peláez
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Organic Chemistry, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | | | - Trinidad Ruiz-Téllez
- Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jorge RJB, Martins RD, Araújo RM, da Silva MA, Monteiro HSA, Ximenes RM. Plants and Phytocompounds Active Against Bothrops Venoms. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:2003-2031. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190723153925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Snakebite envenomation is an important health problem in tropical countries, with severe
human and social consequences. In Latin America, the Bothrops species constitute the main threat to
humans, and the envenomation caused by these species quickly develops into severe local tissue damage,
including swelling, hemorrhaging, myonecrosis, skin ulceration, and pain. The systemic effects of
envenomation are usually neutralized by antivenom serum therapy, despite its intrinsic risks. However,
neutralization of local tissue damage remains a challenge. To improve actual therapy, two major alternatives
are proposed: the rational design of new specific antibodies for most of the tissue damaging/
poor immunogenic toxins, or the search for new synthetic or natural compounds which are able to
inhibit these toxins and complement the serum therapy. Natural compounds isolated from plants,
mainly from those used in folk medicine to treat snakebite, are a good choice for finding new lead
compounds to improve snakebite treatment and minimize its consequences for the victims. In this article,
we reviewed the most promising plants and phytocompounds active against bothropic venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - René Duarte Martins
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Serra Azul Monteiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gómez-Betancur I, Gogineni V, Salazar-Ospina A, León F. Perspective on the Therapeutics of Anti-Snake Venom. Molecules 2019; 24:E3276. [PMID: 31505752 PMCID: PMC6767026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenomation is a life-threatening disease that was recently re-included as a neglected tropical disease (NTD), affecting millions of people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Improvement in the therapeutic approaches to envenomation is required to palliate the morbidity and mortality effects of this NTD. The specific therapeutic treatment for this NTD uses snake antivenom immunoglobulins. Unfortunately, access to these vital drugs is limited, principally due to their cost. Different ethnic groups in the affected regions have achieved notable success in treatment for centuries using natural sources, especially plants, to mitigate the effects of snake envenomation. The ethnopharmacological approach is essential to identify the potential metabolites or derivatives needed to treat this important NTD. Here, the authors describe specific therapeutic snakebite envenomation treatments and conduct a review on different strategies to identify the potential agents that can mitigate the effects of the venoms. The study also covers an increased number of literature reports on the ability of natural sources, particularly plants, to treat snakebites, along with their mechanisms, drawbacks and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Betancur
- Ophidism-Scorpionism Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences, University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 1226, Colombia.
| | - Vedanjali Gogineni
- Analytical Department, Cambrex Pharmaceuticals, Charles City, IA 50616, USA.
| | - Andrea Salazar-Ospina
- Research group in Pharmacy Regency Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Food Sciences University of Antioquia UdeA, Medellín 1226, Colombia.
| | - Francisco León
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
da Silva AR, Anholeti MC, Pietroluongo M, Sanchez EF, Valverde AL, de Paiva SR, Figueiredo MR, Kaplan MAC, Fuly AL. Utilization of the Plant Clusia Fluminensis Planch & Triana Against Some Toxic Activities of the Venom of Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu Snake Venom Toxic Activities. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1990-2002. [PMID: 31339072 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190724160711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Brazil, the Bothrops genus accounts for 87% of registered snakebites, which are characterized by hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, hemostatic disturbances, and death. The treatment recommended by governments is the administration of specific antivenoms. Although antivenom efficiently prevents venom-induced lethality, it has limited efficacy in terms of preventing local tissue damage. Thus, researchers are seeking alternative therapies able to inhibit the main toxic effects of venoms, without compromising safety. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to test the ability of aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant Clusia fluminensis to neutralize some toxic effects induced by the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops jararacussu. METHODS The plant extracts were incubated with venoms for 30 min. at 25 °C, and then in vitro (coagulant and proteolytic) and in vivo (hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic) activities were evaluated. In addition, the extracts were administered to animals (by oral, intravenous or subcutaneous routes) before or after the injection of venom samples, and then hemorrhage and edema assays were performed. In addition, a gel solution of the fruit extract was produced and tested in terms of reducing hemorrhage effects. A chemical prospection was performed to identify the main classes of compounds present in the extracts. RESULTS All the extracts inhibited the activities of the two venoms, regardless of the experimental protocol or route of administration of the extracts. Moreover, the gel of the fruit extract inhibited the venom-induced-hemorrhage. The extracts comprised of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. CONCLUSION Antivenom properties of C. fluminensis extracts deserve further investigation in order to gain detailed knowledge regarding the neutralization profile of these extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eladio Flores Sanchez
- Research and Development Center, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - André Lopes Fuly
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fluminense Federal University, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inhibitory effects of Morus nigra L. (Moraceae) against local paw edema and mechanical hypernociception induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:1046-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
16
|
Effects of Two Fractions of Swietenia macrophylla and Catechin on Muscle Damage Induced by BothropsVenom and PLA₂. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11010040. [PMID: 30646591 PMCID: PMC6356255 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant natural products can attenuate the myonecrosis caused by Bothrops snake venom and their phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂). In this study, we evaluated the effects of two fractions (F4 and F6) from Swietenia macrophylla and purified catechin on the muscle damage caused by a myotoxic PLA₂ from Colombian Bothrops asper venom (BaColPLA₂) in mice and by Bothrops marmoratus venom from Brazil in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm muscle (PND) preparations in vitro. Male mice were injected with PLA₂ (50 µg) in the absence or presence of F4, F6, and catechin, in the gastrocnemius muscle and then killed 3, 7, 14, and 28 h later for histopathological analysis of myonecrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the presence of collagen. Fractions F4 and F6 (500 µg) and catechin (90 µg) significantly reduced the extent of necrosis at all-time intervals. These two fractions and catechin also attenuated the leukocyte infiltration on day 3, as did catechin on day 14. There was medium-to-moderate collagen deposition in all groups up to day 7, but greater deposition on days 14 and 28 in the presence of F6 and catechin. Bothrops marmoratus venom (100 µg/mL) caused slight (~25%) muscle facilitation after 10 minutes and weak neuromuscular blockade (~64% decrease in contractile activity after a 120-minute incubation). Pre-incubation of venom with F4 or F6 abolished the facilitation, whereas catechin, which was itself facilitatory, did not. All three fractions attenuated the venom-induced decrease in muscle contractions. These findings indicate that fractions and catechin from S. macrophylla can reduce the muscle damage caused by Bothrops venom and PLA₂. These fractions or their components could be useful for treating venom-induced local damage.
Collapse
|
17
|
Protective effect of Myrsine parvifolia plant extract against the inflammatory process induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom. Toxicon 2019; 157:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
18
|
Alves N, Ximenes R, Jorge R, Silveira J, Santos J, Rodrigues F, Costa P, Xavier F, Evangelista J, Havt A, Soares V, Toyama M, Oliveira A, Araújo R, Alves R, Monteiro H. Anti-ophidian activity of Bredemeyera floribunda Willd. (Polygalaceae) root extract on the local effects induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom. Braz J Med Biol Res 2018; 52:e7581. [PMID: 30517287 PMCID: PMC6293447 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bredemeyera floribunda roots are popularly used to treat snakebites in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil, and previous studies indicate the anti-ophidian actions of triterpenoid saponins found in its roots. To assess B. floribunda root extract (BFRE) activity against the effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom (BjuV), antiphospholipasic, antiproteolytic, antihemorrhagic, antinecrotic, and anti-edematogenic activities were investigated in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and sugars, with rutin and saccharose being the major constituents of BFRE. Acute toxicity was determined and BFRE was nontoxic to mice. Phospholipase A2 and proteolytic activities induced by BjuV were inhibited in vitro by BFRE at all concentrations tested herein. BFRE (150 mg/kg) inhibited paw edema induced by BjuV (50 µg/animal), reducing total edema calculated by area under the curve, but carrageenan-induced paw edema was unchanged. Hemorrhagic and necrotizing actions of BjuV (50 µg/animal) were considerably decreased by BFRE treatment. Thus, BFRE blocked the toxic actions of B. jararacussu venom despite having no anti-inflammatory activity, which points to a direct inhibition of venom's toxins, as demonstrated in the in vitro assays. The larger amounts of rutin found in BFRE may play a role in this inhibition, since 3',4'-OH flavonoids are known inhibitors of phospholipases A2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N.T.Q. Alves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R.M. Ximenes
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - R.J.B. Jorge
- Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - J.A.M. Silveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J.V.A. Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F.A.P. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P.H.S. Costa
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F.A.F. Xavier
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | | | - A. Havt
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - V.C.G. Soares
- Universidade Paulista, Campus Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brasil
| | - M.H. Toyama
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Vicente, SP, Brasil
| | - A.N.A. Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - R.M. Araújo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
| | - R.S. Alves
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - H.S.A. Monteiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sachetto ATA, Rosa JG, Santoro ML. Rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) modulates the hemostatic disturbances and redox imbalance induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006774. [PMID: 30307940 PMCID: PMC6181271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a major Collective Health problem worldwide. In Brazil, Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) evokes hemostatic disturbances, bleeding manifestations, and redox status imbalance. Specific antivenom therapy, although efficacious to revert most snakebite-induced manifestations, is incapable of treating secondary manifestations, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress. Searching for new complementary therapies that could attenuate physiological derangements triggered by envenomation, we elected to test quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) by its potential as both a potent antioxidant and a hemostasis modulatory compound. The activity of rutin was evaluated both on the biological activities of crude BjV in vitro, and in vivo by the ability of rutin (14.4 mg/kg b.w.) to modulate hematological, hemostatic and redox status markers altered by BjV injection (1.6 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) in mice. In vitro, rutin failed to inhibit BjV-induced platelet aggregation and biological activities of major BjV enzymes (metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and L-amino acid oxidases). On the other hand, rutin attenuated local hemorrhage, and the increase in reactive species, prevented the fall in RBC counts and fibrinogen levels, diminished tail bleeding and shortened prothrombin time (PT) evoked by envenomation. Furthermore, rutin reduced tissue factor (TF) activity and altered the protein expression of TF in liver, lungs, heart and skin. In conclusion, the disturbances in redox status and hemostatic system induced by B. jararaca envenomation were modulated by rutin, suggesting it has a great potential to be used as an ancillary therapeutic agent for snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gomes Rosa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Asmari AK, Khan HA, Manthiri RA, Al-Khlaiwi AA, Al-Asmari BA, Ibrahim KE. Protective effects of a natural herbal compound quercetin against snake venom-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:105-110. [PMID: 29751071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Echis pyramidum is a highly poisonous viper snake. Previous studies have shown acute phase hepatic and renal toxicities of Echis pyramidum venom (EPV) in rats. This study reports the protective effects of a natural herbal compound quercetin (QRC) on EPV-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in rats. A singly injection of EPV (4.76 mg/kg) caused significant increase in serum biomarkers of liver and kidney function. Pre-treatment of QRC (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced the toxic effects of EPV on functional impairment in liver and kidneys of rats. Administration of QRC also reversed EPV-induced increase in lipid peroxidation and decrease in total thiols. The histopathology of liver showed fat accumulation, focal degeneration and cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes in EPV treated rats. EPV also caused renal tubular dilation and focal atrophy of glomerular tufts in rat kidneys. Administration of QRC prevented EPV-induced structural tissue damage in liver and kidneys of rats. In conclusion, QRC significantly inhibited the acute phase toxic effects of EPV on liver and kidneys of rats by preventing the oxidative stress in these organs. QRC is also known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, anti-hemorrhagic and PLA2-inhibitory properties and therefore may be regarded as a multi-action antidote against snake venom toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman K Al-Asmari
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Haseeb A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rajamohamed A Manthiri
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Al-Khlaiwi
- Scientific Research Center, Medical Services Department, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan A Al-Asmari
- Dental Department, Dental Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos VSD, Nascimento TV, Felipe JL, Boaretto AG, Damasceno-Junior GA, Silva DB, Toffoli-Kadri MC, Carollo CA. Nutraceutical potential of Byrsonima cydoniifolia fruits based on chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperalgesic activities. Food Chem 2017; 237:240-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
22
|
Félix-Silva J, Silva-Junior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:5748256. [PMID: 28904556 PMCID: PMC5585606 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5748256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Snakebites are a serious problem in public health due to their high morbimortality. Most of snake venoms produce intense local tissue damage, which could lead to temporary or permanent disability in victims. The available specific treatment is the antivenom serum therapy, whose effectiveness is reduced against these effects. Thus, the search for complementary alternatives for snakebite treatment is relevant. There are several reports of the popular use of medicinal plants against snakebites worldwide. In recent years, many studies have been published giving pharmacological evidence of benefits of several vegetal species against local effects induced by a broad range of snake venoms, including inhibitory potential against hyaluronidase, phospholipase, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, myotoxic, and edematogenic activities. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated overview of medicinal plants used popularly as antiophidic agents and discuss the main species with pharmacological studies supporting the uses, with emphasis on plants inhibiting local effects of snake envenomation. The present review provides an updated scenario and insights into future research aiming at validation of medicinal plants as antiophidic agents and strengthens the potentiality of ethnopharmacology as a tool for design of potent inhibitors and/or development of herbal medicines against venom toxins, especially local tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Félix-Silva
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Arnóbio Antônio Silva-Junior
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silvana Maria Zucolotto
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais Bioativos (PNBio), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia & Biotecnologia Farmacêutica (TecBioFar), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nishijima CM, Delella FK, Rodrigues CM, Rinaldo D, Lopes-Ferreira MVDA, da Rocha LRM, Vilegas W, Felisbino SL, Hiruma-Lima CA. The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Methanolic Extract and Fractions from Davilla elliptica St. Hil. (Dilleniaceae) on Bothrops jararaca Envenomation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12454-66. [PMID: 26042466 PMCID: PMC4490454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and haemorrhage are the main characteristics of tissue injury in botropic envenomation. Although some studies have shown that anti-venom prevents systemic reactions, it is not efficient in preventing tissue injury at the site of the bite. Therefore, this work was undertaken to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract and fractions from D. elliptica and to evaluate the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in this process. Effects of the extract and fractions from D. elliptica were evaluated using a carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats, and leukocyte rolling was visualized by intravital. The quantification of MMPs activities (MMP-2 and MMP-9) extracted from the dermis of mice treated with extract and fractions alone or incubated with venom was determined by zymographic analyses. Our results show that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of fractions significantly reduced paw oedema after the carrageenan challenge. Treatment with the tannins fraction also resulted in considerable inhibition of the rolling of leukocytes and this fraction was able to decrease the activation of MMP-9. These results confirmed the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract and tannins fraction of D. elliptica and showed that the dermonecrosis properties of B. jararaca venom might be mediated through the inhibition of MMP-9 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarine Massucato Nishijima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Karina Delella
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clenilson Martins Rodrigues
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Agroenergia (CNPAE), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, CEP 70770-901, Brasília, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Rinaldo
- Faculdade de Ciências de Bauru, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 17033-360 Bauru, Brazil.
| | | | - Lucia Regina Machado da Rocha
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Wagner Vilegas
- Campus Experimental do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 11330-900 São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Luis Felisbino
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, CEP 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Emmanuel A, Ebinbin A, Amlabu W. Detoxification of Echis ocellatus venom-induced toxicity by Annona senegalensis Pers. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 11:93-7. [PMID: 24867285 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2012-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different fractions (I-V) of the methanolic leaf extracts of Annona senegalensis were assessed for their anti-snake venom activities. Fractions III neutralized lethal toxicity induced by Echis ocellatus venom and manifested the same potency as the crude extracts against the venom. The anti-snake venom activity of fraction III was clearly shown by the complete abrogation of venom-induced haemorrhage and the 75% record of surviving mice which were injected with a pre-incubate of venom and extract in the ratio 1:30 w/w after a 24 h. Also, fraction III exhibited a weak inhibitory effect on fibrinogen clotting activity of this venom. The key phytochemicals mediating the activity of this fraction are flavonoids and tannins. The detoxification of this venom by fraction III and the possible mode of action in the pathology of snake envenoming is discussed in this report.
Collapse
|
25
|
Campos JJ, Azevedo ADO, Filho JDDS, Perez AC, Braga FC. Bioguided isolation of myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside with antinociceptive activity from the aerial part of Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:270-4. [PMID: 24001889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Davilla elliptica St.-Hil. (Dilleniaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Brazil to treat inflammatory processes, to relieve pain, as diuretic, gastro- and hepatoprotective agents. AIM OF THE STUDY To undertake the fractionation of the ethanolic extract from Davilla elliptica leaves guided by an antinociceptive assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antinociceptive activity was evaluated through the formalin test in mice. Extract fractionation was performed by percolation through silica gel and partition between immiscible solvents, followed by successive column chromatography over Sephadex LH-20 and preparative RP-HPLC. Structure elucidation of the isolated compound was accomplished by spectroscopic data. RESULTS The EtOAc and MeOH fractions derived from the crude extract reduced significantly the licking time in the late phase of the formalin test. The bioguided fractionation of the MeOH fraction resulted in the isolation of myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside, which produced significant inhibition on nociception induced by formalin (ID50=0.26 mg/kg; p.o.). CONCLUSIONS These results point out that myricetin-3-O-β-galactopyranoside contributes for the antinociceptive effect of Davilla elliptica extract, a constituent considerably more potent than diclofenac, employed as reference drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Júlia Campos
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Snake envenomation is a global public health problem, with highest incidence in Southeast Asia. Inadequate health services, difficult transportation and consequent delay in antisnake venom administration are the main reasons for high mortality. Adverse drug reactions and inadequate storage conditions limit the use of antisnake venom. The medicinal plants, available locally and used widely by traditional healers, therefore need attention. A wide array of plants and their active principles have been evaluated for pharmacological properties. However, numerous unexplored plants claimed to be antidotes in folklore medicine need to be studied. The present article reviews the current status of various medicinal plants for the management of snake bite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y K Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi - 110029, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee W, Woo ER, Choi JS. Effects of myricetin on the bioavailability of carvedilol in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:516-522. [PMID: 22132944 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2011.611141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT As an inhibitor of CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and P-gp, myricetin might affect the bioavailability of carvedilol when myricetin and carvedilol are used concomitantly for the prevention or therapy of cardiovascular diseases as a combination therapy. However, the effect of myricetin on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol has not been reported in vivo. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of myricetin on the pharmacokinetics of carvedilol after oral or intravenous administration of carvedilol in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Carvedilol was administered orally or intravenously with or without oral administration of myricetin to rats. RESULTS The effects of myricetin on P-gp, CYP2C9 and 2D6 activity were evaluated. Myricetin inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 enzyme activity with IC50 of 13 and 57 μM, respectively. In addition, myricetin significantly enhanced the cellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 in MCF-7/ADR cells overexpressing P-gp. Compared with the control group, the AUC was significantly increased by 52.0-85.1%, and the C(max) was significantly increased by 93.1-133.4% in the presence of myricetin after oral administration of carvedilol. Consequently, the relative bioavailability of carvedilol was increased by 1.17- to 1.85-fold and the absolute bioavailability of carvedilol in the presence of myricetin was increased by 18.1-86.4%. T(max) was significantly decreased. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The enhanced oral bioavailability of carvedilol may result from both inhibition of CYP2C9 or CYP2D6-mediated metabolism and P-gp-mediated efflux of carvedilol in small intestine and/or in liver by myricetin rather than reducing renal elimination. Concomitant use of myricetin or myricetin-containing dietary supplements with carvedilol will require close monitoring for potential drug interactions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage
- Antihypertensive Agents/blood
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/metabolism
- Biological Availability
- Carbazoles/administration & dosage
- Carbazoles/blood
- Carbazoles/pharmacokinetics
- Carvedilol
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors
- Drug Interactions
- Enzyme Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Flavonoids/administration & dosage
- Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Intestine, Small/drug effects
- Intestine, Small/enzymology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/enzymology
- Male
- Propanolamines/administration & dosage
- Propanolamines/blood
- Propanolamines/pharmacokinetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rhodamine 123/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ethnopharmacology of medicinal plants of the pantanal region (mato grosso, Brazil). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:272749. [PMID: 22474496 PMCID: PMC3303862 DOI: 10.1155/2012/272749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional knowledge is an important source of obtaining new phytotherapeutic agents. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants was conducted in Nossa Senhora Aparecida do Chumbo District (NSACD), located in Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brazil using semi-structured questionnaires and interviews. 376 species of medicinal plants belonging to 285 genera and 102 families were cited. Fabaceae (10.2%), Asteraceae (7.82%) and Lamaceae (4.89%) families are of greater importance. Species with the greater relative importance were Himatanthus obovatus (1.87), Hibiscus sabdariffa (1.87), Solidago microglossa (1.80), Strychnos pseudoquina (1.73) and Dorstenia brasiliensis, Scoparia dulcis L., and Luehea divaricata (1.50). The informant consensus factor (ICF) ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 encompassing 18 disease categories,of which 15 had ICF greater than 0.50, with a predominance of disease categories related to injuries, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes (ICF = 0.78) having 65 species cited while 20 species were cited for mental and behavioral disorders (ICF = 0.77). The results show that knowledge about medicinal plants is evenly distributed among the population of NSACD. This population possesses medicinal plants for most disease categories, with the highest concordance for prenatal, mental/behavioral and respiratory problems.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Assafim M, de Coriolano EC, Benedito SE, Fernandes CP, Lobo JFR, Sanchez EF, Rocha LM, Fuly AL. Hypericum brasiliense plant extract neutralizes some biological effects of Bothrops jararaca snake venom. JOURNAL OF VENOM RESEARCH 2011; 2:11-16. [PMID: 21654896 PMCID: PMC3108466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alternative treatments for snake bite are currently being extensively studied, and plant metabolites are considered good candidates for such purpose. Here, the ability of a crude ethanolic extract of Hypericum brasiliense plant in neutralizing Bothrops jararaca snake venom was investigated by in vitro (coagulation, hemolysis or proteolysis) and in vivo (hemorrhage, lethality and edema) biological assays. We describe for the first time the ability of H. brasiliense extracts to inhibit some pharmacological effects of a Brazilian snake venom. Inhibitory assays were performed by incubating B. jararaca venom with H. brasiliense extracts for 30min at room temperature before the assays were performed. The results showed that H. brasiliense extracts impaired lethality, edema, hemorrhage, hemolysis, proteolysis as well as fibrinogen or plasma clotting induced by B. jararaca venom. This indicates that H. brasiliense extracts can provide promising agents to treat B. jararaca envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Assafim
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Coriolano de Coriolano
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Eufrázio Benedito
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eladio Florez Sanchez
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - André Lopes Fuly
- Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nazato VS, Rubem-Mauro L, Vieira NAG, dos Santos Rocha-Junior D, Glauzer Silva M, Santos Lopes P, Dal-Belo CA, Cogo JC, dos Santos MG, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Oshima-Franco Y. In vitro antiophidian properties of Dipteryx alata Vogel bark extracts. Molecules 2010; 15:5956-70. [PMID: 20877202 PMCID: PMC6257789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15095956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Dipteryx alata bark obtained with different solvents (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol) were mixed in vitro with Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu, 40 μg/mL) and Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt, 15 μg/mL) snake venoms, and applied to a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation to evaluate the possible neutralization of venom effects. Cdt venom neurotoxic effect was not inhibited by any of the extracts, while the neurotoxic and myotoxic actions of Bjssu venom were decreased by the methanolic extract. This inhibition appears to be augmented by tannins. Dichloromethane bark extract inhibited ~40% of Bjssu venom effects and delayed blockade induced by Cdt. The methodology used to determine which extract was active allows inferring that: (i) phenolic acids and flavonoids contained in the methanolic extract plus tannins were responsible mostly for neutralization of Bjssu effects; (ii) terpenoids from the dichloromethane extract may participate in the anti-Cdt and anti-Bjssu venom effects; (iii) a given extract could not inhibit venoms from different species even if those belong to the same family, so it is improper to generalize a certain plant as antiophidian; (iv) different polarity extracts do not present the same inhibitory capability, thus demonstrating the need for characterizing both venom pharmacology and the phytochemistry of medicinal plant compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Sbrugnera Nazato
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Leandro Rubem-Mauro
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Nathalia Aparecida Gatto Vieira
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Dimas dos Santos Rocha-Junior
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Magali Glauzer Silva
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Patricia Santos Lopes
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
| | - Cháriston André Dal-Belo
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Av. Antônio Trilha, 1847, Zip code 97300-000, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; E-Mail: (C.A.D.-B)
| | - José Carlos Cogo
- Universidade do Vale do Paraiba, UNIVAP, Av. Shishima Hifumi, 2911- Urbanova, Zip code 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (J.C.C.)
| | - Marcio Galdino dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, UFT, Av. NS 15 ALC NO 14, 109 Norte, Zip code 77001-090, Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil; E-Mail: (M.G.D.S.)
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Zip code 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (M.A.D.C.-H.)
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Universidade de Sorocaba, UNISO, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (V.S.N.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55 (15) 2101-7104
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choi DH, Li C, Choi JS. Effects of myricetin, an antioxidant, on the pharmacokinetics of losartan and its active metabolite, EXP-3174, in rats: possible role of cytochrome P450 3A4, cytochrome P450 2C9 and P-glycoprotein inhibition by myricetin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:908-14. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.62.07.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
33
|
De Paula RC, Sanchez EF, Costa TR, Martins CHG, Pereira PS, Lourenço MV, Soares AM, Fuly AL. Antiophidian properties of plant extracts against Lachesis muta venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-91992010000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - AL Fuly
- Fluminense Federal University, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|