1
|
Abd-Rabou AA, Abdelaziz AM, Shaker OG, Ayeldeen G. Hyaluronated nanoparticles deliver raloxifene to CD44-expressed colon cancer cells and regulate lncRNAs/miRNAs epigenetic cascade. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023; 14:32. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Colorectal malignant cells (CRC) are one of the world’s main causes of cancer mortality and morbidity. Notwithstanding the plenty of anti-CRC therapeutics, its prognosis remains not selective owing to cancer resistance to these therapeutics. Raloxifene (RX), a medication firstly used to treat osteoporosis, was recently licenced for the prevention of CRC. Unfortunately, due to medication resistance, many RX-based therapies are likely to become ineffective. Recently, we identified a novel method of administration to lengthen the half-life of RX by mixing it with chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA). Thus, the rationale of the current study was to investigate how colon cancer cells were affected by RX-HA-CS nanoparticles (RX NPs) in terms of targetability, cytotoxicity, and epigenetic cascade alteration.
Results
RX NP had an entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 90.0 ± 8.12%. Compared to HCT 116 cells, Caco-2 cells were more susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of RX and its NP as well as they had a higher binding affinity to CD44 receptors compared to normal WI-38 cells. In comparison to the free RX, the RX NP’s cytotoxic fold changes in HCT 116 and Caco-2 cells were 2.16 and 2.52, respectively. Furthermore, the epigenetic cascade of some noncoding RNAs was examined. Moreover, particular protein concentrations were investigated in all tested cells after application of the proposed therapies. Our results showed that the RX NP recorded higher remarkable cytotoxic impact on CRC cells compared to the free RX. Intriguingly, it was hypothesized that RX nanoparticles attacked colon cancerous cells by up-regulating miR-944 and E-cadherin (ECN) expressions, while down-regulating the expressions of PPARγ, YKL-40, VEGF, H-19, LINC00641, HULC, HOTTIP, miR-92a, miR-200, and miR-21.
Conclusions
We may conclude that the RX NP effectively targets CRC cells in vitro via altering lncRNAs and miRNAs epigenetic cascade as well as cellular uptake through CD44-expressed CRC cells.
Collapse
|
2
|
Revisiting Non-Conventional Crystallinity-Induced Effects on Molecular Mobility in Sustainable Diblock Copolymers of Poly(propylene adipate) and Polylactide. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217449. [PMID: 36364274 PMCID: PMC9655265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This work deals with molecular mobility in renewable block copolymers based on polylactide (PLA) and poly(propylene adipate) (PPAd). In particular, we assess non-trivial effects on the mobility arising from the implementation of crystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy were employed in combination for this study. The materials were subjected to various thermal treatments aiming at the manipulation of crystallization, namely, fast and slow cooling, isothermal melt- and cold-crystallization. Subsequently, we evaluated the changes recorded in the overall thermal behavior, semicrystalline morphology and molecular mobility (segmental and local). The molecular dynamics map for neat PPAd is presented here for the first time. Unexpectedly, the glass transition temperature, Tg, in the amorphous state drops upon crystallization by 8–50 K. The drop becomes stronger with the increase in the PPAd fraction. Compared to the amorphous state, crystallization leads to significantly faster segmental dynamics with severely suppressed cooperativity. For the PLA/PPAd copolymers, the effects are systematically stronger in the cold- as compared to the melt-crystallization, whereas the opposite happens for neat PLA. The local βPLA relaxation of PLA was, interestingly, recorded to almost vanish upon crystallization. This suggests that the corresponding molecular groups (carbonyl) are strongly involved and immobilized within the semicrystalline regions. The overall results suggest the involvement of either spatial nanoconfinement imposed on the mobile chains within the inter-crystal amorphous areas and/or a crystallization-driven effect of nanophase separation. The latter phase separation seems to be at the origins of the significant discrepancy recorded between the calorimetric and dielectric recordings on Tg in the copolymers. Once again, compared to more conventional techniques such as calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy was proved a powerful and quite sensitive tool in recording such effects as well as in providing indirect indications for the polymer chains’ topology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Alyamani M, Alshehri S, Alam P, Ud Din Wani S, Ghoneim MM, Shakeel F. Solubility and solution thermodynamics of raloxifene hydrochloride in various (DMSO + water) compositions. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2022; 61:9119-9128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
|
4
|
K S NS, Dengale SJ, Mutalik S, Bhat K. Raloxifene HCl – Quercetin Co-amorphous System: Preparation, Characterization, and Investigation of its Behavior in Phosphate Buffer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:227-238. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Sree K S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Assam-781101, India.
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mg,Si-Co-Substituted Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Composite Beads Loaded with Raloxifene for Potential Use in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062933. [PMID: 33805785 PMCID: PMC7999305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a worldwide chronic disease characterized by increasing bone fragility and fracture likelihood. In the treatment of bone defects, materials based on calcium phosphates (CaPs) are used due to their high resemblance to bone mineral, their non-toxicity, and their affinity to ionic modifications and increasing osteogenic properties. Moreover, CaPs, especially hydroxyapatite (HA), can be successfully used as a vehicle for local drug delivery. Therefore, the aim of this work was to fabricate hydroxyapatite-based composite beads for potential use as local carriers for raloxifene. HA powder, modified with magnesium and silicon ions (Mg,Si-HA) (both of which play beneficial roles in bone formation), was used to prepare composite beads. As an organic matrix, sodium alginate with chondroitin sulphate and/or keratin was applied. Cross-linking of beads containing raloxifene hydrochloride (RAL) was carried out with Mg ions in order to additionally increase the concentration of this element on the material surface. The morphology and porosity of three different types of beads obtained in this work were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry, respectively. The Mg and Si released from the Mg,Si-HA powder and from the beads were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In vitro RAL release profiles were investigated for 12 weeks and studied using UV/Vis spectroscopy. The beads were also subjected to in vitro biological tests on osteoblast and osteosarcoma cell lines. All the obtained beads revealed a spherical shape with a rough, porous surface. The beads based on chondroitin sulphate and keratin (CS/KER-RAL) with the lowest porosity resulted in the highest resistance to crushing. Results revealed that these beads possessed the most sustained drug release and no burst release effect. Based on the results, it was possible to select the optimal bead composition, consisting of a mixture of chondroitin sulphate and keratin.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kala SG, Chinni S. Development and Characterization of Venetoclax Nanocrystals for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:92. [PMID: 33683477 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01968-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax (VX) used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia possesses low oral bioavailability (5.4%) and undergoes first-pass metabolism. Development of a formulation to overcome its bioavailability problem can be done by using nanocrystals which has many scientific applications. Nanocrystals of VX were formulated using amalgamation of precipitation and high-pressure homogenization method, in which polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as stabilizer. Process parameters like concentration of stabilizer, homogenization pressure, number of homogenization cycle, and concentration of lyoprotectant were optimized to obtain the desired particle size for the preparation of nanocrystal formulation. HPLC methods were developed and validated in-house for determination of in vitro dissolution data and in vivo bioavailability data. Physicochemical characterization was done to determine the particle size (zeta sizer), crystalline nature (DSC and XRPD), solubility (shaker bath), and dissolution (USP type 2 apparatus). Lyophilized VX nanocrystals of size less than 350 nm showed substantial increase in saturation solubility (~20 folds) and dissolution in comparison with free VX. In vitro release study revealed that 100% dissolution was achieved in 120 min as compared to VX free base which is having less than 43.5% dissolution in 120 min. Formulations of VX remain stable for 6 months under accelerated stability conditions. In vivo pharmacokinetic data in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed (~2.02 folds) significant increase in oral bioavailability of VX formulation as compared to free drug because of rapid dissolution and absorption which makes the nanocrystal formulation a better approach for oral administration of poorly soluble drugs.
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahajan AN, Surti N, Patel P, Patel A, Shah D, Patel V. Melt Dispersion Adsorbed onto Porous Carriers: An Effective Method to Enhance the Dissolution and Flow Properties of Raloxifene Hydrochloride. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 18:282-294. [PMID: 32881580 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation is to enhance the dissolution and flow properties of raloxifene hydrochloride (RXH), a biopharmaceutical classification system class II drug. Melt dispersion of RXH with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 was prepared by the fusion method. The melt dispersion was then adsorbed onto a porous adsorbent, Neusilin, by the melt adsorption method. Response surface methodology was employed to establish the design space for formulation variables such as the ratio of RXH to PEG 6000 in melt dispersion and amount of porous adsorbent to melt dispersion. Differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and accelerated stability techniques were utilized to characterize formulations. Negative Gibbs free energy values indicated spontaneous solubilization of RXH in PEG 6000. The time required for 80% of drug release from optimized formulation was <20 min compared with plain RXH. Accelerated stability studies confirmed the stabilization of amorphous melt dispersion in nanopores (nanoconfinement) of inorganic silicate Neusilin. Melt dispersion, adsorbed on porous carriers, is a promising technique to improve the dissolution characteristic as well as flow properties of drug molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naazneen Surti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, India
| | - Priyal Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, India
| | - Ashwini Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, India
| | - Dimal Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, India
| | - Vandana Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tsolou A, Angelou E, Didaskalou S, Bikiaris D, Avgoustakis K, Agianian B, Koffa MD. Folate and Pegylated Aliphatic Polyester Nanoparticles for Targeted Anticancer Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4899-4918. [PMID: 32764924 PMCID: PMC7369311 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s244712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of chemotherapeutic agents to combat cancer is accompanied by high toxicity due to their inability to discriminate between cancer and normal cells. Therefore, cancer therapy research has focused on the targeted delivery of drugs to cancer cells. Here, we report an in vitro study of folate-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene succinate) nanoparticles (FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs) as a vehicle for targeted delivery of the anticancer drug paclitaxel in breast and cervical cancer cell lines. Methods Paclitaxel-loaded-FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs characterization was performed by in vitro drug release studies and cytotoxicity assays. The NPs cellular uptake and internalization mechanism were monitored by live-cell imaging in different cancer cell lines. Expression of folate receptor-α (FOLR1) was examined in these cell lines, and specific FOLR1-mediated entry of the FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs was investigated by free folic acid competition. Using inhibitors for other endocytic pathways, alternative, non-FOLR1 dependent routes for NPs uptake were also examined. Results Drug release experiments of Paclitaxel-loaded PPSu-PEG-NPs indicated a prolonged release of Paclitaxel over several days. Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel-loaded PPSu-PEG-NPs was similar to free drug, as monitored in cancer cell lines. Live imaging of cells treated with either free Paclitaxel or Paclitaxel-loaded PPSu-PEG-NPs demonstrated tubulin-specific cell cycle arrest, with similar kinetics. Folate-conjugated NPs (FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs) targeted the FOLR1 receptor, as shown by free folic acid competition of the FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs cellular uptake in some of the cell lines tested. However, due to the differential expression of FOLR1 in the cancer cell lines, as well as the intrinsic differences between the different endocytic pathways utilized by different cell types, other mechanisms of nanoparticle cellular entry were also used, revealing that dynamin-dependent endocytosis and macropinocytosis pathways mediate, at least partially, cellular entry of the FA-PPSu-PEG NPs. Conclusion Our data provide evidence that Paclitaxel-loaded-FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs can be used for targeted delivery of the drug, FA-PPSu-PEG-NPs can be used as vehicles for other anticancer drugs and their cellular uptake is mediated through a combination of FOLR1 receptor-specific endocytosis, and macropinocytosis. The exploration of the different cellular uptake mechanisms could improve treatment efficacy or allow a decrease in dosage of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avgi Tsolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Eftychia Angelou
- Biomolecular Structure and Function Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Stylianos Didaskalou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | - Bogos Agianian
- Biomolecular Structure and Function Group, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Maria D Koffa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spray-dried raloxifene submicron particles for pulmonary delivery: Development and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
10
|
Phospholipid-based complex of raloxifene with enhanced biopharmaceutical potential: Synthesis, characterization and preclinical assessment. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118698. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
11
|
Urbánek T, Jäger E, Jäger A, Hrubý M. Selectively Biodegradable Polyesters: Nature-Inspired Construction Materials for Future Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1061. [PMID: 31248100 PMCID: PMC6630685 DOI: 10.3390/polym11061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last half-century, the development of biodegradable polyesters for biomedical applications has advanced significantly. Biodegradable polyester materials containing external stimuli-sensitive linkages are favored in the development of therapeutic devices for pharmacological applications such as delivery vehicles for controlled/sustained drug release. These selectively biodegradable polyesters degrade after particular external stimulus (e.g., pH or redox potential change or the presence of certain enzymes). This review outlines the current development of biodegradable synthetic polyesters materials able to undergo hydrolytic or enzymatic degradation for various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, temporary implants, wound healing and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Urbánek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliézer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Alessandro Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hrubý
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Raloxifene-encapsulated hyaluronic acid-decorated chitosan nanoparticles selectively induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1629-1638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
13
|
Radisavljevic A, Stojanovic DB, Perisic S, Djokic V, Radojevic V, Rajilic-Stojanovic M, Uskokovic PS. Cefazolin-loaded polycaprolactone fibers produced via different electrospinning methods: Characterization, drug release and antibacterial effect. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:26-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
14
|
Nagai N, Ogata F, Otake H, Nakazawa Y, Kawasaki N. Design of a transdermal formulation containing raloxifene nanoparticles for osteoporosis treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5215-5229. [PMID: 30233182 PMCID: PMC6135211 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s173216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the clinical setting, raloxifene, a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator, is administered orally; however, the bioavailability (BA) is only 2% because of its poor solubility in aqueous fluids and its extensive first-pass metabolism. Therefore, it is expected that the development of a transdermally delivered formulation may reduce the necessary dose without compromising its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we designed transdermal formulations containing raloxifene nanoparticles and evaluated their usefulness for osteoporosis therapy. Methods Raloxifene was crushed with methylcellulose by the bead mill method, and the milled raloxifene was gelled with or without menthol (a permeation enhancer) by Carbopol® 934 (without menthol, Ral-NPs; with menthol, mRal-NPs). The drug release and transdermal penetration were measured using a Franz diffusion cell, and the therapeutic evaluation of osteoporosis was determined in an ovariectomized rat model. Results The mean particle size of raloxifene in the transdermal formulation (Ral-NPs) was 173.7 nm. Although the raloxifene released from Ral-NPs remained in the nanoparticle state, the skin penetration of raloxifene nanoparticles was prevented by the stratum corneum in rat. On the other hand, inclusion of menthol in the formulation attenuated the barrier function of the stratum corneum and permitted the penetration of raloxifene nanoparticles through the skin. Moreover, macropinocytosis relates to the skin penetration of the formulation including menthol (mRal-NPs), since penetration was inhibited by treatment with 2 µM rottlerin, a macropinocytosis inhibitor. In addition, the application of 0.3% mRal-NPs (once a day) attenuated the decreases in calcium level and stiffness of the bones of ovariectomized rat. Conclusion We prepared raloxifene solid nanoparticles by a bead mill method and designed a novel transdermal formulation containing nanoparticles and permeation enhancers. These trans-dermal formulations overcome the barrier properties of the skin and show high drug penetration through the transdermal route (BA 8.5%). In addition, we found that raloxifene transdermal formulations are useful for the treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Nagai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Fumihiko Ogata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Hiroko Otake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| | - Yosuke Nakazawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohito Kawasaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nanaki S, Barmpalexis P, Papakonstantinou Z, Christodoulou E, Kostoglou M, Bikiaris DN. Preparation of New Risperidone Depot Microspheres Based on Novel Biocompatible Poly(Alkylene Adipate) Polyesters as Long-Acting Injectable Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2891-2901. [PMID: 30096352 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Risperidone (RIS)-loaded microspheres based on poly(alkylene adipate)s derived from dicarboxylic acids and different aliphatic diols were prepared by the oil in water emulsion and solvent evaporation method. Specifically, 3 polyesters, namely poly(ethylene adipate), poly(propylene adipate), and poly(butylene adipate), were prepared with the aid of a 2-stage melt-polycondensation method and characterized by gel permeation chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Results showed that the molecular weight of the polyesters increased as the diol molecular weight increased, while all polymers were of semi-crystalline nature and the melting temperature was varying from 49.1°C to 51.8°C and 65.9°C for poly(propylene adipate), poly(ethylene adipate), and poly(butylene adipate), respectively. The particle size of the RIS-loaded microspheres varied from 10 to 100 μm depending on the polyester type and the drug loading, while X-ray diffraction analysis revealed amorphous active pharmaceutical ingredient in the cases of high drug-loaded microspheres. In vitro drug release studies along with scanning electron microscopy images of microspheres after the completion of dissolution process showed that in all cases RIS release was controlled by the glass transition temperature of polyesters and physical state of active pharmaceutical ingredients via diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Zoi Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Margaritis Kostoglou
- Laboratory of General and Inorganic Chemical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Joshi A, Kaur J, Kulkarni R, Chaudhari R. In-vitro and Ex-vivo evaluation of Raloxifene hydrochloride delivery using nano-transfersome based formulations. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
17
|
Ahad A, Shakeel F, Alfaifi OA, Raish M, Ahmad A, Al-Jenoobi FI, Al-Mohizea AM. Solubility determination of raloxifene hydrochloride in ten pure solvents at various temperatures: Thermodynamics-based analysis and solute-solvent interactions. Int J Pharm 2018; 544:165-171. [PMID: 29679751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the solubility of raloxifene hydrochloride (RHCl) in ten solvents: water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), Transcutol, 1-butanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethyl acetate (EA) at temperatures of 298.2-323.2 K and a pressure of 0.1 MPa. The solubility data obtained was fitted upon "Apelblat and Van't Hoff" equations. The maximum mole fraction solubility of RHCl was obtained in DMSO (5.02 × 10-2 at 323.2 K), followed by PEG-400 (5.92 × 10-3 at 323.2 K), EA (3.11 × 10-3 at 323.2 K), Transcutol (1.22 × 10-3 at 323.2 K), PG (2.19 × 10-4 at 323.2 K), 1-butanol (1.96 × 10-4 at 323.2 K), IPA (1.47 × 10-4 at 323.2 K), ethanol (7.90 × 10-5 at 323.2 K), EG (6.65 × 10-5 at 323.2 K), and water (3.60 × 10-5 at 323.2 K). Similar fashions were noticed at each studied temperature. The higher solubility of RHCl in DMSO, PEG-400, EA, and Transcutol was possibly referable to their lower polarity in comparison with water. The molecular interactions between the solute and solvent molecules were estimated by calculating parameters like activity coefficients, and more prominent solute-solvent molecular interactions were noted for RHCl-DMSO, RHCl-EA, and RHCl-PEG-400 in comparison with the other solute-solvent combinations. The outcomes of the "apparent thermodynamic analysis" showed that the dissolution of RHCl was "endothermic, spontaneous and entropy-driven" in all investigated solvents. The obtained solubility data of RHCl in commonly used solvents could be useful in the purification, recrystallization, and dosage form design of the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Ahad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ali Alfaifi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad I Al-Jenoobi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Mohizea
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taribavirin and 5-Fluorouracil-Loaded Pegylated-Lipid Nanoparticle Synthesis, p38 Docking, and Antiproliferative Effects on MCF-7 Breast Cancer. Pharm Res 2018; 35:76. [PMID: 29488022 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the second most common cause of mortality in women in the United States. Targeted delivery of antitumor breast cancer drugs as a drug-delivery strategy may allow direct delivery into the tumor. Currently, chemotherapy is one of the principle strategies for cancer treatment, but it can have toxic side effects. Nanotechnology attempts to resolve these challenges by loading drugs in nanoparticles, such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). In response to the breast cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), p38MAPK signaling has been investigated since the 1990s. Ribavirin, a nucleotide derivative, inhibits p38MAPK in infected hepatocytes. A ribavirin prodrug, taribavirin (TBV), was recently synthesized to concentrate in the liver and have minimal concentration in red blood cells. METHODS In this study, TBV and 5-FU-pegylated SLNs were prepared and characterized. The in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Using molecular docking experiments, 5-FU and TBV were docked on p38MAPK protein. RESULTS The TBV nanoformulation had the highest cytotoxic effects, achieving IC50 = 0.690 μM after 24 h, compared with free TBV, which also achieved a good cytotoxic effect (IC50 = 0.756 μM). However, there was a detectable cytotoxic effect and an undetectable IC50 of 5-FU nanoparticles and free 5-FU on MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSIONS The effect of TBV nanoparticles on MCF-7 cells may be due to its inhibitory effect against p38MAPK protein, where it fits inside the active pocket site of the p38 protein molecular surface, with a minimum binding affinity of -5.5 kcal/mol (rmsd of 1.07), and it formed strong hydrogen bonds with amino acids ASP'168, ILE'166, HIS'148, and ILE'147. Further studies are warranted to investigate the mechanistic details of the proposed approach.
Collapse
|
19
|
Varshosaz J, Minaiyan M, Dayyani L. Poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) for enhancement of solubility, oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic effects of raloxifene hydrochloride. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 112:195-206. [PMID: 29196024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene HCl (RH) has poor water solubility and due to its extensive first pass metabolism; its bioavailability is only 2%. The purpose of the present study was to enhance the aqueous solubility, oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporotic effects of RH by electro-sprayed nanoparticles (NPs) in ovariectomized rats. NPs containing RH and different ratio of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic acid) (PMVEMA) were electrosprayed. The voltage, distance of needle to the collector, flow rate of the solution and polymeric percentage were optimized according to the size of NPs and drug solubility. The optimized formulation was characterized by SEM, XRD, DSC, and FTIR. The pharmacokinetic parameters were studies by oral administration of a single dose of 15mg/kg in Wistar rats. The anti-osteoporotic effects were studied in female ovariectomized rats. Animals were treated with 6mg/kg/day for 2months then serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured. RH loaded electrosprayed NPs showed 10-fold enhanced solubility compared to the free drug. Moreover, the XRD and SEM tests displayed an amorphous state of drug in the NPs. FTIR and DSC tests revealed no interaction between the polymer and the drug. Serum calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly decreased in ovariectomized rats receiving oral RH NPs (P<0.05). No significant difference was detected between RH NPs and estradiol groups (P>0.05). Oral bioavailability of NPs showed 7.5-fold increase compared to the pure drug. The electrosprayed PMVEMA nanoparticles can enhance solubility, bioavailability and antiosteoporotic effects of RH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaleh Varshosaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Minaiyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ladan Dayyani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bhattacharyya A, Mukherjee D, Mishra R, Kundu P. Preparation of polyurethane–alginate/chitosan core shell nanoparticles for the purpose of oral insulin delivery. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
21
|
Golmohammadzadeh S, Farhadian N, Biriaee A, Dehghani F, Khameneh B. Preparation, characterization and in vitro evaluation of microemulsion of raloxifene hydrochloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1619-1625. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1328430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Farhadian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Biriaee
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faranak Dehghani
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahman Khameneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Babanejad N, Farhadian A, Omrani I, Nabid MR. Design, characterization and in vitro evaluation of novel amphiphilic block sunflower oil-based polyol nanocarrier as a potential delivery system: Raloxifene-hydrochloride as a model. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 78:59-68. [PMID: 28576026 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Presently, modern pharmaceuticals, are almost exclusively derived from the arduous refining of petroleum whose supply is inherently unsustainable. In order to address this issue bio-based materials are increasingly being used for chemical synthesis, particularly in drug delivery systems. Biodegradable and biocompatible hyper-branched polyol (an alcohol containing three or more hydroxyl groups) was synthesized via a facile method through the ring-opening and thiol-ene click reactions at room temperature. Due to the bio-based content of the polyol backbone, the synthesized polyol had both excellent biodegradability and low cytotoxicity. Raloxifene hydrochloride, an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator, was used as a hydrophobic drug model to test the potential of polyol as a drug delivery system carrier. Polyol showed an amphiphilic character and could be prepared as a nanoparticle for the sustained delivery of raloxifene hydrochloride, a drug with poor bioavailability in aqueous solution. Raloxifene hydrochloride was readily encapsulated in the lipophilic core of polyol whose branched hydroxyls were on the external part of the prepared nanoparticles. The diameter of the nanoparticles was 94±0.43nm, their drug entrapment efficiency was 93±0.5% and they showed a sustained release profile (17±1.5% after 4weeks). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay showed low toxicity towards human osteoblast MG-63 cells. Based on its good biodegradability and low cytotoxicity, polyol provides a bio-based source for the design new drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Babanejad
- Department of Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Farhadian
- Department of Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Omrani
- Department of Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Nabid
- Department of Polymer, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C, 1983963113, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kavas A, Keskin D, Altunbaş K, Tezcaner A. Raloxifene-/raloxifene-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate-loaded microspheres: A novel strategy for drug delivery to bone forming cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 510:168-83. [PMID: 27343363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene (Ral)- or Ral-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) conjugate-loaded microspheres were prepared with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) alone or with the blend of PCL and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) to provide controlled and sustained Ral release systems. Benefits of these formulations were evaluated on bone regeneration. Ral-loaded PCL microspheres had the highest encapsulation efficiency (70.7±5.0%) among all groups owing to high hydrophobic natures of both Ral and PCL. Cumulative amount of Ral released from Ral-PEG (1:2) conjugate-loaded PCL:PLGA (1:1) microspheres (26.9±8.8%) after 60days was significantly higher relative to other microsphere groups. This finding can be ascribed to two factors: i) Ral-PEG conjugation, resulting in increased water-solubility of Ral and increased degradation rates of PCL and PLGA with enhanced water penetration into the polymer matrix, and ii) usage of PLGA besides PCL in the carrier composition to benefit from less hydrophobic and faster degradable nature of PLGA in comparison to PCL. In vitro cytotoxicity studies performed using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) demonstrated that all microspheres were non-toxic. Evaluation of intensities of Alizarin red S staining conducted after 7 and 14days of incubation of ASCs in the release media of the different microsphere groups was performed with Image J analysis software. At day 7, it was observed that the matrix deposited by the cells cultivated in the release medium of Ral-PEG (1:2) conjugate-loaded PCL:PLGA (1:1) microspheres had significantly higher mineral content (26.78±6.23%) than that of the matrix deposited by the cells cultivated in the release media of the other microsphere groups except Ral-loaded PCL:PLGA (1:1) microsphere group. At day 14, Ral release from Ral-PEG (1:2) conjugate-loaded PCL:PLGA (1:1) microsphere group resulted with significantly higher mineralization of the matrix (32.31±1.85%) deposited by ASCs in comparison to all other microsphere groups. Alizarin red S staining results eventuated in parallel with the release results. Thus, it can be suggested that Ral-PEG (1:2) conjugate-loaded PCL:PLGA (1:1) microsphere formulation has a potential as an effective controlled drug delivery system for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Kavas
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Dilek Keskin
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Korhan Altunbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Tezcaner
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; BIOMATEN, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Samadi FY, Mohammadi Z, Yousefi M, Majdejabbari S. Synthesis of raloxifene–chitosan conjugate: A novel chitosan derivative as a potential targeting vehicle. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:599-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Tao X, Jin S, Wu D, Ling K, Yuan L, Lin P, Xie Y, Yang X. Effects of Particle Hydrophobicity, Surface Charge, Media pH Value and Complexation with Human Serum Albumin on Drug Release Behavior of Mitoxantrone-Loaded Pullulan Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 6:E2. [PMID: 28344259 PMCID: PMC5302549 DOI: 10.3390/nano6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We prepared two types of cholesterol hydrophobically modified pullulan nanoparticles (CHP) and carboxyethyl hydrophobically modified pullulan nanoparticles (CHCP) substituted with various degrees of cholesterol, including 3.11, 6.03, 6.91 and 3.46 per polymer, and named CHP-3.11, CHP-6.03, CHP-6.91 and CHCP-3.46. Dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) showed that the pullulan nanoparticles were 80-120 nm depending on the degree of cholesterol substitution. The mean size of CHCP nanoparticles was about 160 nm, with zeta potential -19.9 mV, larger than CHP because of the carboxyethyl group. A greater degree of cholesterol substitution conferred greater nanoparticle hydrophobicity. Drug-loading efficiency depended on nanoparticle hydrophobicity, that is, nanoparticles with the greatest degree of cholesterol substitution (6.91) showed the most drug encapsulation efficiency (90.2%). The amount of drug loading increased and that of drug release decreased with enhanced nanoparticle hydrophobicity. Nanoparticle surface-negative charge disturbed the amount of drug loading and drug release, for an opposite effect relative to nanoparticle hydrophobicity. The drug release in pullulan nanoparticles was higher pH 4.0 than pH 6.8 media. However, the changed drug release amount was not larger for negative-surface nanoparticles than CHP nanoparticles in the acid release media. Drug release of pullulan nanoparticles was further slowed with human serum albumin complexation and was little affected by nanoparticle hydrophobicity and surface negative charge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Shu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Dehong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Kai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Liming Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Pingfa Lin
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou 350300, China.
| | - Yongchao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pritchard T, Rosengren RJ, Greish K, Taurin S. Raloxifene nanomicelles reduce the growth of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. J Drug Target 2015; 24:441-9. [PMID: 26373825 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1086360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients are characterised by a 5-year relative survival rate of ∼25-33%. Recently, our laboratory encapsulated a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, raloxifene, into poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (SMA-raloxifene), which demonstrated superior in vitro cytotoxicity compared with free drug against several CRPC cell lines. PURPOSE To validate SMA-raloxifene for the management of CRPC using a mouse xenograft model. METHODS The internalisation and retention of micellar and free raloxifene in vitro were measured by HPLC. A PC3-CRPC xenograft model was used to compare the biodistribution of both raloxifene formulations, as well as their effect on tumour progression where mice received free raloxifene (1 or 5 mg/kg, i.v.) or SMA-raloxifene (1 mg/kg, i.v.) weekly for 4 weeks. RESULTS SMA-raloxifene exhibited 75% higher intracellular content compared to free drug after 48 h in PC3 cells. Biodistribution of raloxifene was 69% higher in tumours following SMA-raloxifene compared with free raloxifene. Weekly administration of 1 mg/kg free raloxifene reduced tumour progression by 20% after 4 weeks, whereas 1 mg/kg SMA-raloxifene and 5 mg/kg free raloxifene reduced progression by 40%. CONCLUSION Encapsulation of raloxifene increased its therapeutic potential for the management of CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara Pritchard
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ocal Y, Kurum B, Karahan S, Tezcaner A, Ozen S, Keskin D. Characterization and Evaluation of Triamcinolone, Raloxifene, and Their Dual-Loaded Microspheres as Prospective Local Treatment System in Rheumatic Rat Joints. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2396-405. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
28
|
Fontana MC, Beckenkamp A, Buffon A, Beck RCR. Controlled release of raloxifene by nanoencapsulation: effect on in vitro antiproliferative activity of human breast cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:2979-91. [PMID: 24971009 PMCID: PMC4069136 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s62857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene hydrochloride (RH) is considered to be an antiproliferative agent of mammary tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the encapsulation of RH in polymeric nanocapsules with anionic or cationic surface on its release profile and antiproliferative activity. They were prepared by interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, followed by wide physicochemical characterization. The in vitro RH release was assessed by the dialysis membrane method and the data analyzed by mathematical modeling. The antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cell viability was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay as well as by counting viable cells. They had high encapsulation efficiency, low polydispersity, and nanometric mean size. Nanocapsules prepared with Eudragit® RS100 and Eudragit® S100 presented positive and negative zeta potentials, respectively. Drug release studies demonstrated controlled release of RH from anionic nanocapsules, which could be explained due to a stronger interaction of the drug to these nanocapsules and the larger amount of entrapped drug. On the other hand, this control was not observed from cationic nanocapsules due to the larger amount of drug adsorbed onto their surface. MCF-7 cell viability studies and cell counting showed that RH-loaded Eudragit® RS100 nanocapsules promote the best antiproliferative activity after 24 hours of treatment, whereas the best activity was observed for RH-loaded Eudragit® S100 nanocapsules after 72 hours. Furthermore, the combined treatment of these formulations improved the antiproliferative effect during the entire treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Camponogara Fontana
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Beckenkamp
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andréia Buffon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Aditya N, Ravi PR, Avula USR, Vats R. Poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules for oral delivery of raloxifene: process optimization by hybrid design approach, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:508-18. [PMID: 24697167 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2014.885603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Raloxifene HCl (RLX), a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, has low oral bioavailability (<2%) in humans due to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive first-pass metabolism in gut. In this study, we optimised the method of preparation for poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based nanocapsules of RLX by double emulsion method (w/o/w). A hybrid design approach, Plackett-Burman design followed by rotatable central composite design, was used to arrive at the optimised formulation. The optimised formulation was subjected to in vitro and in vivo evaluation. RLX loaded nanocapsules were spherical in shape with particle size less than 200 nm and high encapsulation efficiency (>80%). RLX-loaded nanocapsules showed 2.1-fold increase in oral bioavailability compared to free RLX. IV pharmacokinetic studies indicated that RLX loaded into nanocapsule had significantly low clearance in comparison with free RLX. Designed nanocapsules showed promise as delivery systems to enhance oral bioavailability and in reducing clearance of raloxifene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Aditya
- Department of Pharmacy, BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus , Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh , India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Babanejad N, Nikjeh MMA, Amini M, Dorkoosh FA. A nanoparticulate raloxifene delivery system based on biodegradable carboxylated polyurethane: Design, optimization, characterization, andin vitroevaluation. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Babanejad
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University; Qazvin Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Amini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Farid A. Dorkoosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics; Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nabi-Meibodi M, Vatanara A, Najafabadi AR, Rouini MR, Ramezani V, Gilani K, Etemadzadeh SMH, Azadmanesh K. The effective encapsulation of a hydrophobic lipid-insoluble drug in solid lipid nanoparticles using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:408-14. [PMID: 24036624 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Raloxifene HCl (RH), a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), is indicated for the prophylaxis or treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. RH shows extremely poor bioavailability due to limited solubility and an extensive intestinal/hepatic first-pass metabolism. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are valuable carriers that can enhance drug bioavailability. However, in the case of RH, the encapsulation of the drug in SLNs remains a challenge because of its poor solubility in both water and lipids. In this study, a series of RH-containing SLNs (RH-SLNs) were generated using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method. Briefly, RH with various drug/lipid ratios was solubilized in the inner core of a double emulsion using different water/organic solvent mixtures. Our best formulation was achieved with the formation of negatively charged nanoparticles, 180nm in diameter, with an encapsulation and loading efficiency of 85% and 4.5%, respectively. It also showed a Fickian mechanism of the drug release in the basic dissolution media. Thermal analysis revealed a distinct decrease in the crystallinity of lipids and RH in comparison with the unprocessed materials. The results of a cell viability assay also showed a better antiproliferative effect of the drug-loaded SLNs versus the free drug solution. Thus, these results indicated that the modified DESE method could be proposed for the effective encapsulation of RH in SLNs with appropriate physicochemical and biological properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Meibodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ravi PR, Aditya N, Vats R. Development, validation, and pharmacokinetic application of liquid chromatographic method for estimation of raloxifene hydrochloride in rabbit plasma. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.24.2012.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
33
|
Karavelidis V, Karavas E, Giliopoulos D, Papadimitriou S, Bikiaris D. Evaluating the effects of crystallinity in new biocompatible polyester nanocarriers on drug release behavior. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:3021-32. [PMID: 22162659 PMCID: PMC3230569 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new polyesters based on 1,3-propanediol and different aliphatic dicarboxylic acids were used to prepare ropinirole HCl-loaded nanoparticles. The novelty of this study lies in the use of polyesters with similar melting points but different degrees of crystallinity, varying from 29.8% to 67.5%, as drug nanocarriers. Based on their toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, these aliphatic polyesters were found to have cytotoxicity similar to that of polylactic acid and so may be considered as prominent drug nanocarriers. Drug encapsulation in polyesters was performed via an emulsification/solvent evaporation method. The mean particle size of drug-loaded nanoparticles was 164–228 nm, and the drug loading content was 16%–23%. Wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ropinirole HCl existed in an amorphous state within the nanoparticle polymer matrices. Drug release diagrams revealed a burst effect for ropinirole HCl in the first 6 hours, probably due to release of drug located on the nanoparticle surface, followed by slower release. The degree of crystallinity of the host polymer matrix seemed to be an important parameter, because higher drug release rates were observed in polyesters with a low degree of crystallinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Karavelidis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Chemistry Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nanaki SG, Pantopoulos K, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis of biocompatible poly(ɛ-caprolactone)- block-poly(propylene adipate) copolymers appropriate for drug nanoencapsulation in the form of core-shell nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2981-95. [PMID: 22162656 PMCID: PMC3230566 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(propylene adipate)-block-poly(ɛ-caprolactone) copolymers were synthesized using a combination of polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone in the presence of poly(propylene adipate). Gel permeation chromatography was used for molecular weight determination, whereas hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed for copolymer characterization and composition evaluation. The copolymers were found to be block while their composition was similar to the feeding ratio. They formed semicrystalline structures, while only poly(ɛ-caprolactone) formed crystals, as shown by wide angle X-ray diffraction. Differential scanning calorimetry data suggest that the melting point and heat of fusion of copolymers decreased by increasing the poly(propylene adipate) amount. The synthesized polymers exhibited low cytotoxicity and were used to encapsulate desferrioxamine, an iron-chelating drug. The desferrioxamine nanoparticles were self-assembled into core shell structures, had mean particle size <250 nm, and the drug remained in crystalline form. Further studies revealed that the dissolution rate was mainly related to the melting temperature, as well as to the degree of crystallinity of copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula G Nanaki
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nanoencapsulation of a water soluble drug in biocompatible polyesters. Effect of polyesters melting point and glass transition temperature on drug release behavior. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|