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Isbel SR, Patil SA, Bugarin A. NHCs silver complexes as potential antimicrobial agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 563:121899. [PMID: 38292701 PMCID: PMC10824532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
NHCs (N-heterocyclic carbenes) are generally used as organic ligands that can coordinate with metal ions like silver to form stable complexes. These complexes have shown enhanced antimicrobial properties compared to silver alone. This document provides an overview of the reported NHC-based silver derivatives (acetates, chlorides, bromides, and iodides) who possess antimicrobial activity. This review covers articles published between the first report (2006) and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Isbel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
- Centre for Nano & Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
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Scattolin T, Tonon G, Botter E, Guillet SG, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Gold(I)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Synthons in Organometallic Synthesis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301961. [PMID: 37463071 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The prominent role of gold-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in numerous research areas such as homogeneous (photo)catalysis, medicinal chemistry and materials science has prompted organometallic chemists to design gold-based synthons that permit access to target complexes through simple synthetic steps under mild conditions. In this review, the main gold-NHC synthons employed in organometallic synthesis are discussed. Mechanistic aspects involved in their synthesis and reactivity as well as applications of gold-NHC synthons as efficient pre-catalysts, antitumor agents and/or photo-emissive materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Eleonora Botter
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Campus Scientifico, Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Sebastien G Guillet
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Komlyagina VI, Romashev NF, Besprozvannykh VK, Arakelyan J, Wu C, Chubarov AS, Bakaev IV, Soh YK, Abramov PA, Cheung KL, Kompan'kov NB, Ryadun AA, Babak MV, Gushchin AL. Effects of Bis(imino)acenaphthene (Bian)-Derived Ligands on the Cytotoxicity, DNA Interactions, and Redox Activity of Palladium(II) Bipyridine Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37418540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic bipyridine Pd(II) complexes based on 1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (dpp-Bian) or 1,2-bis[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene (tmp-Bian) were prepared. All complexes were fully characterized by spectrochemical methods, and their crystal structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The 72 h stability of heteroleptic bipyridine Pd(II) complexes with Bian ligands under physiological conditions was investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The anticancer activity of all complexes was assessed in a panel of cancer cell lines in comparison with uncoordinated ligands and clinically used drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin. The ability of the complexes to bind DNA was investigated using several methods, including EtBr replacement assay, density functional theory calculations, circular dichroism spectroscopy, DNA gel electrophoresis, and TUNEL assay. The electrochemical activity of all complexes and the uncoordinated ligands was studied using cyclic voltammetry, and reactive oxygen species production in cancer cells was investigated using confocal microscopy. Heteroleptic bipyridine PdII-Bian complexes were cytotoxic in a low micromolar concentration range and showed some selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison with noncancerous MRC-5 lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika I Komlyagina
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nikolai F Romashev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victoria K Besprozvannykh
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Jemma Arakelyan
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengnan Wu
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Alexey S Chubarov
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 8 Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Bakaev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yee Kiat Soh
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Pavel A Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634034, Russian Federation
| | - Kin Leung Cheung
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
- Shun Lee Catholic Secondary School, 7 Shun Chi St, Cha Liu Au, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nikolai B Kompan'kov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Romashev NF, Abramov PA, Bakaev IV, Fomenko IS, Samsonenko DG, Novikov AS, Tong KKH, Ahn D, Dorovatovskii PV, Zubavichus YV, Ryadun AA, Patutina OA, Sokolov MN, Babak MV, Gushchin AL. Heteroleptic Pd(II) and Pt(II) Complexes with Redox-Active Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Multimodal Anticancer Mechanism. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2105-2118. [PMID: 35029379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic square-planar Pt and Pd complexes with bis(diisopropylphenyl) iminoacenaphtene (dpp-Bian) and Cl, 1,3-dithia-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit), or 1,3-dithia-2-thione-4,5-diselenolate (dsit) ligands have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The intermolecular noncovalent interactions in the crystal structures were assessed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The anticancer activity of Pd complexes in breast cancer cell lines was limited by their solubility. Pd(dpp-Bian) complexes with dmit and dsit ligands as well as an uncoordinated dpp-Bian ligand were devoid of cytotoxicity, while the [Pd(dpp-Bian)Cl2] complex was cytotoxic. On the contrary, all Pt(dpp-Bian) complexes demonstrated anticancer activity in a low micromolar concentration range, which was 8-20 times higher than the activity of cisplatin, and up to 2.5-fold selectivity toward cancer cells over healthy fibroblasts. The presence of a redox-active dpp-Bian ligand in Pt and Pd complexes resulted in the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. In addition, these complexes were able to intercalate into DNA, indicating the dual mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai F Romashev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel A Abramov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ivan V Bakaev
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogov st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Iakov S Fomenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Denis G Samsonenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander S Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Dohyun Ahn
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Pavel V Dorovatovskii
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Square 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Yan V Zubavichus
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, 5 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Aleksey A Ryadun
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga A Patutina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Artem L Gushchin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Büssing R, Karge B, Lippmann P, Jones PG, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Gold(I) and Gold(III) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Antibacterial Agents and Inhibitors of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3402-3409. [PMID: 34268875 PMCID: PMC9290826 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of (NHC)Au(I)Cl monocarbene complexes and their gold(III) analogues (NHC)Au(III)Cl3 were prepared and investigated as antibacterial agents and inhibitors of bacterial TrxR. The complexes showed stronger antibacterial effects against the Gram-positive MRSA and E. faecium strains than against several Gram-negative bacteria. All complexes were efficient inhibitors of bacterial thioredoxin reductase, indicating that inhibition of this enzyme might be involved in their mechanism of action. The efficacy of gold(I) and gold(III) analogues was comparable in most of the assays. The cytotoxicity of the gold NHC compounds against cancer and human cells was overall weaker than the activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that their optimization as antibacterials warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Büssing
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical BiologyHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Inhoffenstrasse 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Petra Lippmann
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Peter G. Jones
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigHagenring 3038106BraunschweigGermany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical BiologyHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Inhoffenstrasse 738124BraunschweigGermany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBeethovenstrasse 5538106BraunschweigGermany
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Acenaphthene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have become a privileged structural motif in modern homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis. The last two decades have brought a plethora of structurally and electronically diversified carbene ligands, enabling the development of cutting-edge transformations, especially in the area of carbon-carbon bond formation. Although most of these were accomplished with common imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ligands, the most challenging ones were only accessible with the acenaphthylene-derived N-heterocyclic carbene ligands bearing a π-extended system. Their superior σ-donor capabilities with simultaneous ease of modification of the rigid backbone enhance the catalytic activity and stability of their transition metal complexes, which makes BIAN-NHC (BIAN—bis(imino)acenaphthene) ligands an attractive tool for the development of challenging reactions. The present review summarizes synthetic efforts towards BIAN-NHC metal complexes bearing acenaphthylene subunits and their applications in modern catalysis, with special emphasis put on recently developed enantioselective processes.
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Chen C, Liu FS, Szostak M. BIAN-NHC Ligands in Transition-Metal-Catalysis: A Perfect Union of Sterically Encumbered, Electronically Tunable N-Heterocyclic Carbenes? Chemistry 2021; 27:4478-4499. [PMID: 32989914 PMCID: PMC7940599 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of NHCs (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbenes) as ancillary ligands in transition-metal-catalysis ranks as one of the most important developments in synthesis and catalysis. It is now well-recognized that the strong σ-donating properties of NHCs along with the ease of scaffold modification and a steric shielding of the N-wingtip substituents around the metal center enable dramatic improvements in catalytic processes, including the discovery of reactions that are not possible using other ancillary ligands. In this context, although the classical NHCs based on imidazolylidene and imidazolinylidene ring systems are now well-established, recently tremendous progress has been made in the development and catalytic applications of BIAN-NHC (BIAN = bis(imino)acenaphthene) class of ligands. The enhanced reactivity of BIAN-NHCs is a direct result of the combination of electronic and steric properties that collectively allow for a major expansion of the scope of catalytic processes that can be accomplished using NHCs. BIAN-NHC ligands take advantage of (1) the stronger σ-donation, (2) lower lying LUMO orbitals, (3) the presence of an extended π-system, (4) the rigid backbone that pushes the N-wingtip substituents closer to the metal center by buttressing effect, thus resulting in a significantly improved control of the catalytic center and enhanced air-stability of BIAN-NHC-metal complexes at low oxidation state. Acenaphthoquinone as a precursor enables facile scaffold modification, including for the first time the high yielding synthesis of unsymmetrical NHCs with unique catalytic properties. Overall, this results in a highly attractive, easily accessible class of ligands that bring major advances and emerge as a leading practical alternative to classical NHCs in various aspects of catalysis, cross-coupling and C-H activation endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Feng-Shou Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, 528458, China
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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Esarte Palomero O, Cunningham AL, Davies BW, Jones RA. Antibacterial Thiamine inspired silver (I) and gold (I) N-heterocyclic carbene compounds. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021; 517:120152. [PMID: 33568836 PMCID: PMC7869835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three new coinage metal carbene complexes of silver and gold were synthesized from a thiamine inspired proligand. The compounds were characterized by HRMS, NMR spectroscopy (1H, 19F, 31P and 13C), FT-IR and elemental analysis. The coordination environment around the metal centers was correlated to the diffusion coefficients obtained from DOSY-NMR experiments and was in agreement with the nuclearity observed in the solid-state by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The silver and gold carbene compounds were subjected to MIC studies against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug resistant strains, with the gold carbene derivative showing the most potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Bryan W Davies
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin
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Hockin BM, Mackenzie CFR, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Robertson N, Zysman-Colman E. Physical and photophysical properties of a linear copper(I) complex of a bulky acenapthene-based NHC ligand. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1871901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryony M. Hockin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Campbell F. R. Mackenzie
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Neil Robertson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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Nomiya K, Murara Y, Iwasaki Y, Arai H, Yoshida T, Chikaraishi Kasuga N, Matsubara T. Highly active, homogeneous catalysis by polyoxometalate-assisted N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I) complexes for hydration of diphenylacetylene. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Makar S, Saha T, Singh SK. Naphthalene, a versatile platform in medicinal chemistry: Sky-high perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:252-276. [PMID: 30366253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene, a cytotoxic moiety, is an extensively explored aromatic conjugated system with applications in various pathophysiological conditions viz. anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-neurodegenerative, antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, antidepressant. Naphthalene epoxides and naphthoquinones are most reactive metabolites of naphthalene and are responsible for the covalent interaction with cysteine amino acid of cellular proteins for cytotoxic nature. Many naphthalene derived bioactive phytoconstituents are present in nature including podophyllotoxins (Etoposide, teniposide), bis-ANS 82, Rifampicin, Justiprocumin A, B, Patentiflorin A. The naphthalene-based molecules, viz. Naphyrone, tolnaftate, naftifine, nafcillin, terbinafine, propranolol, nabumetone, nafimidone, naproxen, duloxetine, lasofoxifene, bedaquiline etc. have also been approved by FDA and are being marketed as therapeutics. Thus, the naphthalene scaffold emerges as an important building block in drug discovery owing to its broad spectrum of biological activities through varying structural modifications. This review incorporates the pharmacological aspects of different types of chemically modified naphthalene-based molecules along with their activity profile. This compiled information may serve as a benchmark for the alteration of existing ligands to design novel potent molecules with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Makar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Tanmay Saha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India.
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13
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Shen A, Wu Z, Fang Y, Yang J, Zhu H, Tu T. A Concerted Catalytic System for Sonogashira Coupling Reactions: Combination of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Palladium and Copper Complexes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ancheng Shen
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University; Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 2205 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Zhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University; Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 2205 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Yue Fang
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University; Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
| | - Jinming Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Yancheng Teachers University; Yancheng Jiangsu 224051 China
| | - Haibo Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Biological and Materials Sciences; East China University of Technology; Nanchang Jiangxi Province 330013 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 2205 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Tao Tu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials; Department of Chemistry; Fudan University; 2205 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
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14
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Porchia M, Pellei M, Marinelli M, Tisato F, Del Bello F, Santini C. New insights in Au-NHCs complexes as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:709-746. [PMID: 29407992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Within the research field of antitumor metal-based agents alternative to platinum drugs, gold(I/III) coordination complexes have always been in the forefront due mainly to the familiarity of medicinal chemists with gold compounds, whose application in medicine goes back in the ancient times, and to the rich chemistry shown by this metal. In the last decade, N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC), a class of ligands that largely resembles the chemical properties of phosphines, became of interest for gold(I) medicinal applications, and since then, the research on NHC-gold(I/III) coordination complexes as potential antiproliferative agents boosted dramatically. Different classes of gold(I/III)-NHC complexes often showed an outstanding in vitro antiproliferative activity, however up to now very few in vivo data have been reported to corroborate the in vitro results. This review summarizes all achievements in the field of gold (I/III) complexes comprising NHC ligands proposed as potential antiproliferative agents in the period 2004-2016, and critically analyses biological data (mainly IC50 values) in relation to the chemical structures of Au compounds. The state of art of the in vivo studies so far described is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maura Pellei
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Marika Marinelli
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Carlo Santini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
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Schmidt C, Karge B, Misgeld R, Prokop A, Franke R, Brönstrup M, Ott I. Gold(I) NHC Complexes: Antiproliferative Activity, Cellular Uptake, Inhibition of Mammalian and Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductases, and Gram-Positive Directed Antibacterial Effects. Chemistry 2017; 23:1869-1880. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Beethovenstrasse 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Bianka Karge
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Rainer Misgeld
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology; Children's Hospital Cologne; Amsterdamer Strasse 59 50735 Cologne Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Paedriatric Oncology; Children's Hospital Cologne; Amsterdamer Strasse 59 50735 Cologne Germany
| | - Raimo Franke
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH; Inhoffenstrasse 7 38124 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Technische Universität Braunschweig; Beethovenstrasse 55 38106 Braunschweig Germany
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Farooq M, Taha NA, Butorac RR, Evans DA, Elzatahry AA, Wadaan MAM, Cowley AH. BIAN N-Heterocyclic Gold Carbene Complexes induced cytotoxicity in human cancer cells via upregulating oxidative stress. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:7003-6. [PMID: 26514482 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.16.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles of gold and silver are offering revolutionary changes in the field of cancer therapy. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities and are being investigated as potential chemotherapeutic agents. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and possible mechanisms of action of two types of newly synthesized nanofiber composites containing BIAN N-heterocyclic gold carbene complexes in two types of human cancer cells, namely breast cancer (MCF7) and liver cancer (HepG2) cells and also in normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT cell viability assay and oxidative stress by checking the total glutathione level. RESULTS Both compounds affected the cell survival of the tested cell lines at very low concentrations (IC50 values in the micro molar range) as compared to a well-known anti-cancer drug, 5 fluorouracil. A 60-80% depletion in total glutathione level was detected in treated cells. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in total glutathione level is one of the biochemical pathways for the induction of oxidative stress which in turn could be a possible mechanism of action by which these compounds induce cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. The in vitro toxicity towards cancer cells found here means that these molecules could be potential anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail :
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17
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Almáši M, Vargová Z, Sabolová D, Kudláčová J, Hudecová D, Kuchár J, Očenášová L, Györyová K. Ag(I) and Zn(II) isonicotinate complexes: design, characterization, antimicrobial effect, and CT-DNA binding studies. J COORD CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Almáši
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Z. Vargová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - D. Sabolová
- Faculty of Science, Deparment of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J. Kudláčová
- Faculty of Science, Deparment of Biochemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - D. Hudecová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - J. Kuchár
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L. Očenášová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - K. Györyová
- Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
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18
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Farooq M, Taha NA, Butorac RR, Evans DA, Elzatahry AA, Elsayed EA, Wadaan MAM, Al-Deyab SS, Cowley AH. Biological Screening of Newly Synthesized BIAN N-Heterocyclic Gold Carbene Complexes in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24718-31. [PMID: 26501273 PMCID: PMC4632773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes possess diverse biological activities but have yet to be extensively explored as potential chemotherapeutic agents. We have previously reported the synthesis of a new class of NHC metal complexes N-heterocyclic with acetate [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc] and chloride [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] ligands. In the experiments reported herein, the zebrafish embryos were exposed to serial dilutions of each of these complexes for 10-12 h. One hundred percent mortality was observed at concentrations≥50 µM. At sub-lethal concentrations (10-30 µM), both compounds influenced zebrafish embryonic development. However, quite diverse categories of abnormalities were found in exposed embryos with each compound. Severe brain deformation and notochord degeneration were evident in the case of [IPr(BIAN)AuOAc]. The zebrafish embryos treated with [IPr(BIAN)AuCl] exhibited stunted growth and consequently had smaller body sizes. A depletion of 30%-40% glutathione was detected in the treated embryos, which could account for one of the possible mechanism of neurotoxicity. The fact that these compounds are capable of both affecting the growth and also compromising antioxidant systems by elevating intracellular ROS production implies that they could play an important role as a new breed of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nael Abu Taha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rachel R Butorac
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Daniel Anthony Evans
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Elsayed Ahmed Elsayed
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Mohammad A M Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alan H Cowley
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Valdés H, Poyatos M, Peris E. Postmodification of the Electronic Properties by Addition of π-Stacking Additives in N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes with Extended Polyaromatic Systems. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3654-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valdés
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Valdés H, Poyatos M, Ujaque G, Peris E. Experimental and theoretical approaches to the influence of the addition of pyrene to a series of Pd and Ni NHC-based complexes: catalytic consequences. Chemistry 2014; 21:1578-88. [PMID: 25413787 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of Ni and Pd complexes with three different N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based ligands (imidazolylidene, benzimidazolylidene and pyrene-imidazolylidene) has been prepared and fully characterized. The influence of the addition of pyrene to solutions containing these complexes is studied by means of NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies and by cyclic voltammetry. The addition of pyrene to the pyrene-NHC-containing Pd and Ni complexes gives rise to the formation of adducts by π-π stacking interactions between pyrene and the pyrene group of the NHC ligand. This interaction causes a modification of the electronic properties of the metal, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetric studies of the Ni-NHC complexes. Theoretical calculations support this type of π-interactions, and justify the higher interactions observed with the pyrene-NHC containing complexes. The catalytic activities of the complexes were tested in the Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling and in the α-arylation of ketones. The addition of pyrene as an external π-stacking additive does not affect the activities of the complexes in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, but this observation may be justified due to the fact that the process is heterogeneously catalyzed, as indicated by the mercury-drop test. The addition of pyrene to the catalytic α-arylation of ketones results in a decrease in the activity of the reactions catalyzed by the pyrene-imidazolylidene palladium complex, whereas the other two catalysts do not modify their activity in the presence of this π-stacking additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valdés
- Dpto. de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Avda. Sos Baynat, 12071 Castellón (Spain)
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21
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Glišić BĐ, Djuran MI. Gold complexes as antimicrobial agents: an overview of different biological activities in relation to the oxidation state of the gold ion and the ligand structure. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5950-69. [PMID: 24598838 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interest in antimicrobial gold complexes originated from the work of Robert Koch at the end of 19th century, who demonstrated that potassium dicyanidoaurate(I), K[Au(CN)2], showed activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a causative agent of tuberculosis. Subsequently, a large number of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been evaluated as possible antimicrobial agents against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi and parasites. The first part of the present review article summarizes the results achieved in the field of antibacterial and antifungal activity of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. The represented gold(I) complexes have been divided into three distinct classes based on the type of coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with phosphine-type ligands, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and (iii) various other gold(I) complexes, while the results related to the antibacterial and antifungal gold(III) complexes have been mainly focused on the organometallic-type of complexes. The second section of this article represents findings obtained from the evaluation of antimalarial activity of gold complexes against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite. Antimalarial gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been divided into the following classes, based on the nature of the coordinated ligand: (i) complexes with chloroquine and its derivatives, (ii) complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, (iii) complexes containing functionalised alkynes and (iv) thiosemicarbazonato ligands, as well as (v) other gold(I) and gold(III) complexes. In the last section of the review, gold(I) and gold(III) complexes have been reported to be potential agents against parasites that cause amoebiasis, leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis. A systematic summary of these results could contribute to the future design of new gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as potential antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Đ Glišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.
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22
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Antibacterial properties of water-soluble gold(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 135:54-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Crawford KA, Cowley AH, Humphrey SM. Bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-supported palladium(ii) carbene complexes as effective C–C coupling catalysts and solvent effects in organic and aqueous media. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00192c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Significant solvent effects in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction are described for the case of two new N-heterocyclic carbene-supported palladium(ii) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan H. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Texas at Austin
- Austin, USA
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24
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Tapu D, McCarty Z, Hutchinson L, Ghattas C, Chowdhury M, Salerno J, VanDerveer D. A dibenz[a,c]phenazine-supported N-heterocyclic carbene and its rhodium and iridium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Valdés H, Poyatos M, Peris E. A Pyrene-Based N-Heterocyclic Carbene: Study of Its Coordination Chemistry and Stereoelectronic Properties. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om401134w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Valdés
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Departamento
de Quı́mica Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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26
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Elzatahry AA, Al-Enizi AM, Elsayed EA, Butorac RR, Al-Deyab SS, Wadaan MAM, Cowley AH. Nanofiber composites containing N-heterocyclic carbene complexes with antimicrobial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:2829-32. [PMID: 22745545 PMCID: PMC3383321 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s31810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This report concerns nanofiber composites that incorporate N-heterocyclic carbenes and the use of such composites for testing antimicrobial and antifungal activities. The nanofiber composites were produced by electrospinning mixtures of the gold chloride or gold acetate complexes of a bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN)-supported NHC with aqueous solutions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The products were characterized by scanning-electron microscopy, which revealed that nanofibers in the range of 250–300 nm had been produced. The biological activities of the nanofiber composites were tested against two Gram-positive bacteria, six Gram-negative bacteria, and two fungal strains. No activity was evident against the fungal strains. However, the gold chloride complex was found to be active against all the Gram-positive pathogens and one of the Gram-negative pathogens. It was also found that the activity of the produced nanofibers was localized and that no release of the bioactive compound from the nanofibers was evident. The demonstrated antimicrobial activities of these novel nanofiber composites render them potentially useful as wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Elzatahry
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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27
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Nong PS, Zhou YF, Huang LH, Lou JD, Chen XH, Lu XL. Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure of a Silver(I) Compound With Thymine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.610092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Sheng Nong
- a College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhou
- a College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Li-Hong Huang
- a College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Lou
- a College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Chen
- b State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xiu Lian Lu
- a College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , P. R. China
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28
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Patra M, Gasser G, Metzler-Nolte N. Small organometallic compounds as antibacterial agents. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:6350-8. [PMID: 22411216 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12460b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance to commercial antibiotics is an issue of global importance. During the last two decades, the number of antibacterial agents that have been discovered and introduced into the market has steadily declined and failed to meet the challenges posed by rapidly increasing resistance of the pathogens against common antibacterial drugs. The development of new classes of compounds to control the virulence of the pathogens is therefore urgently required. This perspective describes the historical development in brief and recent advances on the preparation of small organometallic compounds as new classes of antibacterial agents with potential for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malay Patra
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie I, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Butorac RR, Al-Deyab SS, Cowley AH. Syntheses, structures and antimicrobial activities of bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN) imidazolium salts. Molecules 2011; 16:3168-78. [PMID: 21499218 PMCID: PMC6260596 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16043168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of four new bis(imino)acenaphthene (BIAN) imidazolium chlorides are reported, three of which have been structurally characterized. The synthesis of a new, structurally authenticated BIAN ligand is also described. We report the results of the use of these BIAN imidazolium salts as antimicrobials against the pathogens S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial efficacies were particularly high for the N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)- and N-(mesityl)- substituted BIAN imidazolium salts (MIC values < 0.6 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Butorac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Salem S. Al-Deyab
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan H. Cowley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-512-471-7478
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