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Zhu G, Li D, Wang X, Guo Q, Zhao Y, Hou W, Li J, Zheng Q. Drug monomers from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. promoting tight junction protein expression for therapeutic effects on lung cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22928. [PMID: 38129556 PMCID: PMC10739844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used for treatment of various diseases, including cancer by activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Tanshinone (TanIIA) and cryptotanshinone (CPT) are major lipophilic compounds extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., which are considered to be the effective compounds affecting the efficacy of the anti-tumor therapy of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. We have explored the mechanism of CPT and TanIIA exerting inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to provide experimental data support for guiding the translational development and clinical application of anti-tumor components of TCM. The subcutaneous tumor model and in vitro culture model of A549 cells was constructed to evaluate CPT and TanIIA's tumour-inhibitory effect respectively. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signalling pathways related to CPT and TanIIA treatment. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to explore the mechanism of CPT and TanIIA intervention on NSCLC. Both CPT and TanIIA significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 tumor cells and tumor growth in animal models. After intervention, the migration ability decreased and the level of apoptosis increased. RNA-seq results showed that both CPT and TanIIA could cause gene differential expression, miR-21-5p as one of the most significant gene expression differences between the two groups, and could act on cell connectivity. CPT and TanIIA play a regulatory role in regulating tight junction proteins (Occludin and ZO1), and Occludin mRNA and protein levels were reduced in an in vitro miR-21-5p overexpression A549 cell model. The mechanisms may be related to the reduction of miR-21-5p expression to increase the level of promoted tight junction protein expression for the purpose of inhibiting proliferation and invasion of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Daorui Li
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qiujun Guo
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuanchen Zhao
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jie Li
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Oncology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Li S, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Li N, Shang Y, Han F, Yu J. Qualitative and quantitative studies on chemical constituents of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction: In vitro and in vivo. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300465. [PMID: 37568255 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction has significant therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases related to phlegm and fluid retention. In this study, we aimed to qualitatively characterize the chemical constituents of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction in vitro and in vivo by HPLC coupled to Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS, and quantitively determine the contents of typical chemical constituents by HPLC method. As a result, a total of 75 chemical constituents were discovered including 37 flavonoids and their glycosides, 20 saponins, 9 sterols, 3 organic acids and their derivatives, 3 lactones, 2 coumarins, and 1 alcohol. Among them, 17 chemical constituents were specifically identified. Subsequently, an HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of seven chemical constituents. Finally, a total of 40 prototype components were initially detected by HPLC-MS method in the biological samples of rats after their water extract was orally administrated. Among them, 29, 27, 12, and 32 prototype components were detected in plasma, bile, urine, and feces, respectively. Moreover, 34 metabolites, including 16 phase II metabolites, were detected for the first time. In conclusion, this study lays the foundation for the identification of chemical components in vitro and in vivo and the elucidation of the potential pharmacodynamic components of Ling-gui-zhu-gan decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Fei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Kang X, Du L, Zhang L, Huang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Chang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y. Tanshinone IIA loaded chitosan nanoparticles decrease toxicity of β-amyloid peptide in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:81-94. [PMID: 36195161 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases that characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Overexpressions of Aβ could induce oxidative stress that might be a key insult to initiate the cascades of Aβ accumulation. As a result, anti-oxidative stress and attenuating Aβ accumulation might be one promising intervention for AD treatment. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), a major component of lipophilic tanshinones in Danshen, is proven to be effective in several diseases, including AD. Due to the poor solubility in water, the clinical application of Tan IIA was limited. Therefore, a great number of nanoparticles were designed to overcome this issue. In the current study, we choose chitson as delivery carrier to load Tanshinone IIA (CS@Tan IIA) and explore the protective effects of CS@Tan IIA on the CL2006 strain, a transgenic C. elegans of AD model organism. Compared with Tan IIA monomer, CS@Tan IIA could significantly prolong the lifespan and attenuate the AD-like symptoms, including reducing paralysis and the Aβ deposition by inhibiting the oxidative stress. The mechanism study showed that the protection of CS@Tan IIA was attenuated by knockdown of daf-16 gene, but not skn-1. The results indicated that DAF-16/SOD-3 pathway was required in the protective effects of CS@Tan IIA. Besides DAF-16/SOD-3 pathway, the Tan IIA-loaded CS nanoparticles might protect the C. elegans against the AD insults via promoting autophagy. All the results consistently suggested that coating by chitosan could improve the solubility of Tan IIA and effectively enhance the protective effects of Tan IIA on AD, which might provide a potential drug loading approach for the hydrophobic drugs as Tan IIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Kang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Libo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sihan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhong C, Lin Z, Ke L, Shi P, Li S, Huang L, Lin X, Yao H. Recent Research Progress (2015-2021) and Perspectives on the Pharmacological Effects and Mechanisms of Tanshinone IIA. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:778847. [PMID: 34819867 PMCID: PMC8606659 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.778847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is an important characteristic component and active ingredient in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and its various aspects of research are constantly being updated to explore its potential application. In this paper, we review the recent progress on pharmacological activities and the therapeutic mechanisms of Tan IIA according to literature during the years 2015-2021. Tan IIA shows multiple pharmacological effects, including anticarcinogenic, cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, urinary, digestive, and motor systems activities. Tan IIA modulates multi-targets referring to Nrf2, AMPK, GSK-3β, EGFR, CD36, HO-1, NOX4, Beclin-1, TLR4, TNF-α, STAT3, Caspase-3, and bcl-2 proteins and multi-pathways including NF-κB, SIRT1/PGC1α, MAPK, SREBP-2/Pcsk9, Wnt, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways, TGF-β/Smad and Hippo/YAP pathways, etc., which directly or indirectly influence disease course. Further, with the reported targets, the potential effects and possible mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases were predicted by bioinformatic analysis. This paper provides new insights into the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Tan IIA against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyuan Ke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Nano Biomedical Technology of Fujian Province, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Drug Target Discovery and Structural and Functional Research, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Gunasekharan M, Choi TI, Rukayadi Y, Mohammad Latif MA, Karunakaran T, Mohd Faudzi SM, Kim CH. Preliminary Insight of Pyrrolylated-Chalcones as New Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Anti-MRSA) Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175314. [PMID: 34500755 PMCID: PMC8434082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are regarded as one of the leading causes of fatal morbidity and death in patients infected with diseases. The ability of microorganisms, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), to develop resistance to current drugs has evoked the need for a continuous search for new drugs with better efficacies. Hence, a series of non-PAINS associated pyrrolylated-chalcones (1–15) were synthesized and evaluated for their potency against MRSA. The hydroxyl-containing compounds (8, 9, and 10) showed the most significant anti-MRSA efficiency, with the MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.08 to 0.70 mg/mL and 0.16 to 1.88 mg/mL, respectively. The time-kill curve and SEM analyses exhibited bacterial cell death within four hours after exposure to 9, suggesting its bactericidal properties. Furthermore, the docking simulation between 9 and penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a, PDB ID: 6Q9N) suggests a relatively similar bonding interaction to the standard drug with a binding affinity score of −7.0 kcal/mol. Moreover, the zebrafish model showed no toxic effects in the normal embryonic development, blood vessel formation, and apoptosis when exposed to up to 40 µM of compound 9. The overall results suggest that the pyrrolylated-chalcones may be considered as a potential inhibitor in the design of new anti-MRSA agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanapriya Gunasekharan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Yaya Rukayadi
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | | | - Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.M.M.F.); (C.-H.K.)
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6
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Wang C, Wang T, Lian BW, Lai S, Li S, Li YM, Tan WJ, Wang B, Mei W. Developmental toxicity of cryptotanshinone on the early-life stage of zebrafish development. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S278-S289. [PMID: 34423663 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cryptotanshinone (Cry) has multiple potential functions in treating different diseases. Most studies on Cry focus on its pharmacological effects and mechanisms, but toxicological reports on Cry are rare. Zebrafish is used as a model organism in drug development as it saves costs and time. This work aimed to investigate the toxicity of Cry on zebrafish. Results showed that growth retardation, pericardial edema, and scoliosis occurred when zebrafish embryos were exposed to Cry, indicating its teratogenic effects. Cell apoptosis was observed in the brainstem area of embryos using acridine orange staining, and qPCR showed that caspase-3 was increased in Cry-exposed embryos. The results of locomotor activity and touched-evoke escape reaction experiments showed that Cry significantly reduced the swimming speed and escape reaction time of larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - B-W Lian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-M Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W-J Tan
- Department of Food Safety, School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - B Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - W Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wang YL, Yin SJ, Yang FQ, Hu G, Zheng GC, Chen H. The Metabolism of Tanshinone IIA, Protocatechuic Aldehyde, Danshensu, Salvianolic Acid B and Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Zebrafish. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190716164035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), protocatechuic aldehyde (PA), danshensu (DSS), salvianolic
acid B (SAB) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) are the major components of Salvia miltiorrhiza
Bge. (Danshen) and Carthamus tinctorius L. (Honghua) herbal pair. These active components
may contribute to the potential synergistic effects of the herbal pair.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the metabolites of TIIA, PA, DSS, SAB and HSYA in
zebrafish, and to explore the influence of HSYA on the metabolism of TIIA, PA, DSS, and SAB.
Method:
48 h post-fertilization zebrafish embryos were exposed either to each compound alone, TIIA
(0.89 μg/mL), PA (0.41 μg/mL), DSS (0.59 μg/mL), SAB (2.15 μg/mL), and HSYA (1.83 μg/mL) and
in combination with HSAY (1.83 μg/mL). The metabolites of TIIA, PA, DSS, SAB, and HSYA in
zebrafish were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
(HPLC-MS/MS) and quantitatively determined by HPLC-MS with single and combined exposure.
Results:
Among the 26 metabolites detected and characterized from these five compounds, methylation,
hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, hydrolysis, sulfation and glucuronidation were the main phase I
and phase II metabolic reactions of these compounds, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed
that HSYA could either enhance or reduce the amount of TIIA, PA, DSS, SAB, and their corresponding
metabolites.
Conclusion:
The results provided a reference for the study on drug interactions in vivo. In addition, the
zebrafish model which required much fewer amounts of test samples, compared to regular mammal
models, had higher efficiency in predicting in vivo metabolism of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guang Hu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Guo-Can Zheng
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Zebrafish as a Successful Animal Model for Screening Toxicity of Medicinal Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101345. [PMID: 33053800 PMCID: PMC7601530 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is used as an embryonic and larval model to perform in vitro experiments and developmental toxicity studies. Zebrafish may be used to determine the toxicity of samples in early screening assays, often in a high-throughput manner. The zebrafish embryotoxicity model is at the leading edge of toxicology research due to the short time required for analyses, transparency of embryos, short life cycle, high fertility, and genetic data similarity. Zebrafish toxicity studies range from assessing the toxicity of bioactive compounds or crude extracts from plants to determining the optimal process. Most of the studied extracts were polar, such as ethanol, methanol, and aqueous solutions, which were used to detect the toxicity and bioactivity. This review examines the latest research using zebrafish as a study model and highlights its power as a tool for detecting toxicity of medicinal plants and its effectiveness at enhancing the understanding of new drug generation. The goal of this review was to develop a link to ethnopharmacological zebrafish studies that can be used by other researchers to conduct future research.
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Wang X, Yang Y, Liu X, Gao X. Pharmacological properties of tanshinones, the natural products from Salvia miltiorrhiza. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2020; 87:43-70. [PMID: 32089238 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Danshen (Cai, et al. 2016) is the dry root and rhizome of the herbaceous plant Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. of family labiatae, a perennial plant that is native to China and Japan. The primary modern clinical applications of Danshen are for heart disease, chronic hepatitis, early cirrhosis, cerebral ischemia and pulmonary heart disease. Emerging evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies has begun to illuminate the pharmacological attributes of the primary lipophilic tanshinones from Danshen, which include tanshinone I, tanshinone II, cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone, etc. Tanshinones offer the properties of anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, antitumor, phytoestrogenic activity, vasodilation, neuroprotection, regulate metabolic function and other pharmacological advances. This chapter will review the discovery of the pharmacodynamic mechanism and pharmacokinetic studies of tanshinones and Danshen for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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Liang S, Wang Z, Yuan J, Zhang J, Dai X, Qin F, Zhang J, Sun Y. Rapid Identification of Tanshinone IIA Metabolites in an Amyloid-β 1-42 Induced Alzherimer's Disease Rat Model using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Qrbitrap Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142584. [PMID: 31315255 PMCID: PMC6680413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that damages health and welfare of the elderly, and there has been no effective therapy for AD until now. It has been proved that tanshinone IIA (tan IIA) could alleviate pathological symptoms of AD via improving non-amyloidogenic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein, decreasing the accumulations of p-tau and amyloid-β1–42 (Aβ1–42), and so forth. However, the further biochemical mechanisms of tan IIA are not clear. The experiment was undertaken to explore metabolites of tan IIA in AD rats induced by microinjecting Aβ1-42 in the CA1 region of hippocampus. AD rats were orally administrated with tan IIA at 100 mg/kg weight, and plasma, urine, faeces, kidney, liver and brain were then collected for metabolites analysis by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Qrbitrap mass spectrometry. Consequently, a total of 37 metabolites were positively or putatively identified on the basis of mass fragmentation behavior, accurate mass measurements and retention times. As a result, methylation, hydroxylation, dehydration, decarbonylation, reduction reaction, glucuronidation, glycine linking and their composite reactions were characterized to illuminate metabolic pathways of tan IIA in vivo. Several metabolites presented differences in the distribution of tan IIA between the sham control and the AD model group. Overall, these results provided valuable references for research on metabolites of tan IIA in vivo and its probable active structure for exerting neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaqi Yuan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueling Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fei Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yaxuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Wei S, Li Y, Li W, Yan M, Deng Y, Zhang B, Cai H. Identification and analysis of components in Shen-Fu-Shu granule extract and in rat plasma after oral administration by UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 169:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Yun WJ, Yao ZH, Fan CL, Qin ZF, Tang XY, Gao MX, Dai Y, Yao XS. Systematic screening and characterization of Qi-Li-Qiang-Xin capsule-related xenobiotics in rats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1090:56-64. [PMID: 29787993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Qi-Li-Qiang-Xin capsule (QLQX), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription (TCMP), is consisted of eleven commonly used herbal medicines, has been widely used for the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the absorbed components and related metabolites after oral administration of QLQX are still remaining unknown. In the present work, a reliable and effective method using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was established to identify QLQX-related xenobiotics in rats. Based on a representative structure based homologous xenobiotics identification (RSBHXI) strategy, a total of eleven compounds (salvianolic acid B, formononetin, benzoylmesaconine, alisol A, sinapine thiocyanate, naringin, tanshinone IIA, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, astragaloside IV and periplocin), bearing different chemical core structures, were selected and investigated for their metabolism in vivo. And then, comprehensive metabolic profiles of the holistic multi-ingredients in QLQX were achieved. As a result, a total of 121 QLQX-related xenobiotics (47 prototypes and 74 metabolites) were identified or tentatively characterized, among them eight prototypes (mesaconine, hypaconine, songorine, fuziline, neoline, talatizamine formononetin, neocryptotanshinone) and two metabolites (calycosin-gluA, formononetin-guA) were relatively the main existing xenobiotics exposed in blood. All absorbed prototype constituents were mainly from six composed herbal medicines (Aconiti lateralis radix, Astragali radix, Ginseng radix, Alismatis rhizoma, Salvia miltiorrhiza radix, Periploca cortex). The main metabolic reactions were methylation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, oxidization, sulfation and glucuronidation. This is the first study on in vivo metabolism of QLQX. These results enabled us to focus on several high exposure ingredients in the discovery of effective substances of QLQX, however further pharmacokinetic study on these QLQX-related xenobiotics are needed to be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jing Yun
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Yao
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Cai-Lian Fan
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zi-Fei Qin
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xi-Yang Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Meng-Xue Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yi Dai
- College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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13
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Giorgio V, Schiavone M, Galber C, Carini M, Da Ros T, Petronilli V, Argenton F, Carelli V, Acosta Lopez MJ, Salviati L, Prato M, Bernardi P. The idebenone metabolite QS10 restores electron transfer in complex I and coenzyme Q defects. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:901-908. [PMID: 29694828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idebenone is a hydrophilic short-chain coenzyme (Co) Q analogue, which has been used as a potential bypass of defective complex I in both Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and OPA1-dependent Dominant Optic Atrophy. Based on its potential antioxidant effects, it has also been tested in degenerative disorders such as Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases. Idebenone is rapidly modified but the biological effects of its metabolites have been characterized only partially. Here we have studied the effects of quinones generated during in vivo metabolism of idebenone with specific emphasis on 6-(9-carboxynonyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (QS10). QS10 partially restored respiration in cells deficient of complex I or of CoQ without inducing the mitochondrial permeability transition, a detrimental effect of idebenone that may offset its potential benefits [Giorgio et al. (2012) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1817: 363-369]. Remarkably, respiration was largely rotenone-insensitive in complex I deficient cells and rotenone-sensitive in CoQ deficient cells. These findings indicate that, like idebenone, QS10 can provide a bypass to defective complex I; and that, unlike idebenone, QS10 can partially replace endogenous CoQ. In zebrafish (Danio rerio) treated with rotenone, QS10 was more effective than idebenone in allowing partial recovery of respiration (to 40% and 20% of the basal respiration of untreated embryos, respectively) and allowing zebrafish survival (80% surviving embryos at 60 h post-fertilization, a time point at which all rotenone-treated embryos otherwise died). We conclude that QS10 is potentially more active than idebenone in the treatment of diseases caused by complex I defects, and that it could also be used in CoQ deficiencies of genetic and acquired origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giorgio
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavone
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Galber
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Carini
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valeria Petronilli
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Carelli
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuel J Acosta Lopez
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- INSTM Trieste Unit, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Basque Fdn Sci, Ikerbasque, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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14
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Shi W, Ling J, Jiang LL, Zhao DS, Wang LL, Wu ZT, Li P, Wei YJ, Li HJ. Metabolism of five diterpenoid lactones from Dioscorea bulbifera tubers in zebrafish. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7765-7773. [PMID: 35539098 PMCID: PMC9078502 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diterpenoid lactones (DLs) have been reported to be the main hepatotoxic constituents in Dioscorea bulbifera tubers (DBT), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb. The acquisition of early information regarding its metabolism is critical for evaluating the potential hepatotoxicity of DLs. We investigated, for the first time, the main metabolites of diosbulbin A (DIOA), diosbulbin C (DIOC), diosbulbin (DIOG), diosbulbin (DIOM) and diosbulbin (DIOF) in adult zebrafish. By using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF MS), 6, 2, 7, 5 and 4 metabolites of DIOA, DIOC, DIOF, DIOM and DIOG were identified in the zebrafish body and the aqueous solution, respectively. Both phase-I and phase-II metabolites were observed in the metabolic profiles and the metabolic pathways involved in hydroxyl reduction, glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation and sulfation. The above results indicated that hepatocytic metabolism might be the major route of clearance for DLs. This study provided important information for the understanding of the metabolism of DLs in DBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jie Ling
- The Third Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine 100 Shizi Street Nanjing 210028 China
| | - Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Zi-Tian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ying-Jie Wei
- The Third Clinical School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine 100 Shizi Street Nanjing 210028 China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University No. 24 Tongjia Lane Nanjing 210009 China
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15
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Yan S, Liu Y, Feng J, Zhao H, Yu Z, Zhao J, Li Y, Zhang J. Difference and alteration in pharmacokinetic and metabolic characteristics of low-solubility natural medicines. Drug Metab Rev 2018; 50:140-160. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2018.1430823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglei Yan
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yuying Liu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhongshu Yu
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jingqing Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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16
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Igor VFDS, Jonatas LD, Caio PF, Hady K, Jesus RRA, Josué AVM, Andrés N, José CTC. Use of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in experimental models for biological assay with natural products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2016.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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17
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Fu B, Guo S, Yu X, Chang H, Wang W. Astragalus Salvia Granules to Benefit the Qi (Qishen Yiqi Keli) protects H9C2 cardiomyocytes by suppressing oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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18
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Ahmad Z, Ng CT, Fong LY, Bakar NAA, Hussain NHM, Ang KP, Ee GCL, Hakim MN. Cryptotanshinone inhibits TNF-α-induced early atherogenic events in vitro. J Physiol Sci 2016; 66:213-20. [PMID: 26732386 PMCID: PMC10717559 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Salvia miltiorrhiza (danshen) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been effectively used to treat cardiovascular disease. Cryptotanshinone (CTS), a major lipophilic compound isolated from S. miltiorrhiza, has been reported to possess cardioprotective effects. However, the anti-atherogenic effects of CTS, particularly on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced endothelial cell activation, are still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of CTS on TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and impaired nitric oxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), all of which are early events occurring in atherogenesis. We showed that CTS significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced increased endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and MCP-1, and restored nitric oxide production. These observations suggest that CTS possesses anti-inflammatory properties and could be a promising treatment for the prevention of cytokine-induced early atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayuti Mohd Hussain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Gong L, Haiyu X, Wang L, Xiaojie Y, Huijun Y, Songsong W, Cheng L, Ma X, Gao S, Liang R, Yang H. Identification and evaluation of the chemical similarity of Yindan xinnaotong samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry fingerprinting. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:611-22. [PMID: 26634631 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Yindan xinnaotong, a compound preparation used in traditional Chinese medicine, is composed of eight herbs: Ginkgo biloba leaf (yinxingye), Salvia miltiorrhizae (danshen), Herba gynostemmatis (jiaogulan), Erigerontis herba (dengzhanxixin), Allii sativi bulbus (dasuan), Notoginseng radixe rhizoma (sanqi), Crataegi fructus (shanzha), and Borneolum (tianranbingpian). Yindan xinnaotong is primarily used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, to date, no scientific methods have been established to assess the quality of Yindan xinnaotong. Therefore, a combinatorial method was developed based on chemical constituent identification and fingerprint analysis to assess the consistency of Yindan xinnaotong quality. In this study, ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical components of Yindan xinnaotong soft capsules. Approximately 74 components were detected, of which 70, including flavonoids, ginkgolide, phenolic acid, diterpenoid tanshinones, and ginsenoside, were tentatively identified. A fingerprint analysis was also conducted to evaluate the uniformity of the quality of Yindan xinnaotong soft capsules. Ten batches of Yindan xinnaotong soft capsules were analyzed. All of the resulting chromatograms were imported into the "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of TCM" (Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, version 2004A). The similarity scores of common peaks from these samples ranged from 0.903-1.000, indicating that samples from different batches were highly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xu Haiyu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yin Xiaojie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Huijun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wang Songsong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Resource Utilisation of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuangrong Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rixin Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, P. R. China
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20
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Xia B, Bai L, Li X, Xiong J, Xu P, Xue M. Structural analysis of metabolites of asiatic acid and its analogue madecassic acid in zebrafish using LC/IT-MSn. Molecules 2015; 20:3001-19. [PMID: 25685908 PMCID: PMC6272356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although zebrafish has become a significant animal model for drug discovery and screening, drug metabolism in zebrafish remains largely unknown. Asiatic acid (AA) and madecassic acid (MA), two natural pentacyclic triterpenoids mainly obtained from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, have been found to possess many pharmacological effects. This study is to probe the metabolic capability of zebrafish via investigation of the drug metabolism of AA and MA in zebrafish, using a sensitive LC/IT-MSn method. In addition, the main fragmentation pathways of AA and MA were reported for the first time. Nineteen metabolites of AA and MA were firstly identified after zebrafish was exposed to the drug, which all were the phase I metabolites and mainly formed from hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation and dehydrogenation, dihydroxylation and dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation reaction. The results indicated that zebrafish possessed strong metabolic capacity, and the metabolites of AA and MA were formed via similar metabolic pathways and well matched with the known metabolic rules in vivo and in vitro, which supports the widely use of this system in drug metabolism research. This investigation would also contribute to the novel information on the structural elucidation, in vivo metabolites and metabolic mechanism of pentacyclic triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Xia
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lu Bai
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jie Xiong
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Pinxiang Xu
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Ming Xue
- Beijing Laboratory for Biomedical Detection Technology and Instrument, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Systematic review of recent advances in pharmacokinetics of four classical Chinese medicines used for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. Fitoterapia 2013; 88:50-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Wang X, Li L, Huo W, Hou L, Zhao Z, Li W. Characterization and Stability of Tanshinone IIA Solid Dispersions with Hydroxyapatite. MATERIALS 2013; 6:805-816. [PMID: 28809341 PMCID: PMC5512800 DOI: 10.3390/ma6030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions of tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) using hydroxyapatite (HAp) as the dispersing carrier (TanIIA-HAp SDs) were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The formed solid dispersions were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro dissolution rate and the stability of TanIIA-HAp SDs were also evaluated. DSC and XRPD showed that TanIIA was changed from a crystalline to an amorphous form. FTIR suggested the presence of interactions between TanIIA and HAp in solid dispersions. The result of an in vitro dissolution study showed that the dissolution rate of TanIIA-HAp SDs was nearly 7.11-folds faster than free TanIIA. Data from stability studies for over one year of TanIIA-HAp SDs performed under room temperature revealed no significant differences in drug content and dissolution behavior. All these results indicated that HAp may be a promising carrier for improving the oral absorption of TanIIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 121 jiangjiayuan, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Wei Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lulu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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