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Riyahi Z, Asadi P, Hassanzadeh F, Khodamoradi E, Gonzalez A, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Synthesis of novel conjugated benzofuran-triazine derivatives: Antimicrobial and in-silico molecular docking studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18759. [PMID: 37576200 PMCID: PMC10412834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new developments of antibacterial agents, a series of benzofuran-triazine based compounds (8a-8h) were designed and synthesized. The derivatives were prepared through conventional chemical reactions and structurally characterized with FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized derivatives was assessed against gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Salmonella entritidis and Escherichia coli). Compound 8e, with the MIC value of 125-32 μg/μl against all the examined strains of bacteria, was the most active antibacterial compound. The synthesized derivatives were also studied for docking to the binding sites of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) receptor which has a key role in drug resistance associated with bacterial infections. The synthesized compounds showed good interaction with the targets through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. According to antibacterial and docking studies, compound 8e could be introduced as a candidate for development of antibacterial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Riyahi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahreza Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 311-86145, Shahreza, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvin Asadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
- Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshid Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Elahe Khodamoradi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexa Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX 78041, USA
| | - Mahmood Karimi Abdolmaleki
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA
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2
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de Castro Alves CE, Koidan G, Hurieva AN, de Freitas Gomes A, Costa de Oliveira R, Guimarães Costa A, Ribeiro Boechat AL, Correa de Oliveira A, Zahorulko S, Kostyuk A, Soares Pontes G. Cytotoxic and immunomodulatory potential of a novel [2-(4-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine] in myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114701. [PMID: 37062222 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. However, the efficacy of commercially available anticancer drugs is compromised by the emerging challenge of drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer and immunomodulatory potential of a recently developed a novel [2-(4-(2,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrrol-1-yl)- 1 H-pyrazol-3-yl) pyridine]. The cytotoxic potential of the compound was assessed using the MTT assay on both cancerous HL60 (acute myeloid leukemia) and K562 (chronic myeloid leukemia) cell lines, as well as non-cancerous Vero cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). A clonogenic assay was employed to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of the compound, while flow cytometry was utilized to investigate its effect on cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory potential of the compound was assessed by quantifying inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the supernatant of PBMCs previously treated with the compound. Our study revealed that the novel pyridine ensemble exhibits selective cytotoxicity against HL60 (IC50 = 25.93 µg/mL) and K562 (IC50 = 10.42 µg/mL) cell lines, while displaying no significant cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous cells. In addition, the compound induced a decrease of 18% and 19% in the overall activity of COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. Concurrently, it upregulated the expression of cytokines including IL4, IL6, IL10, and IL12/23p40, while downregulating INFγ expression. These findings suggest that the compound has the potential to serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias due to its effective antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities, without causing cytotoxicity in non-cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Georgyi Koidan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02660 Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia N Hurieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02660 Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Alice de Freitas Gomes
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Antônio Luiz Ribeiro Boechat
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - André Correa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Serhii Zahorulko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02660 Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr Kostyuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska 5, 02660 Kyiv 94, Ukraine
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil; Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazon, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil.
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3
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Chalkha M, Nakkabi A, Hadda TB, Berredjem M, Moussaoui AE, Bakhouch M, Saadi M, Ammari LE, Almalki FA, Laaroussi H, Jevtovic V, Yazidi ME. Crystallographic study, biological assessment and POM/Docking studies of pyrazoles-sulfonamide hybrids (PSH): Identification of a combined Antibacterial/Antiviral pharmacophore sites leading to in-silico screening the anti-Covid-19 activity. J Mol Struct 2022; 1267:133605. [PMID: 35782312 PMCID: PMC9237569 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and development of new potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents is an essential lever to protect living beings against pathogenic microorganisms and free radicals. In this regard, new functionalized pyrazoles have been synthesized using a simple and accessible approach. The synthesized aminobenzoylpyrazoles 3a-h and pyrazole-sulfonamides 4a-g were obtained in good yields and were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. The structure of the compound 4b was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The results of the in vitro screening show that the synthesized pyrazoles 3 and 4 exhibit a promising antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Among the tested compounds, pyrazoles 3a, 3f, 4e, 4f, and 4g have exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against some microorganisms. In addition, compounds 3a, 3c, 3e, 4a, 4d, 4f, and 4g have shown a significant antioxidant activity in comparison with the standard butylhydroxytoluene (BHT). Hence, compounds 3a, 4f, and 4g represent interesting dual acting antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. In fact, pyrazole derivatives bearing sulfonamide moiety (4a-g) have displayed an important antimicrobial activity compared to pyrazoles 3a-h, this finding could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the pyrazole and sulfonamide pharmacophores. Furthermore, Molecular docking results revealed a good interaction of the synthesized compounds with the target proteins and provided important information about their interaction modes with the target enzyme. The results of the POM bioinformatics investigations (Petra, Osiris, Molinspiration) show that the studied heterocycles present a very good non toxicity profile, an excellent bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics. Finally, an antiviral pharmacophore (O δ−, O δ−) was evaluated in the POM investigations and deserves all our attention to be tested against Covid-19 and its Omicron and Delta mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Chalkha
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment (LIMOME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas, Fez, 30000, Morocco
| | - Asmae Nakkabi
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment (LIMOME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas, Fez, 30000, Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels, Faculté des Sciences, Université Moulay Ismail, BP 11201, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratoire de chimie organique appliquée (LCOA), Groupe de Synthèse de biomolécules et modélisation moléculaire, Université Badji-Mokhtar Annaba, BP 12, Annaba 23000, Algérie
| | - Abdelfattah El Moussaoui
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bakhouch
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centres des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP. 1014, 100090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centres des Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP. 1014, 100090 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Faisal A Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Laaroussi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry & Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed Premier University, MB 524, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Violeta Jevtovic
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El Yazidi
- Engineering Laboratory of Organometallic and Molecular Materials and Environment (LIMOME), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 1796, Atlas, Fez, 30000, Morocco
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4
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Anwer KE, Sayed GH, Ramadan RM. Synthesis, spectroscopic, DFT calculations, biological activities and molecular docking studies of new isoxazolone, pyrazolone, triazine, triazole and amide derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Qadir T, Amin A, Sharma PK, Jeelani I, Abe H. A Review on Medicinally Important Heterocyclic Compounds. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741045-v16-e2202280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds account for the most prominent and diverse class of organic compounds. A significant number of heterocyclic compounds have been synthesized up to this point. Heterocyclic compounds are rapidly increasing in number due to extensive synthetic research and also their synthetic utility. Such compounds have a wide range of uses in the field of medicinal chemistry. Dyestuff, sanitizers, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, and copolymer synthesis are additional well-known applications. There are always distinguishing characteristics of an efficient approach for producing newly discovered heterocyclic compounds and their moieties. According to prior research, more than 90% of medicines containing heterocyclic compounds have been developed after the obtainment of a thorough scientific grasp of the biological system. It was discovered in the neoteric developments of heterocyclic compounds that these play a vital role in curative chemistry, and exert anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiallergic, antibacterial, anti-HIV, antiviral, anti-convulsant, and other biological activities. The present article provides detailed information regarding such heterocyclic compounds.
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6
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Navgire ME, Bhitre SR, Yelwande AA, Lande MK. One-Pot Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxodecahydroacridines Catalyzed by Carbon-Doped MoO3. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Jarrar AK, El-Abadelah MM, Sabri, SS, Zahra JA, Hamdan MS. THIOPHENE RING-OPENING REACTIONS V. EXPEDIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,3,4-THIADIAZOLINE─SULFANYL[1,3]THIAZIN-4-ONE HYBRIDS †. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220314151114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The preparation of 6-chloro-5-nitrothieno[3,2-e][1,3]thiazin-4-one incorporating 2-(N-morpholinyl) moiety, is achieved via a conventional route. Interaction of the latter substrate with a set of N'-(aryl) benzothiohydrazides 1a-f, in the presence of triethylamine, led to a thiophene ring-opening process with the consequent generation of the respective thiolate salts 8a-f. Alkylation of the latter, using methyl iodide or allyl chloride, generated the respective novel 1,3,4-thiadiazoline–6-sulfanyl-1,3-thiazin-4-one hybrids, the structures of which were verified by HRMS and NMR spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah K. Jarrar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jodran
| | - Mustafa M. El-Abadelah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jodran
| | - Salim S. Sabri,
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jodran
| | - Jalal A. Zahra
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jodran
| | - Mohammad S. Hamdan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jodran
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8
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Mirza‐Aghayan M, Mohammadi M, Boukherroub R. Fullerene‐C
60
/
NH
2
: a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the green synthesis of chromene and pyrimidine derivatives and antibacterial evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mirza‐Aghayan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P. O. BOX 14335‐186 Tehran Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohammadi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran (CCERCI), P. O. BOX 14335‐186 Tehran Iran
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts‐de‐France, UMR 8520 ‐ IEMN, F‐59000 Lille France
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9
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Kotha S, Fatma A. Application of Sequential Ring‐Opening, and Ring‐Closing Metathesis or Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis to Design Oxacycles and Azacycles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ambareen Fatma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
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Fouad SA, El-Gendey MS, Ahmed EM, Hessein SA, Ammar YA, Zaki YH. Convenient Synthesis of Some New Thiophene, Pyrazole, and Thiazole Derivatives Bearing Biologically Active Sulfonyl Guanidine Moiety. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1988999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan A. Fouad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa S. El-Gendey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Entsar M. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sadia A. Hessein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousry A. Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser H. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity Studies, Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Antibacterial and molecular docking studies of newly synthesized nucleosides and Schiff bases derived from sulfadimidines. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17953. [PMID: 34504157 PMCID: PMC8429437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of nucleosides, moieties, and Schiff bases were synthesized from sulfadimidine. Infrared (IR), 1HNMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometry techniques and elemental analysis were employed to elucidate the synthesized compounds. The prepared analogues were purified by different chromatographic techniques (preparative TLC and column chromatography). Molecular docking studies of synthesized compounds 3a, 4b, 6a, and 6e demonstrated the binding mode involved in the active site of DNA gyrase. Finally, all synthesized compounds were tested against selected bacterial strains. The most effective synthesized compounds against S. aureus were 3a, 4d, 4b, 3b, 3c, 4c, and 6f, which exhibited inhibition zones of inhibition of 24.33 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 0.577, 22.33 ± 1.528, 18.67 ± 1.528 and 19.33 ± 0.577, respectively. Notably, the smallest zones were observed for 4a, 6d, 6e and 6g (6.33 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 1.528, 11.67 ± 1.528 and 14.66 ± 1.155, respectively). Finally, 6b and 6c gave negative zone values. K. pneumoniae was treated with the same compounds and the following results were obtained. The most effective compounds were 4d, 4c, 4b and 3c, which showed inhibition zones of 29.67 ± 1.528, 24.67 ± 0.577, 23.67 ± 1.155 and 19.33 ± 1.528, respectively, followed by 4a and 3d (15.33 ± 1.528 for both), while moderate results (13.67 ± 1.155 and 11.33 ± 1.528) were obtained for 6f and 6g, respectively. Finally, 6a, 6b, 6c, 3a, and 3b did not show any inhibition. The most effective compounds observed for the treatment of E. coli were 4d, 4b, 4c, 3d, 6e and 6f (inhibition zones of 26.33 ± 0.577, 21.67 ± 1.528, 21.67 ± 1.528, 19.67 ± 1.528, 17.67 ± 1.155 and 16.67 ± 1.155, respectively). Compounds 3b, 3c, 6a, 6c, and 6g gave moderate results (13.67 ± 1.528, 12.67 ± 1.528, 11.33 ± 0.577, 15.33 ± 1.528 and 12.67 ± 1.528, respectively), while 6b showed no effect. The MIC values against S. aureus ranged from 50 to 3.125 mg, while those against E. coli and K. pneumoniae ranged from 50 to 1562 mg. In vitro, the antibacterial effects were promising. Further research is required to study the in vivo antibacterial effects of these compounds and determine therapeutic doses.
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12
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Boudouh I, González JA, Coto B, Moussaoui A, Kasmi A, Djemai I, Hadj-Kali MK. Solid-liquid equilibria for dibenzofuran or Xanthene + Heavy Hydrocarbons: Experimental measurements and modelling. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Celebioglu HU, Erden Y, Hamurcu F, Taslimi P, Şentürk OS, Özmen ÜÖ, Tuzun B, Gulçin İ. Cytotoxic effects, carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes, α-glycosidase and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties, and molecular docking studies of heteroatom-containing sulfonyl hydrazone derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5539-5550. [PMID: 32691677 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1792345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yavuz Erden
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Fatma Hamurcu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Ozan Sanlı Şentürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Burak Tuzun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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14
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Ammar YA, Farag AA, Ali AM, Hessein SA, Askar AA, Fayed EA, Elsisi DM, Ragab A. Antimicrobial evaluation of thiadiazino and thiazolo quinoxaline hybrids as potential DNA gyrase inhibitors; design, synthesis, characterization and morphological studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103841. [PMID: 32325335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of thiadiazino[5,6-b]quinoxaline and thiazolo[4,5-b]quinoxaline derivatives was designed and synthetized from the reaction of 2,3-dichloro-6-(morpholinosulfonyl)quinoxaline (2) with thiosemicarbazide or thiocarbohydrazide and thiourea derivatives to give nineteen quinoxaline derivatives 3-16. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial potential against various bacteria and fungi strains that showed considerable antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. The most potent compounds 2, 7, 9, 10, 12 and 13c were exhibited bactericidal activity, in addition to fungistatic activity by dead live assay. Moreover, these compounds showed a significant result against all multi-drug resistance (MDRB) used especially compound 13c that displayed the best results with MICs of MDRB (1.95, 3.9, 2.6, 3.9 µg/mL) for stains used in this study, compared with Norfloxacin (1.25, 0.78, 1.57, 3.13 µg/mL). Also, cytotoxicity on normal cell (Vero cells ATCC CCL-81) by MTT assay was performed with lower toxicity results. Additionally, morphological studies, immunostimulatory potency and DNA gyrase inhibition assay of most active compounds was done. A molecular docking study has also been carried out to support the effective binding of the most promising compounds at the active site of the target enzyme S. aureus DNA gyrase (2XCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Awatef A Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer M Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sadia A Hessein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Fayed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Elsisi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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15
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Nadeem RA, Abdul Qadir M, Ahmed M, Sajid I. Cephalosporin Conjugated Sulfonamides: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Activities. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180820144621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In the present study, eight new cephalosporin conjugated sulfonamides
were synthesized to investigate the anticancer activity.
Methods:
All the compounds were characterized on the basis of FTIR, 1HNMR, MS and elemental
analysis (CHN). The new compounds were evaluated against the Vero and Hep G2 cancer cell lines
for their anticancer activities. Cytotoxicity of all the compounds was determined against brine
shrimp at 20 μg concentration.
Results and Conclusion:
The results revealed that ceftriaxone conjugated sulfonamide was the
most potent and showed cytotoxicity (86.4 %) comparable to the standard reference drug actinomycin
D (90.0 %). The compounds with lower cLogP value showed more antiproliferative effect due
to their higher cell permeability. Ceftriaxone conjugated with 4-acetamido benzene sulfonyl was the
most active compound against both cell lines with IC50 3.95 μM (Vero) and 5.11 μM (Hep G2) values
whereas its activity was comparable with 5-fluorouracil used as reference drug (IC50 = 2.84 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Asif Nadeem
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imran Sajid
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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16
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Efficient ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O Catalyzed Synthesis of 1H-Indazolo[1,2-b] phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones and Electronic Properties Analyses, Vibrational Frequencies, NMR Chemical Shift Analysis, MEP: A DFT Study. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/9483520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives, using one-pot three-component condensation reaction of 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, hydrazine monohydrate, dimedone, and aromatic aldehydes in the presence of ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O as the novel catalyst and in reflux conditions in EtOH was reported. Quantum theoretical calculations for three structures of compounds (5a, 5b, and 5c) were performed using the Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT). From the optimized structure, geometric parameters were obtained and experimental measurements were compared with the calculated data. The structures of the products were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. The IR spectra data and 1H NMR and 13C NMR chemical shift computations of the 1H-indazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-trione derivatives in the ground state were calculated. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), total density of states (DOS), thermodynamic parameters, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of the title compounds were investigated by theoretical calculations. Molecular properties such as the ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), electronic chemical potential (µ), and electrophilicity (ω) were investigated for the structures. Thus, there was an excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results.
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17
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Lather A, Sharma S, Khatkar S, Khatkar A. Docking Related Survey on Heterocyclic Compounds Based on Glucosamine-6- Phosphate Synthase Inhibitors and their Antimicrobial Potential. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1650-1665. [PMID: 32065087 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200217115211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic heterocyclic compounds have their importance due to their wide applications in various fields of science. The heterocyclic compounds have been reported for their anticancer, antitubercular, insecticides, analeptics, analgesic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and weedicidal activity. Researchers have tried various newer targets in search of better antimicrobials acting via novel mechanisms. Glucosamine-6-Phosphate synthase is an enzyme present in microbial cells. The inactivation of G-6-P synthase may serve as a novel approach to find better antimicrobials. The increasing demands development of newer and effective antimicrobial drugs has reported in search of newer techniques for the generation of new drugs. Hence, the molecular docking technique shall be explored to find or investigate the newer target finding the novel compounds which can be an active antimicrobial compound. The present review has focused on the reported heterocyclic compounds which have been evaluated for their antimicrobial potential using G-6-P synthase as a target. The results of in silico methods and in vitro methods have been compared and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Lather
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Sarita Khatkar
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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18
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Bruyat P, Jean L, Renard PY. Regioselective Solid-Phase Synthesis of Peptide Analogues Containing 3,4- or 3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazole as s-cis
or s-trans
Peptide Bond Mimics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierrick Bruyat
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - Ludovic Jean
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Normandie Univ; UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA (UMR 6014), IRCOF; 1 Rue Tesnières 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex France
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19
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Butt ARS, Abbasi MA, Aziz-ur-Rehman, Siddiqui SZ, Hassan M, Raza H, Shah SAA, Seo SY. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of elastase inhibiting novel ethylated thiazole-triazole acetamide hybrids: Mechanistic insights through kinetics and computational contemplations. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Zhang J, Tan W, Wei L, Chen Y, Mi Y, Sun X, Li Q, Dong F, Guo Z. Synthesis of urea-functionalized chitosan derivatives for potential antifungal and antioxidant applications. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:108-118. [PMID: 30981335 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, five novel urea-functionalized chitosan derivatives were synthesized via condensation reactions of chloroacetyl chitosan (CTCS) with urea groups bearing nitrogen-containing heterocycles. In order to identify the structure characteristics of chitosan derivatives, FT-IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis were carried out. The antifungal activity of the derivatives against four species of phytopathogen (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Phomopsis asparagus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumebrium Owen, and Botrytis cinerea) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of chitosan derivatives was tested by hydroxyl-radical scavenging and superoxide-radical scavenging assays. The results indicated that chitosan derivatives bearing urea groups displayed superior bioactivity compared with chitosan. Besides, L929 cells were adopted for cytotoxicity test of chitosan and synthesized samples by CCK-8 assay and all samples showed decreased cytotoxicity. These results suggested that the novel urea-functionalized chitosan derivatives could be an ideal biomaterial for antifungal and antioxidant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Lijie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingqi Mi
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xueqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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21
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Hamid AMA, Shehta W. Utility of 2-furan-2-yl-4-mercapto-6-methylpyrimidine-5-carbonitrile as a precursor for the synthesis of some novel pyrimidines: antibacterial activity. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mustafa YF. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of novel heterocycle, coumacine, and two of its derivatives. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:870-875. [PMID: 30202230 PMCID: PMC6128705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic nucleus plays a fundamental role in the medicinal chemistry and serves as a key template for the development of various therapeutic agents including broad spectrum antibacterial drugs. In an effort to develop new antibacterial agents, a bicyclic twelve-membered heterocyclic nucleus derived from coumarin was prepared by an uncomplicated method. The rate of ring closure for this nucleus, which was given the name coumacine, in addition to two of its derivatives was monitored spectroscopically and this rate followed zero order kinetics. The chemical structures of the synthesized products were established by detecting their physicochemical properties and analyzing their IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The in vitro antibacterial activity of coumacines was evaluated via agar dilution method against different standard aerobic and anaerobic bacterial strains using ciprofloxacin and metronidazole as positive controls, respectively; the results indicated that coumacine I has an excellent broad spectrum antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains with percentage of growth inhibition approximating to those of positive controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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23
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Vijaya Bhargavi M, Shashikala P, Sumakanth M, Krishna C. Synthesis, Molecular Docking, Analgesic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of New 1,2,4-Oxadiazolo-Sulfonamides. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218040278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Brown DP, Saklani P, Luo J. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Sulfonamide-β-Lactam Conjugates. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Pooja Saklani
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
| | - Jiawei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, St. John's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; St. John's University; Queens New York 11439 USA
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25
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El-Sayed R, Alotaibi HH, Elhady HA. Synthesis, Surface Parameters, and Biodegradability of Water-soluble Surfactants for Various Applications. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:551-569. [PMID: 29710041 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of water-soluble heterocyclic compounds was verified on the basis of nonionic surfactants for use as surface-active agents. Surface characteristics such as surface and interfacial tensions, cloud point, wetting time, emulsion stability, foaming height and foaming stability were measured for these surface factors in aqueous solutions. In addition, the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the surface pressure at CMC (πcmc), the effectiveness of surface tension reduction (pC20), the maximum surface concentration (Γma.) and the minimum area/molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface (Amin) were calculated. Moreover, the biodegradability for these nonionic surfactants has been investigated. Furthermore, the antimicrobial evaluation has been evaluated with some surfactants that have demonstrated a potent cytotoxicity as antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. These surfactants have a good water solubility, low toxicity, environmentally friendly environment, high foam, good emulsifier and easy production that will be used them in various fields such as medical drugs, insecticides, detergents, emulsifiers, cosmetics, inks clothing, leather industry and oil recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University
| | - Hawazin H Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University
| | - Heba A Elhady
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girl's), Al-Azhar, University
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26
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Ali RS, Saad HA. Synthesis of Some Novel Fused Pyrimido[4″,5″:5',6']-[1,2,4]triazino[3',4':3,4] [1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indoles with Expected Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030693. [PMID: 29562697 PMCID: PMC6017869 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current goal is the synthesis of polyheterocyclic compounds starting from 3-amino-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole 1 and studying their anticancer activity to determine whether increasing of the size of the molecules increases the anticancer activity or not. 1-Amino[1,2,4]triazino[3′,4′:3,4]-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole-2-carbonitrile (4) was prepared by the diazotization of 3-amino[1,2,4]-triazino[5,6-b]indole 1 followed by coupling with malononitrile in basic medium then cyclization under reflux to get 4. Also, new fused pyrimido[4″,5″:5′,6′][1,2,4]triazino-[3′,4′:3,4][1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indole derivative 6 was prepared and used to obtain polycyclic heterocyclic systems. Confirmation of the synthesized compounds’ structures was carried out using elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR and mass spectra). The anticancer activity of some of the synthesized compounds was tested against HepG2, HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. The anticancer screening results showed that some derivatives display good activity which was more potent than that of the reference drug used. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between some of the synthesized compounds and the prostate cancer 2q7k hormone and breast cancer 3hb5 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania S Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Industrial Education, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt.
| | - Hosam A Saad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
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27
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Obafemi CA, Fadare OA, Jasinski JP, Millikan SP, Obuotor EM, Iwalewa EO, Famuyiwa SO, Sanusi K, Yilmaz Y, Ceylan Ü. Microwave-assisted synthesis, structural characterization, DFT studies, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of 2-methyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinazoline-2-carboxylic acid. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Shang D, Wu Y, Ding Y, Lu Z, Shen Y, Zhu F, Liu H, Zhu C, Tu Z. Identification of a pyridine derivative inducing senescence in ovarian cancer cell lines via P21 activation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:452-460. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Shang
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Ya Ding
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Yanting Shen
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Chunyin Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
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29
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An insight into the biological activities of heterocyclic–fatty acid hybrid molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:113-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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30
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Theoretical and experimental study of the reaction of 2-guanidinobenzimidazole on a series of meta-substituted benzaldehydes. Chem Res Chin Univ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-017-6476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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El-Sayed R, Almalki MHK. Synthesis of Five and Six-Membered Heterocycles Using Activated Nitriles for Industrial Applications. J Oleo Sci 2017; 66:925-938. [PMID: 28768958 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is a synthesis of new bioactive heterocyclic compounds incorporated fatty chain for use in different industrial applications. Cyanoacetamide derivative (2) was successfully transferred into five and six membered heterocyclic derivatives by the reaction with various chemical reagents. Addition number of moles of propylene oxide to these compounds gave nonionic surface-active agents having a good solubility, biodegradability and hence lowers the toxicity to human beings and becomes environmentally friendly. The antimicrobial and surface activities were investigated that showed the most of them have pronounced activity, which makes them suitable for diverse applications like the manufacturing of drugs, pesticides, emulsifiers, cosmetics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refat El-Sayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University
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32
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Steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines derived from dehydroepiandrosterone: A convenient synthesis, antiproliferation activity, structure-activity relationships, and role of heterocyclic moiety. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44439. [PMID: 28290501 PMCID: PMC5349525 DOI: 10.1038/srep44439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines derived from dehydroepiandrosterone were designed and prepared by a convenient heterocyclization reaction. The in vitro anticancer activities for these obtained compounds were evaluated against human cancer cell lines (HepG2, Huh-7, and SGC-7901), which demonstrated that some of these heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against all tested cell lines compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), especially, compound 3b exhibited high potential growth inhibitory activities against all tested cell lines with the IC50 values of 5.41 ± 1.34, 5.65 ± 1.02 and 10.64 ± 1.49 μM, respectively, which might be used as promising lead scaffold for discovery of novel anticancer agents.
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33
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Parekh NM, Mistry BM, Pandurangan M, Shinde SK, Patel RV. Investigation of anticancer potencies of newly generated Schiff base imidazolylphenylheterocyclic-2-ylmethylenethiazole-2-amines. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Vodnala N, Kaldhi D, Polina S, Putta VRK, Gupta R, Promily SP, Linthoinganbi R, Singh V, Malakar CC. Pd-catalyzed domino reactions of nitroaromatics: A surrogate access towards the saturated N-heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Khalil MA, Raslan MA, Sayed SM. Synthesis and Reactivity of 3‐oxoprop‐1‐en‐1‐olate Derivative as a Building Block for the Synthesis of Azole and Azine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAswan University 81528 Aswan Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Raslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAswan University 81528 Aswan Egypt
| | - Samia M. Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceAswan University 81528 Aswan Egypt
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36
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Ertan-Bolelli T, Yildiz İ, Ozgen-Ozgacar S. Synthesis, molecular docking and antimicrobial evaluation of novel benzoxazole derivatives. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Synthesis of 4H-thiazines. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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38
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El-Hashash MAEA, Azab ME, Faty RAEA, Amr AEGE. Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Some New Benzoxazinone and Quinazolinone Candidates. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 64:263-71. [PMID: 26699093 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazinones and quinazolinones have a wide spectrum of biological activity. In this paper we focused on studying the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of some newly synthesized benzoxazinone and quinazolinone derivatives. Thus we prepared 2-[α-benzoylaminostyryl]-6,8-dibromo-3,1-benzoxazin-4(H)-one 2 which underwent a reaction with primary and secondary amines, and hydrazine hydrate to give compounds 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Treatment of 2 with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, formamide and/or NaN3/AcOH afforded compounds 7, 8, 11 and 12, respectively. Also, compound 2 reacted with maleic anhydride, aromatic hydrocarbons and/or active methylene compounds to produce compounds 13, 15a-c and 16, respectively. Most of the newly synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities comparable to ampicillin, mycostatine and indomethacin positive controls.
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39
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Azab ME, Rizk SA, Amr AEGE. Synthesis of Some Novel Heterocyclic and Schiff Base Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2015; 20:18201-18. [PMID: 26457697 PMCID: PMC6332229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of 2,3-diaryloxirane-2,3-dicarbonitriles 1a-c with different nitrogen nucleophiles, e.g., hydrazine, methyl hydrazine, phenyl hydrazine, hydroxylamine, thiosemicarbazide, and/or 2-amino-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole, afforded pyrazole, isoxazole, pyrrolotriazine, imidazolothiadiazole derivatives 2-5, respectively. Reacting pyrazoles 2a-c with aromatic aldehydes and/or methyl glycinate produced Schiff's bases 7a-d and pyrazolo[3,4-b]-pyrazinone derivative 8, respectively. Treating 7 with ammonium acetate and/or hydrazine hydrate, furnished the imidazolopyrazole and pyrazolotriazine derivatives 9 and 10, respectively. Reaction of 8 with chloroacetic acid and/or diethyl malonate gave tricyclic compound 11 and triketone 12, respectively. On the other hand, compound 1 was reacted with active methylene precursors, e.g., acetylacetone and/or cyclopentanone producing adducts 14a,b which upon fusion with ammonium acetate furnished the 3-pyridone derivatives 15a,b, respectively. Some of newly synthesized compounds were screened for activity against bacterial and fungal strains and most of the newly synthesized compounds showed high antimicrobial activities. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using IR, ¹H-NMR, (13)C-NMR and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Azab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Sameh A Rizk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ain Shams, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Abd El-Galil E Amr
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Heterocyclic Anticancer Compounds: Recent Advances and the Paradigm Shift towards the Use of Nanomedicine's Tool Box. Molecules 2015; 20:16852-91. [PMID: 26389876 PMCID: PMC6331900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of heterocycle compounds and typically common heterocycle fragments present in most pharmaceuticals currently marketed, alongside with their intrinsic versatility and unique physicochemical properties, have poised them as true cornerstones of medicinal chemistry. Apart from the already marketed drugs, there are many other being investigated for their promising activity against several malignancies. In particular, anticancer research has been capitalizing on the intrinsic versatility and dynamic core scaffold of these compounds. Nevertheless, as for any other promising anticancer drugs, heterocyclic compounds do not come without shortcomings. In this review, we provide for a concise overview of heterocyclic active compounds and families and their main applications in medicine. We shall focus on those suitable for cancer therapy while simultaneously addressing main biochemical modes of action, biological targets, structure-activity relationships as well as intrinsic limitation issues in the use of these compounds. Finally, considering the advent of nanotechnology for effective selective targeting of drugs, we shall discuss fundamental aspects and considerations on nanovectorization of such compounds that may improve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of heterocycles.
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Khodairy A, Ali AM, El-Wassimy MT. 4-Toluenesulfonamide as a Building Block for Synthesis of Novel Triazepines, Pyrimidines, and Azoles. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Khodairy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sohag University; Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - Ali M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sohag University; Sohag 82524 Egypt
| | - M. T. El-Wassimy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Sohag University; Sohag 82524 Egypt
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Kowalska A, Latocha M, Pluta K. Synthesis and anticancer activity of thiosubstituted purines. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:3107-3116. [PMID: 26167104 PMCID: PMC4491105 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New thiopurines with the propargylthio, pyrrolidinobutynylthio, sulfenamide, and sulfonamide groups in the pyrimidine ring were synthesized. The anticancer activity of these compounds and previously obtained 2- or 6-substituted azathioprine analogs and dialkylaminoalkylthiopurines were tested in vitro against three cell lines: glioblastoma SNB-19, melanoma C-32, and human ductal breast epithelial tumor T47D. 2-Chloro-7-methyl-6-pyrrolidinobutynylthiopurine (5b) was the most potent compound against SBN-19 and C-32 cell lines with the activity similar to cisplatin (EC50 = 5.00 and 7.58 μg/ml, respectively). The dialkylaminoalkylthio derivatives (4b, 4c, 4e, and 4f) showed good activity against SBN-19 cell line (EC50 < 10 μg/ml). The azathioprine analogs (2a, 2b, and 3a) were more active than azathioprine against SBN-19 and C-32 cell lines. The sulfenamide and sulfonamide derivatives of purine were very weak active against tested cell lines. All studied thiopurines were less toxic than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Kowalska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Latocha
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Krystian Pluta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, The Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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Abdel-Motaal FF, Raslan MAE. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, pyrimidine sulfonamides and sulfinyl derivatives. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2014; 5:481-487. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.5.3.481-487.1054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Facile synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some new heterocyclic compounds incorporating a biologically active sulfamoyl moiety. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:165495. [PMID: 25215312 PMCID: PMC4156979 DOI: 10.1155/2014/165495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile and convenient synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds containing a sulfamoyl moiety suitable for use as antimicrobial agents was reported. The precursor 3-oxo-3-phenyl-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)propionamide was coupled smoothly with arenediazonium salt producing hydrazones which reacted with malononitrile or triethylorthoformate affording pyridazine and triazine derivatives, respectively. Also, the reactivity of the same precursor with DMF-DMA was followed by aminotriazole; aromatic aldehydes was followed by hydrazine hydrate, triethylorthoformate, or thiourea affording triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, pyrazole, acrylamide, and dihydropyrimidine derivatives, respectively. On the other hand, treatment of the precursor propionamide with phenyl isothiocyanate and KOH in DMF afforded the intermediate salt which was treated with dilute HCl followed by 2-bromo-1-phenylethanone affording carboxamide derivative. While the same intermediate salt reacted in situ with chloroacetone, ethyl 2-chloroacetate, 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, methyl iodide, or 2-oxo-N-phenylpropane hydrazonoyl chloride afforded the thiophene, ketene N,S-acetal, and thiadiazole derivatives, respectively. The structure of the new products was established based on elemental and spectral analysis. Antimicrobial evaluation of some selected examples from the synthesized products was carried out whereby four compounds were found to have moderate activities and one compound showed the highest activity.
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Darwish ES, Fattah AMA, Attaby FA, Al-Shayea ON. Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of some novel thiazole, pyridone, pyrazole, chromene, hydrazone derivatives bearing a biologically active sulfonamide moiety. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1237-54. [PMID: 24445259 PMCID: PMC3907866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed for the synthesis of new heterocyclic compounds incorporating sulfamoyl moiety suitable for use as antimicrobial agents via a versatile, readily accessible N-[4-(aminosulfonyl)phenyl]-2-cyanoacetamide (3). The 2-pyridone derivatives were obtained via reaction of cyanoacetamide with acetylacetone or arylidenes malononitrile. Cycloaddition reaction of cyanoacetamide with salicyaldehyde furnished chromene derivatives. Diazotization of 3 with the desired diazonium chloride gave the hydrazone derivatives 13a–e. Also, the reactivity of the hydrazone towards hydrazine hydrate to give Pyrazole derivatives was studied. In addition, treatment of 3 with elemental sulfur and phenyl isothiocyanate or malononitrile furnished thiazole and thiophene derivatives respectively. Reaction of 3 with phenyl isothiocyanate and KOH in DMF afforded the intermediate salt 17 which reacted in situ with 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-2H-chromen-2-one and methyl iodide afforded the thiazole and ketene N,S-acetal derivatives respectively. Finally, reaction of 3 with carbon disulfide and 1,3-dibromopropane afforded the N-[4-(aminosulfonyl) phenyl]-2-cyano-2-(1,3-dithian-2-ylidene)acetamide product 22. All newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by considering the data of both elemental and spectral analysis. The compounds were evaluated for both their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities and showed promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham S Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Abdel Fattah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Fawzy A Attaby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
| | - Oqba N Al-Shayea
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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M. Farag A, S. Darwish E, A. Atia K. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Isoxazole Based Heterocycles. HETEROCYCLES 2014. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Al-Mohammed NN, Alias Y, Abdullah Z, Shakir RM, Taha EM, Hamid AA. Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of some novel imidazole and benzimidazole sulfonamides. Molecules 2013; 18:11978-95. [PMID: 24077176 PMCID: PMC6270528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several new substituted sulfonamide compounds were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds were screened against standard strains of six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria using the microbroth dilution assay. Most of the compounds studied showed promising activities against both types of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassir N. Al-Mohammed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.A.); or (N.Al-M.); Tel.: +603-7967-5410 (Z.A. & N.Al-M); Fax: +603-7967-5427 (Z.A. & N.Al-M)
| | - Yatimah Alias
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zanariah Abdullah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Section for Co-curricular Courses, External Faculty Electives and TITAS (SKET), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.A.); or (N.Al-M.); Tel.: +603-7967-5410 (Z.A. & N.Al-M); Fax: +603-7967-5427 (Z.A. & N.Al-M)
| | - Raied M. Shakir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ekhlass M. Taha
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Aljadriya 10071, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aidil Abdul Hamid
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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