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Zhang J, Chai X, He XP, Kim HJ, Yoon J, Tian H. Fluorogenic probes for disease-relevant enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:683-722. [PMID: 30520895 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00907k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional biochemical methods for enzyme detection are mainly based on antibody-based immunoassays, which lack the ability to monitor the spatiotemporal distribution and, in particular, the in situ activity of enzymes in live cells and in vivo. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent progress that has been made in the development of small-molecule as well as material-based fluorogenic probes for sensitive detection of the activities of enzymes that are related to a number of human diseases. The principles utilized to design these probes as well as their applications are reviewed. Specific attention is given to fluorogenic probes that have been developed for analysis of the activities of enzymes including oxidases and reductases, those that act on biomacromolecules including DNAs, proteins/peptides/amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids, and those that are responsible for translational modifications. We envision that this review will serve as an ideal reference for practitioners as well as beginners in relevant research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
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Tokmina-Roszyk M, Fields GB. Dissecting MMP P 10' and P 11' subsite sequence preferences, utilizing a positional scanning, combinatorial triple-helical peptide library. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:16661-16676. [PMID: 30185620 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that remodel the extracellular matrix environment and mitigate outside-in signaling. Loss of regulation of MMP activity plays a role in numerous pathological states. In particular, aberrant collagenolysis affects tumor invasion and metastasis, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. To evaluate the collagen sequence preferences of MMPs, a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial library was synthesized herein and was used to investigate the P10' and P11' substrate subsites. The scaffold for the library was a triple-helical peptide mimic of the MMP cleavage site in types I-III collagen. A FRET-based enzyme activity assay was used to evaluate the sequence preferences of eight MMPs. Deconvolution of the library data revealed distinct motifs for several MMPs and discrimination among closely related MMPs. On the basis of the screening results, several individual peptides were designed and evaluated. A triple-helical substrate incorporating Asp-Lys in the P10'-P11' subsites offered selectivity between MMP-14 and MMP-15, whereas Asp-Lys or Trp-Lys in these subsites discriminated between MMP-2 and MMP-9. Future screening of additional subsite positions will enable the design of selective triple-helical MMP probes that could be used for monitoring in vivo enzyme activity and enzyme-facilitated drug delivery. Furthermore, selective substrates could serve as the basis for the design of specific triple-helical peptide inhibitors targeting only those MMPs that play a detrimental role in a disease of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Tokmina-Roszyk
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and
| | - Gregg B Fields
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida 33458 and .,the Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida 33458
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Hariono M, Yuliani SH, Istyastono EP, Riswanto FD, Adhipandito CF. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in wound healing of diabetic foot ulcer: Molecular target and structure-based drug design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wndm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Determining the Substrate Specificity of Matrix Metalloproteases using Fluorogenic Peptide Substrates. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 28299736 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6863-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
A continuous assay method, such as the one that utilizes an increase in fluorescence upon hydrolysis, allows for rapid and convenient kinetic evaluation of proteases. To better understand MMP behaviors toward native substrates, a variety of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)/intramolecular fluorescence energy transfer (IFET) triple-helical substrates have been constructed to examine the collagenolytic activity of MMP family members. Results of these studies have been valuable for providing insights into (a) the relative triple-helical peptidase activities of the various collagenolytic MMPs, (b) the collagen preferences of these MMPs, and (c) the relative roles of MMP domains and specific residues in efficient collagenolysis. The present chapter provides an overview of MMP FRET triple-helical substrates and describes how to construct and utilize these substrates.
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Hong J, Chen YF, Shen JJ, Ding Y. Noninvasive Detection and Imaging of Matrix Metalloproteinases for Cancer Diagnosis. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-017-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zheng N, Chen J, Liu W, Wang J, Liu J, Jia L. Metapristone (RU486 derivative) inhibits cell proliferation and migration as melanoma metastatic chemopreventive agent. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:339-349. [PMID: 28376402 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation and metastasis are the two well-known manifestations of melanoma. We hypothesized that metapristone, a potential cancer metastatic chemopreventive agent derived from mifepristone (RU486), had a dual function to fight cancer. In the present study, our findings clearly demonstrated that metapristone had modest cytostatic effect in melanoma cells. Metapristone inhibited cell viability and induced both early and late apoptosis in B16F10 and A375 cells in a time- and concentrate-dependent manner. Metapristone-treatment caused the cell arrest at the G0/G1 stage, and the inhibition of colony formation in B16F10 cells. Western blot analysis further revealed that metapristone treatment elicited a decline of Akt and ERK phosphorylation and Bcl-2, and facilitated expression of total P53 and Bax in A375 cells. In addition, cell migration and invasion were significantly suppressed by metapristone through down-regulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin and vimentin, whereas up-regulating E-cadherin expression. Notably, metapristone exhibited anti-metastatic activity in melanoma B16F10 cells in vivo. Our results reveal metapristone, having the dual function of anti-proliferation and anti-migration for melanoma cell lines, may be a useful chemopreventive agent to reduce the risk of melanoma cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiahang Chen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiqun Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jichuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lee Jia
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, and Biopharmaceutical Photocatalysis, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Nossier AI, Mohammed OS, Fakhr El-Deen RR, Zaghloul AS, Eissa S. Gelatin-modified gold nanoparticles for direct detection of urinary total gelatinase activity: Diagnostic value in bladder cancer. Talanta 2016; 161:511-519. [PMID: 27769440 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particularly gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) were reported as urinary markers of bladder cancer. In this work, we developed a simple colorimetric gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of urinary total gelatinase activity based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of AuNPs. Gelatin-modified AuNPs were stably suspended in solution even upon addition of an aggregation inducer as 6-mercaptohexan-1-ol (6-MCH). Gelatinases digest gelatin capping. Subsequently, addition of 6-MCH leads to AuNPs aggregation with red to blue color shift. In a pilot study, results of the developed AuNP assay were consistent with zymography for qualitative detection of urinary total gelatinase activity. The sensitivity and specificity of both assays were 80% and 90.9% respectively. The absorption ratios, A625/A530 of the reacted AuNP solutions were used to quantify the total gelatinase concentration. The best cut off value was 0.01895ng/μg protein, at which the sensitivity was 87.5% and the specificity was 86.4%. The developed AuNP assay is simple, low-cost and can aid non-invasive diagnosis of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Nossier
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | - Ola S Mohammed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University (girls), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha R Fakhr El-Deen
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th October City, Egypt
| | | | - Sanaa Eissa
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Chen YF, Hong J, Wu DY, Zhou YY, D'Ortenzio M, Ding Y, Xia XH. In vivo mapping and assay of matrix metalloproteases for liver tumor diagnosis. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26172d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent probe constructed by simultaneous modification of FITC-grafted peptide and thiolated mPEG on the surface of gold nanoparticles forin vivomapping and assay of matrix metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jin Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials
- School of Sciences
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Dong-Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | | | - Ya Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Ministry of Education
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
- China
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Fields GB, Stawikowski MJ. Imaging Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity Implicated in Breast Cancer Progression. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1406:303-29. [PMID: 26820965 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3444-7_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis has been cited as an important contributor to cancer initiation and progression. One can take advantage of tumor-associated proteases to selectively deliver imaging agents. Protease-activated imaging systems have been developed using substrates designed for hydrolysis by members of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. We presently describe approaches by which one can optically image matrix metalloproteinase activity implicated in breast cancer progression, with consideration of selective versus broad protease probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA. .,Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA.
| | - Maciej J Stawikowski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
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Hou C, Miao Y, Wang J, Wang X, Chen CY, Hu ZQ. Collagenase IV plays an important role in regulating hair cycle by inducing VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β expression. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5373-83. [PMID: 26451090 PMCID: PMC4590320 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been reported that collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2] and matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP-9]) are associated with hair cycle, whereas the mechanism of the association is largely unknown. Methods The mice were randomly allocated into four groups: saline, and 5, 10, and 15 nM SB-3CT. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to examine MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels of VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-β, and GAPDH. Growing hair follicles from anagen phase III–IV were scored based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hair regrowth was also evaluated. Results Results showed that mRNA expressions of enzymes changed with a peak at late anagen and a trough at telogen after depilation. Immunostaining showed that the highest expression of MMP-2 was more than that of MMP-9, and the highest expression of enzymes changed during anagen. The localizations of MMP-2 changed from dermal papilla, keratinocyte strand, out of root sheath, and basal plate at early anagen, to hair bulb, inner root sheath, and outer root sheath at late anagen. The localization of MMP-9 changed from partial keratinocyte to dermal papilla at early anagen and to outer root sheath at late anagen. VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β have been shown to regulate hair growth. We found mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and IGF-1 fluctuated with a peak at anagen and a decrease at catagen to telogen. In contrast, mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β changed with highest and lowest levels at anagen and telogen, respectively. With selective inhibitor of collagenase IV, SB-3CT, mice showed significant suppressed hair growth and decreased expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. The MMPs agonist also significantly increased expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. Meanwhile, SB-3CT treatment significantly suppressed hair growth. Conclusion All these data suggest that the type IV collagenases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in hair cycle, and this could be mediated by induced expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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