1
|
Heagerty A, Wales RA, Coleman K. Effects of Seasonality and Pregnancy on Hair Loss and Regrowth in Rhesus Macaques. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:747. [PMID: 38473132 PMCID: PMC10930718 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have examined the etiology of alopecia, or hair loss, in rhesus macaques. While outcomes differ across studies, some commonalities have emerged. Females, particularly pregnant females, show more alopecia than males, and alopecia follows a seasonal pattern. Much research has explored causes of hair loss; however, alopecia can result from lack of hair growth in addition to hair loss. To better understand how sex, reproductive state, and season affect alopecia, we followed 241 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in outdoor breeding groups over one year, recording both alopecia severity and presence of hair regrowth. We found that both alopecia and hair regrowth followed a seasonal pattern; alopecia was highest in spring and lowest in late summer, while regrowth started in spring and peaked in late summer. Reproductive state also correlated with both alopecia and hair growth. Females in their third trimester had the highest average level of alopecia and the lowest amount of hair regrowth. Regrowth resumed postpartum, regardless of whether females were rearing an infant. Results indicate that the seasonal pattern of alopecia is due in part to the seasonal limitations on hair regrowth, and that breeding, which also occurs seasonally in rhesus macaques, may further suppress hair regrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Heagerty
- Animal Resources & Research Support, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA (K.C.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang B, Li Y, Li J, Zhang B, Li J, Jiang H, Zhang Q. MiR-21 regulated hair follicle cycle development in Cashmere goats by targeting FGF18 and SMAD7. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4695-4702. [PMID: 36897050 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2186891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing Cashmere production can add value because it is the primary product of Cashmere goats. Recent years, peoples find miRNAs are crucial in regulating the development of hair follicle. Following Solexa sequencing, many miRNAs were distinguishingly expressed in telogen skin samples of goats and sheep in earlier study. But the method through which miR-21 controls the growth of hair follicles is still ambiguous. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target genes of miR-21. The mRNA level of miR-21 in telogen Cashmere goat skins was higher than in anagen, according to the results of qRT-PCR, and the target genes expressed similarly with miR-21. Western blot showed similar trend, the protein expression of FGF18 and SMAD7 were lower in anagen samples. The Dual-Luciferase reporter assay confirmed miRNA-21's relationship with its target gene, and the consequences indicated found FGF18 and SMAD7 have positive correlations with miR-21. Western blot and qRT-PCR distinguished the expression of protein and mRNA in miR-21 and its target genes. According to the consequence, we found that target genes expression was increased by miR-21 in HaCaT cells. This study identified that miR-21 might take part in the development of Cashmere goat's hair follicles by targeting FGF18 and SMAD7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ba Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yumei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China
| | - Baoyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - HuaiZhi Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - QiaoLing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun H, Meng K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yuan X, Li X. LncRNAs regulate the cyclic growth and development of hair follicles in Dorper sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1186294. [PMID: 37583467 PMCID: PMC10423938 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1186294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hair follicles in Dorper sheep are characterized by seasonal cyclic growth and development, consequently resulting in hair shedding during spring. The cyclic growth and development of hair follicles are regulated by several influencing factors such as photoperiods, hormones, age of the animal, genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and signaling pathways. Methods In the present study, skin samples of five shedding sheep (S), used as experimental animals, and three non-shedding sheep (N), used as controls, were collected at three time points (September 27, 2019; January 3, 2020; and March 17, 2020) for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. Nine different groups (S1-vs-S2, S1-vs-S3, S2-vs-S3, N1- vs-N2, N1-vs-N3, N2-vs-N3, S1-vs-N1, S2-vs-N2, and S3-vs-N3) were compared using FDR < 0.05 and log 21 FC >as thresholds to assess the differences in the expression of lncRNAs. Results and discussion In total, 395 differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were screened. Cluster heatmap analysis identified two types of expression patterns, namely, high expression during the anagen phase (A pattern) and high expression during the telogen phase (T pattern). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the target genes were largely enriched in the Estrogen signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which are associated with hair follicle cyclic growth and development-related pathways. In addition, 17 pairs of lncRNAs-target genes related to hair follicle cyclic growth and development were screened, and a regulatory network was constructed. Altogether, candidate lncRNAs and their regulated target genes were screened that contributed to sheep hair follicle cyclic growth and development. We believe these findings will provide useful insights into the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xinhai Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Natarelli N, Gahoonia N, Sivamani RK. Integrative and Mechanistic Approach to the Hair Growth Cycle and Hair Loss. J Clin Med 2023; 12. [PMID: 36769541 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair cycle is composed of four primary phases: anagen, catagen, telogen, and exogen. Anagen is a highly mitotic phase characterized by the production of a hair shaft from the hair follicle, whereas catagen and telogen describe regression and the resting phase of the follicle, respectively, ultimately resulting in hair shedding. While 9% of hair follicles reside in telogen at any time, a variety of factors promote anagen to telogen transition, including inflammation, hormones, stress, nutritional deficiency, poor sleep quality, and cellular division inhibiting medication. Conversely, increased blood flow, direct stimulation of the hair follicle, and growth factors promote telogen to anagen transition and subsequent hair growth. This review seeks to comprehensively describe the hair cycle, anagen and telogen balance, factors that promote anagen to telogen transition and vice versa, and the clinical utility of a variety of lab testing and evaluations. Ultimately, a variety of factors impact the hair cycle, necessitating a holistic approach to hair loss.
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsai J, Gori S, Alt J, Tiwari S, Iyer J, Talwar R, Hinsu D, Ahirwar K, Mohanty S, Khunt C, Sutariya B, Jani K, Venkatasubbaiah V, Patel A, Meghapara J, Joshi K, Sahu R, Rana V, Nigade P, Talluri RS, Murty KVSN, Joshi K, Ramanathan V, Li A, Islam N, Snajdr I, Majer P, Rais R, Slusher BS, Garza LA. Topical SCD-153, a 4-methyl itaconate prodrug, for the treatment of alopecia areata. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgac297. [PMID: 36712931 PMCID: PMC9832969 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alopecia areata is a chronic hair loss disorder that involves autoimmune disruption of hair follicles by CD8+ T cells. Most patients present with patchy hair loss on the scalp that improves spontaneously or with topical and intralesional steroids, topical minoxidil, or topical immunotherapy. However, recurrence of hair loss is common, and patients with extensive disease may require treatment with oral corticosteroids or oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, both of which may cause systemic toxicities with long-term use. Itaconate is an endogenous molecule synthesized in macrophages that exerts anti-inflammatory effects. To investigate the use of itaconate derivatives for treating alopecia areata, we designed a prodrug of 4-methyl itaconate (4-MI), termed SCD-153, with increased lipophilicity compared to 4-MI (CLogP 1.159 vs. 0.1442) to enhance skin and cell penetration. Topical SCD-153 formed 4-MI upon penetrating the stratum corneum in C57BL/6 mice and showed low systemic absorption. When added to human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or interferon (IFN)γ, SCD-153 significantly attenuated poly I:C-induced interleukin (IL)-6, Toll-like receptor 3, IL-1β, and IFNβ expression, as well as IFNγ-induced IL-6 expression. Topical application of SCD-153 to C57BL/6 mice in the resting (telogen) phase of the hair cycle induced significant hair growth that was statistically superior to vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide), the less cell-permeable itaconate analogues 4-MI and dimethyl itaconate, and the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib. Our results suggest that SCD-153 is a promising topical candidate for treating alopecia areata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sadakatali Gori
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jesse Alt
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sandhya Tiwari
- In Vitro Biology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Jitesh Iyer
- In Vitro Biology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Rashmi Talwar
- In Vitro Biology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Denish Hinsu
- Preclinical Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar 382355, India
| | - Swayam Mohanty
- Preclinical Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Chintan Khunt
- Preclinical Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Brijesh Sutariya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kaushal Jani
- Preclinical Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | | | - Ashok Patel
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Jasmin Meghapara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Kaushal Joshi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Rajanikanta Sahu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Vijay Rana
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Prashant Nigade
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli, 391770, India
| | - Ravi S Talluri
- Clinical Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Mahakali, Mumbai 400093, India
| | | | - Kiritkumar Joshi
- Medicinal Chemistry, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli 391770, India
| | - Vikram Ramanathan
- Translational Development, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company, Savli 391770, India
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nasif Islam
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ivan Snajdr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Prague 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Rana Rais
- To whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomas M, Ho N, Sibbald C. A Single Centre Retrospective Review of Nutritional Deficiencies Associated With Telogen Effluvium in the Paediatric Population in Canada. J Cutan Med Surg 2022; 26:420-421. [PMID: 35086345 DOI: 10.1177/12034754221074980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Thomas
- 7938 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nhung Ho
- 7938 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Section of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathryn Sibbald
- 7938 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Section of Dermatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cohen-Kurzrock RA, Cohen PR. Bariatric Surgery-Induced Telogen Effluvium (Bar SITE): Case Report and a Review of Hair Loss Following Weight Loss Surgery. Cureus 2021; 13:e14617. [PMID: 34055500 PMCID: PMC8144077 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery is a potential modality for the management of obesity. Bariatric patients may experience skin disorders and hair loss postoperatively. A 24-year-old woman with polycystic ovarian syndrome-associated obesity successfully underwent bariatric surgery. Within seven weeks after surgery, she developed diffuse and progressive hair loss, characteristic of telogen effluvium. Alopecia following bariatric surgery may be acute in onset, occurring within the first three months and often associated with telogen effluvium. In addition, bariatric surgery postoperative hair loss may be the result of nutritional deficiencies; in this setting, it is often chronic in onset, occurring six months after surgery. Also, hair loss in bariatric patients may be multifactorial in etiology. We introduced an acronym to facilitate the description of patients who experience bariatric surgery-induced telogen effluvium: Bar SITE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip R Cohen
- Dermatology, San Diego Family Dermatology, National City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suo L, VanBuren C, Hovland ED, Kedishvili NY, Sundberg JP, Everts HB. Dietary Vitamin A Impacts Refractory Telogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:571474. [PMID: 33614636 PMCID: PMC7892905 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.571474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles cycle through periods of growth (anagen), regression (catagen), rest (telogen), and release (exogen). Telogen is further divided into refractory and competent telogen based on expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and wingless-related MMTV integration site 7A (WNT7A). During refractory telogen hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) are inhibited. Retinoic acid synthesis proteins localized to the hair follicle and this localization pattern changed throughout the hair cycle. In addition, excess retinyl esters arrested hair follicles in telogen. The purpose of this study was to further define these hair cycle changes. BMP4 and WNT7A expression was also used to distinguish refractory from competent telogen in C57BL/6J mice fed different levels of retinyl esters from two previous studies. These two studies produced opposite results; and differed in the amount of retinyl esters the dams consumed and the age of the mice when the different diet began. There were a greater percentage of hair follicles in refractory telogen both when mice were bred on an unpurified diet containing copious levels of retinyl esters (study 1) and consumed excess levels of retinyl esters starting at 12 weeks of age, as well as when mice were bred on a purified diet containing adequate levels of retinyl esters (study 2) and remained on this diet at 6 weeks of age. WNT7A expression was consistent with these results. Next, the localization of vitamin A metabolism proteins in the two stages of telogen was examined. Keratin 6 (KRT6) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2) localized almost exclusively to refractory telogen hair follicles in study 1. However, KRT6 and CRABP2 localized to both competent and refractory telogen hair follicles in mice fed adequate and high levels of retinyl esters in study 2. In mice bred and fed an unpurified diet retinol dehydrogenase SDR16C5, retinal dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH1A2), and cytochrome p450 26B1 (CYP26B1), enzymes and proteins involved in RA metabolism, localized to BMP4 positive refractory telogen hair follicles. This suggests that vitamin A may contribute to the inhibition of HFSC during refractory telogen in a dose dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liye Suo
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christine VanBuren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Eylul Damla Hovland
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Y Kedishvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Helen B Everts
- Department of Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joost S, Annusver K, Jacob T, Sun X, Dalessandri T, Sivan U, Sequeira I, Sandberg R, Kasper M. The Molecular Anatomy of Mouse Skin during Hair Growth and Rest. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:441-457.e7. [PMID: 32109378 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Skin homeostasis is orchestrated by dozens of cell types that together direct stem cell renewal, lineage commitment, and differentiation. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and single-molecule RNA FISH to provide a systematic molecular atlas of full-thickness skin, determining gene expression profiles and spatial locations that define 56 cell types and states during hair growth and rest. These findings reveal how the outer root sheath (ORS) and inner hair follicle layers coordinate hair production. We found that the ORS is composed of two intermingling but transcriptionally distinct cell types with differing capacities for interactions with stromal cell types. Inner layer cells branch from transcriptionally uncommitted progenitors, and each lineage differentiation passes through an intermediate state. We also provide an online tool to explore this comprehensive skin cell atlas, including epithelial and stromal cells such as fibroblasts, vascular, and immune cells, to spur further discoveries in skin biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Joost
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tina Jacob
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Unnikrishnan Sivan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rickard Sandberg
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the mammalian hair cycle will lead to novel therapies and strategies to combat all forms of alopecia. Thus, in addition to the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the hair follicle, niche and microenvironmental signals that accompany the phases of growth, regression and rest need to be scrutinized. Immune cells are well described in skin homeostasis and wound healing and have recently been shown to play an important role in the mammalian hair cycle. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of the role of immune cells in hair cycle control and discuss their relevance to human hair cycling disorders. Increased attention to this aspect of the hair cycle will provide new avenues to manipulate hair regeneration in humans and provide better insight into developing better ex vivo models of hair growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne C E Wang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aleksandrova VY, Bogatyreva EA, Kuklev MY, Lapenkov MI, Plakhina NV. [The aspects of a molecular-genetic study of human hair depending on their morphological characteristics. II. The peculiarities of genotyping]. Sud Med Ekspert 2019; 62:22-25. [PMID: 31213587 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20196202122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to optimize genotyping of nuclear DNA contained in human hair. The most efficient procedures for DNA isolation and typing are described taking into consideration the hair growth phase, the epithelial tissue conditions, and the number of nuclei in the near-root ends of the hair. The recommendations for the expert interpretation of the results of the molecular-genetic investigations are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Aleksandrova
- Institute of Criminal Law, the Centre of Special Techniques, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - E A Bogatyreva
- Institute of Criminal Law, the Centre of Special Techniques, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - M Yu Kuklev
- Institute of Criminal Law, the Centre of Special Techniques, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - M I Lapenkov
- Institute of Criminal Law, the Centre of Special Techniques, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - N V Plakhina
- Institute of Criminal Law, the Centre of Special Techniques, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The secondary hair germ (SHG)-a transitory structure in the lower portion of the mouse telogen hair follicle (HF)-is directly involved in anagen induction and eventual HF regrowth. Some crucial aspects of SHG functioning and ontogenetic relations with other HF parts, however, remain undefined. According to recent evidence (in contrast to previous bulge-centric views), the SHG is the primary target of anagen-inducing signalling and a source of both the outer root sheath (ORS) and ascending HF layers during the initial (morphogenetic) anagen subphase. The SHG is comprised of two functionally distinct cell populations. Its lower portion (originating from lower HF cells that survived catagen) forms all ascending HF layers, while the upper SHG (formed by bulge-derived cells) builds up the ORS. The predetermination of SHG cells to a specific morphogenetic fate contradicts their attribution to the "stem cell" category and supports SHG designation as a "germinative" or a "founder" cell population. The mechanisms of this predetermination driving transition of the SHG from "refractory" to the "competent" state during the telogen remain unknown. Functionally, the SHG serves as a barrier, protecting the quiescent bulge stem cell niche from the extensive follicular papilla/SHG signalling milieu. The formation of the SHG is a prerequisite for efficient "precommitment" of these cells and provides for easier sensing and a faster response to anagen-inducing signals. In general, the formation of the SHG is an evolutionary adaptation, which allowed the ancestors of modern Muridae to acquire a specific, highly synchronized pattern of hair cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Panteleyev
- Kurchatov complex of NBICS Technologies, National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Aleksandrova VY, Bogatyreva EA, Kuklev MY, Lapenkov MI, Plakhina NV. [The aspects of the molecular-genetic investigations of human hair depending on its morphological characteristics. I. Prognostic screening]. Sud Med Ekspert 2019; 62:13-16. [PMID: 30724887 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed20196201113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present work was to develop the method for the selection of hairs suitable for the molecular-genetic investigation of nuclear DNA. It was proposed to distinguish between five groups of hair depending on its growth phase, the presence or absence of epithelial tissues at the root terminus. An algorithm was developed for carrying out prognostic screening including the morphological and cytomorphological investigations the results of which can be used to evaluate the possibility for further genotyping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Yu Aleksandrova
- Institute of Criminal Science, Centre of Special Technologies, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - E A Bogatyreva
- Institute of Criminal Science, Centre of Special Technologies, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - M Yu Kuklev
- Institute of Criminal Science, Centre of Special Technologies, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - M I Lapenkov
- Institute of Criminal Science, Centre of Special Technologies, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| | - N V Plakhina
- Institute of Criminal Science, Centre of Special Technologies, Federal Security Service of the Russia, Moscow, Russia, 101000
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahmed B, Gritli S. Telogen hair loss and androgenetic-like alopecia in GAPO syndrome. Australas J Dermatol 2018; 60:e142-e144. [PMID: 30255493 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth retardation, Alopecia, Pseudoanodontia and Optic atrophy (GAPO) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition whose cardinal features include a recognizable craniofacial dysmorphosis, growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia, and premature aging. We report on a 2-year-old Pakistani man affected with GAPO syndrome who additionally shows an androgenetic-like alopecia with normal testosterone levels and telogen hair loss. These are novel findings in GAPO syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burhan Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatological Surgery, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sami Gritli
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maekawa M, Ohnishi T, Balan S, Hisano Y, Nozaki Y, Ohba H, Toyoshima M, Shimamoto C, Tabata C, Wada Y, Yoshikawa T. Thiosulfate promotes hair growth in mouse model. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:114-122. [PMID: 30200826 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1518705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the hair growth-promoting effects of sodium thiosulfate (STS), a widely used compound, in mice. STS accelerated hair growth in the "telogen model", suggesting that it stimulates telogen hair follicles to reenter the anagen phase of hair growth. In the same model, STS potentiated hair growth in an additive manner with minoxidil (MXD), a drug used for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. Furthermore, in the "anagen model", STS promoted hair growth, probably by promoting hair follicle proliferation. Since STS elevated the skin surface temperature, its hair growth-promoting activity may be partly due to vasorelaxation, similar to MXD. In addition, STS is known to generate a gaseous mediator, H2S, which has vasorelaxation and anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidative stress activities. Therefore, STS and/or provisionally its metabolite, H2S, may aid the hair growth process. Collectively, these results suggest that salts of thiosulfate may represent a novel and beneficial remedy for hair loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Maekawa
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohnishi
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Shabeesh Balan
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yasuko Hisano
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Yayoi Nozaki
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Hisako Ohba
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Manabu Toyoshima
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Chie Shimamoto
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| | - Chinatsu Tabata
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan.,b Department of Biological Sciences , Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuina Wada
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan.,b Department of Biological Sciences , Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- a Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry , RIKEN Center for Brain Science , Saitama , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li J, Qu H, Jiang H, Zhao Z, Zhang Q. Transcriptome-Wide Comparative Analysis of microRNA Profiles in the Telogen Skins of Liaoning Cashmere Goats (Capra hircus) and Fine-Wool Sheep (Ovis aries) by Solexa Deep Sequencing. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:696-705. [PMID: 27754706 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Compare the microRNA (miRNA) trancriptomes of goat and sheep skin using Solexa sequencing to understand the development of skin and hair follicles (HFs). miRNA expression patterns vary in the two small RNA libraries from goat (G library) and sheep (S library) telogen skin samples. Analysis of the size distribution of 25.32 million clean reads revealed that most are 21-23 nucleotides. A total of 1910 known miRNAs and 2261 novel mature miRNAs were identified in this study. Among them, 107 novel miRNAs and 1246 known miRNAs were differentially expressed in the two libraries; 10 of the known miRNAs were identified using stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, GO and KEGG pathway analysis of predicted miRNA targets illustrated the roles of these differentially expressed miRNAs in telogen HF development and growth. This study provides important information about the role of miRNAs in the regulation of HF development and their function in the telogen phase. This observation may help future investigations of the regulation of miRNAs during wool quality improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Li
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China .,2 Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Henan, Zhengzhou, China
| | - HaiE Qu
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huaizhi Jiang
- 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- 4 College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geyfman M, Plikus MV, Treffeisen E, Andersen B, Paus R. Resting no more: re-defining telogen, the maintenance stage of the hair growth cycle. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 90:1179-96. [PMID: 25410793 PMCID: PMC4437968 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) represents a prototypic ectodermal-mesodermal interaction system in which central questions of modern biology can be studied. A unique feature of these stem-cell-rich mini-organs is that they undergo life-long, cyclic transformations between stages of active regeneration (anagen), apoptotic involution (catagen), and relative proliferative quiescence (telogen). Due to the low proliferation rate and small size of the HF during telogen, this stage was conventionally thought of as a stage of dormancy. However, multiple lines of newly emerging evidence show that HFs during telogen are anything but dormant. Here, we emphasize that telogen is a highly energy-efficient default state of the mammalian coat, whose function centres around maintenance of the hair fibre and prompt responses to its loss. While actively retaining hair fibres with minimal energy expenditure, telogen HFs can launch a new regeneration cycle in response to a variety of stimuli originating in their autonomous micro-environment (including its stem cell niche) as well as in their external tissue macro-environment. Regenerative responses of telogen HFs change as a function of time and can be divided into two sub-stages: early 'refractory' and late 'competent' telogen. These changing activities are reflected in hundreds of dynamically regulated genes in telogen skin, possibly aimed at establishing a fast response-signalling environment to trauma and other disturbances of skin homeostasis. Furthermore, telogen is an interpreter of circadian output in the timing of anagen initiation and the key stage during which the subsequent organ regeneration (anagen) is actively prepared by suppressing molecular brakes on hair growth while activating pro-regenerative signals. Thus, telogen may serve as an excellent model system for dissecting signalling and cellular interactions that precede the active 'regenerative mode' of tissue remodeling. This revised understanding of telogen biology also points to intriguing new therapeutic avenues in the management of common human hair growth disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Geyfman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Elsa Treffeisen
- Department of Dermatology, Kligman Labouratories, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, and Dermatology Centre, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hou C, Miao Y, Wang J, Wang X, Chen CY, Hu ZQ. Collagenase IV plays an important role in regulating hair cycle by inducing VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β expression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5373-83. [PMID: 26451090 PMCID: PMC4590320 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been reported that collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP-2] and matrix metalloproteinase 9 [MMP-9]) are associated with hair cycle, whereas the mechanism of the association is largely unknown. Methods The mice were randomly allocated into four groups: saline, and 5, 10, and 15 nM SB-3CT. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to examine MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels of VEGF, IGF-1, TGF-β, and GAPDH. Growing hair follicles from anagen phase III–IV were scored based on hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hair regrowth was also evaluated. Results Results showed that mRNA expressions of enzymes changed with a peak at late anagen and a trough at telogen after depilation. Immunostaining showed that the highest expression of MMP-2 was more than that of MMP-9, and the highest expression of enzymes changed during anagen. The localizations of MMP-2 changed from dermal papilla, keratinocyte strand, out of root sheath, and basal plate at early anagen, to hair bulb, inner root sheath, and outer root sheath at late anagen. The localization of MMP-9 changed from partial keratinocyte to dermal papilla at early anagen and to outer root sheath at late anagen. VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β have been shown to regulate hair growth. We found mRNA and protein expressions of VEGF and IGF-1 fluctuated with a peak at anagen and a decrease at catagen to telogen. In contrast, mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β changed with highest and lowest levels at anagen and telogen, respectively. With selective inhibitor of collagenase IV, SB-3CT, mice showed significant suppressed hair growth and decreased expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. The MMPs agonist also significantly increased expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. Meanwhile, SB-3CT treatment significantly suppressed hair growth. Conclusion All these data suggest that the type IV collagenases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, play important roles in hair cycle, and this could be mediated by induced expression of VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Miao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yue Chen
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qi Hu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
In the postgenomic era, systems biology has rapidly emerged as an exciting field predicted to enhance the molecular understanding of complex biological systems by the use of quantitative experimental and mathematical approaches. Systems biology studies how the components of a biological system (e.g. genes, transcripts, proteins, metabolites) interact to bring about defined biological function or dysfunction. Living systems may be divided into five dimensions of complexity: (i) molecular; (ii) structural; (iii) temporal; (iv) abstraction and emergence; and (v) algorithmic. Understanding the details of these dimensions in living systems is the challenge that systems biology aims to address. Here, we argue that the hair follicle (HF), one of the signature features of mammals, is a perfect and clinically relevant model for systems biology research. The HF represents a stem cell-rich, essentially autonomous mini-organ, whose cyclic transformations follow a hypothetical intrafollicular "hair cycle clock" (HCC). This prototypic neuroectodermal-mesodermal interaction system, at the cross-roads of systems and chronobiology, encompasses various levels of complexity as it is subject to both intrafollicular and extrafollicular inputs (e.g. intracutaneous timing mechanisms with neural and systemic stimuli). Exploring how the cycling HF addresses the five dimensions of living systems, we argue that a systems biology approach to the study of hair growth and cycling, in man and mice, has great translational medicine potential. Namely, the easily accessible human HF invites preclinical and clinical testing of novel hypotheses generated with this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusur Al-Nuaimi
- Doctoral Training Centre in Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Epithelial Sciences, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerold Baier
- Doctoral Training Centre in Integrative Systems Biology, Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Epithelial Sciences, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ralf Paus
- Epithelial Sciences, School of Translational Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Introduction: The use of body donor hair for transplanting to the bald scalp is termed body hair transplant. In recent times, robust body hair has been used as an adjunct to scalp donor hair to augment the donor hair supply. A large percentage of body hair are in telogen and, as single hair units. Aims: To devise a non invasive protocol to identify the body donor hair in anagen phase prior to extraction. Materials and Methods: Hairs are shaved flush with the skin, four days prior to extraction. On fourth day, the actively growing hair follicles as well as non growing hairs were extracted and phase of hair growth determined. Results: Nineteen out 22 extracted hair follicles in nongrowing phase were found to be the telogen phase. Conclusion: Preshaving the body donor areas is a simple non invasive method of isolating the hair in anagen phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Poswal
- Dr. A's Clinic, A-9, 1 Floor, Chitranjan Park, New Delhi - 110 019, India.
| |
Collapse
|