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Sangkaew W, Sianglum W, Wunnoo S, Voravuthikunchai SP, Joycharat N. Bioactive substance contents and therapeutic potential for skin inflammation of an herbal gel containing Derris reticulata and Glycyrrhiza glabra. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2024; 62:648-658. [PMID: 39150231 PMCID: PMC11332287 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2024.2385456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Derris reticulata Craib. and Glycyrrhiza glabra L., of the Fabaceae, have been used as active components in Thai herbal formulas for the treatment of fever and skin diseases. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the developed herbal gel formulation containing the combined extract from D. reticulata stem wood and G. glabra root (RGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS The potential of the herbal gel formulation containing RGF (8% w/w) as the active ingredient was studied by evaluating the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-Staphylococcus aureus activities using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, spectrophotometric method, and broth microdilution technique, respectively. The reference standards for the biological testing included Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), ascorbic acid, catechin, and penicillin G. The stability study of the RGF herbal gel was performed by a heating-cooling test (at 45 °C for 24 h and at 4 °C for 24 h/1 cycle; for 6 cycles), and the bioactive marker compounds in the herbal gel were investigated by the HPLC technique. RESULTS RGF showed promising pharmacological effects, particularly on its anti-inflammatory property (IC50 73.86 µg/mL), compared to L-NA (IC50 47.10 µg/mL). The RGF-containing gel demonstrated anti-inflammatory (IC50 3.59 mg/mL) and free radical scavenging effects (IC50 0.05-4.39 mg/mL), whereas it had no anti-S. aureus activity (MIC > 10 mg/mL). The active ingredient in the developed herbal gel significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by downregulating iNOS mRNA levels. The contents of the bioactive markers in the RGF gel (lupinifolin and glabridin) did not change significantly after stability testing. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The RGF-containing gel has potential to be further developed as an herbal product for the treatment of skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warissara Sangkaew
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wipawadee Sianglum
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Suttiwan Wunnoo
- Center of Antimicrobial Biomaterial Innovation-Southeast Asia, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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El-Gendy HF, El-Bahrawy A, Mansour DA, Sheraiba NI, Abdel-Megeid NS, Selim S, Alhotan RA, Ayyoub A, El Hanbally S. Unraveling the Potential of Saccharum officinarum and Chlorella vulgaris towards 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:885. [PMID: 39065736 PMCID: PMC11279568 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is often used as a chemotherapeutic agent in treating tumors and is said to have adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Chlorella vulgaris (VL) and Saccharum officinarum L. (SOL) against 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the measurement of renal histology, kidney damage indicators, and antioxidant measures. A total of forty-eight male rats were allotted into six groups: group 1 acted as a control negative group (control), group 2 received 5-FU and worked as a control positive group (FU), group 3 received SOL 15 mL/kg (SOL), group 4 received VL 400 mg/kg (VL), group 5 received 5-FU+SOL (5-FU+SOL), and group 6 received 5-FU+VL (5-FU+VL). After fifteen days, blood and renal tissue specimens were collected for hematological, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Findings of the current investigation showed that 5-FU leads to hematological alterations and kidney injury evinced by elevated serum concentrations of uric acid, creatinine, and urea (p < 0.01), and a marked increase in kidney MDA and NO levels with a reduction in kidney CAT, SOD and GSH activities (p < 0.05). Alterations of the histopathological structure of kidney tissue in the FU group were noticed compared to the other groups. 5-FU administration elevated expression levels of TNF-α, lipocalin 2, and KIM1 (p < 0.01) compared to the control ones. 5-FU-induced nephrotoxicity was ameliorated after treatment with SOL and VL via their free radical scavenging, potent antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the treatment with SOL and VL significantly improved nephrotoxicity induced by 5-FU in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanem F. El-Gendy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Amanallah El-Bahrawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Mansour
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Nagwa I. Sheraiba
- Department of Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Nazema S. Abdel-Megeid
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Selim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El-Kom 32514, Egypt
| | - Rashed A. Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anam Ayyoub
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling District, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Saber El Hanbally
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
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El-Shamarka MEA, Aboulthana WM, Omar NI, Mahfouz MM. Evaluation of the biological efficiency of Terminalia chebula fruit extract against neurochemical changes induced in brain of diabetic rats: an epigenetic study. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1439-1460. [PMID: 38329710 PMCID: PMC11006788 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01428-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and progressive metabolic disorder that can stimulate neuroinflammation and increase oxidative stress in the brain. Therefore, the present study was aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanolic Terminalia chebula extract against the neurochemical and histopathological changes induced in the brains of diabetic rats. The study clarified the reduction in oxidative stress induced in the brains of diabetic rats by the significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in levels of the antioxidants with decreasing the peroxidation products via ethanolic T. chebula extract at both doses (400 and 600 mg/kg). Moreover, T. chebula extract improved the brain integrity by lowering levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β-amyloid (Aβ) content, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and acetylcholine esterase (ACHE) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in a dose dependent manner compared to brain of diabetic rats. Severe nuclear pyknosis and degeneration were noticed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum in brains of diabetic rats. The severity of these alterations decreased with T. chebula extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg compared to the other treated groups. The different electrophoretic protein and isoenzyme assays revealed that the lowest similarity index (SI%) values exist in the brains of diabetic rats compared to the control group. The quantity of the most native proteins and isoenzyme types increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the brains of diabetic rats, and these electrophoretic variations were completely diminished by T. chebula extract. The study concluded that T. chebula extract ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological and electrophoretic abnormalities induced in the brains of diabetic rats when administered at a dose of 600 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa E A El-Shamarka
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wael Mahmoud Aboulthana
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Nagwa Ibrahim Omar
- Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. (Former El Tahrir St.), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Mahfouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibīn Al-Kawm, Egypt
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Hewawansa UHAJ, Houghton MJ, Barber E, Costa RJS, Kitchen B, Williamson G. Flavonoids and phenolic acids from sugarcane: Distribution in the plant, changes during processing, and potential benefits to industry and health. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13307. [PMID: 38369931 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) plants are grown in warmer climates throughout the world and processed to produce sugar as well as other useful byproducts such as molasses and bagasse. Sugarcane is rich in (poly)phenols, but there has been no attempt to critically evaluate the published information based on the use of suitable methodologies. The objective of this review is to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative (poly)phenolic profiles of individual parts of the sugarcane plant and its multiple industrial products, which will help develop new processes and uses for sugarcane (poly)phenols. The quantitative analysis involves the examination of extraction, concentration, and analytical techniques used in each study for each plant part and product. The qualitative analysis indicates the identification of various (poly)phenols throughout the sugarcane processing chain, using only compounds elucidated through robust analytical methodologies such as mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. In conclusion, sugarcane (poly)phenols are predominantly flavonoids and phenolic acids. The main flavonoids, derivatives of apigenin, luteolin, and tricin, with a substantial proportion of C-glycosides, are consistently found across all phases of sugarcane processing. The principal phenolic acids reported throughout the process include chlorogenic acids, as well as ferulic and caffeic acids mostly observed after hydrolysis. The derivation of precise quantitative information across publications is impeded by inconsistencies in analytical methodologies. The presence of multiple (poly)phenols with potential benefits for industrial applications and for health suggests sugarcane could be a useful provider of valuable compounds for future use in research and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulluwis H A J Hewawansa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Houghton
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Barber
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ricardo J S Costa
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Kitchen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, BASE Facility, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Victorian Heart Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Oliveira ALS, Carvalho MJ, Silva P, Pintado M, Madureira AR. Unraveling Biotic and Abiotic Factors Shaping Sugarcane Straw Polyphenolic Richness: A Gateway to Artificial Intelligence-Driven Crop Management. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 38247472 PMCID: PMC10812450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane straw (Saccharum officinarum) is a valuable coproduct renowned for its abundant polyphenolic content. However, extracting these polyphenols for natural ingredients faces challenges due to their inherent variability, influenced by biotic stress factors and plant characteristics. We explored the impact of five crucial factors on sugarcane straw polyphenolic diversity: (i) production area (Guariba, Valparaíso), (ii) borer insect (Diatraea saccharalis) infestation, (iii) plant age (first to seventh harvest), (iv) harvest season, and (v) plant variety. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were used to optimize polyphenol extraction conditions. A second-order polynomial model guided us to predict ideal sugarcane straw harvesting conditions for polyphenol-rich extracts. The analysis identified CU0618-variety straw, harvested in Guariba during the dry season (October 2020), at the seventh harvest stage, with 13.81% borer insect infection, as the prime source for high hydroxybenzoic acid (1010 µg/g), hydroxycinnamic acid (3119 µg/g), and flavone (573 µg/g) content and consequently high antioxidant capacity. The ANN model surpasses the RSM model, demonstrating superior predictive capabilities with higher coefficients of determination and reduced mean absolute deviations for each polyphenol class. This underscores the potential of artificial neural networks in forecasting and enhancing polyphenol extraction conditions, setting the stage for AI-driven advancements in crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. S. Oliveira
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.); (P.S.); (M.P.); (A.R.M.)
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Li X, Li R, Wang X, Zhang X, Xiao Z, Wang H, Sun W, Yang H, Yu P, Hu Q, Guo Q, Sun H. Effects and mechanism of action of Chrysanthemum morifolium (Jinsi Huangju) on hyperlipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115391. [PMID: 37099836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
As a popular healthy tea beverage, Jinsi Huangju has been consumed in China for hundreds of years. However, its active ingredients which dissolved in hot water have not been fully determined. In this study, 14 compounds were identified by different spectroscopic techniques, including 11 compounds identified in this plant for the first time. For in-depth studies, apigenin-7-O-6″-malonylglucoside (8) and luteolin-7-O-6″-malonylglucoside (9) were synthesized for the first time by 5 steps in 1.2% overall yields. Further analyses of the natural compounds showed that 8 could inhibit pancreatic lipase, reduce cellular lipid contents, and attenuate insulin resistance in vitro. Furthermore, 8 restore lipid and inflammatory profiles in the plasma and liver (TG, TC, ALT, AST, LDL-C, HDL-C, MPO, and IL-6) and attenuated hepatic steatosis in NAFLD mouse models. In conclusion, Jinsi Huangju and its active ingredients are candidates for developing drug, functional foods and therapeutic strategies for hyperlipidaemia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Rongxia Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xinying Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Xiao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Qing Hu
- Jiangsu Lingyuan Yi'an Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, 221431, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qinghui Guo
- Tianjin Powersource Beverage Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300272, PR China
| | - Hua Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, PR China.
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Molina-Cortés A, Quimbaya M, Toro-Gomez A, Tobar-Tosse F. Bioactive compounds as an alternative for the sugarcane industry: Towards an integrative approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13276. [PMID: 36816322 PMCID: PMC9932480 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a comprehensive review of sugarcane industrialization and its relationship with bioactive compounds (BCs) detected in various products and by-products generated during its processing is presented. Furthermore, it is discussed how these compounds have revealed important antioxidant, antineoplastic, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities. From this bibliographic research highlights the significance of two types of BCs of natural origin (phenolic compounds (PCs) and terpenoids) and a group of compounds synthesized during industrial transformation processes (Maillard reaction products (MRPs)). It was found that most of the studies about the BCs from sugarcane have been conducted by identifying, isolating, and analyzing ones or a few compounds at a specific period, this being a conventional approach. However, given the complexity of the synthesis processes of all these BCs and the biological activities they can manifest in a specific biological context, novel approaches are needed to address these analyses holistically. To overcome this challenge, integrating massive and multiscale methods, such as omics sciences, seems necessary to enrich these studies. This work is intended to contribute to the state of the art that could support future research about the exploration, characterization, or evaluation of different bioactive molecules from sugarcane and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Molina-Cortés
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias - Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Quimbaya
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias - Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia,Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias - Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
| | - Angie Toro-Gomez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y de la Educación - Maestría en Bioingeniería, Universidad del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Fabian Tobar-Tosse
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias - Doctorado en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia,Corresponding author. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia.
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Study on the anti-hyperuricemic bioactivity and chemical components of Sterculiae lychnophorae Semen. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Okokon JE, Mobley R, Edem UA, Bassey AI, Fadayomi I, Drijfhout F, Horrocks P, Li WW. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity and chemical profiling of sugarcane leaves. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10250. [PMID: 35715548 PMCID: PMC9205285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharum officinarum Linn. (sugarcane, Family-Poaceae) is employed in Ibibio traditional medicine for the treatment of various infections and diseases such as malaria. We This study aims to assess the antiplasmodial effect of the leaf extract and fractions on human malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) in vitro, and rodent malaria parasite (P. berghei) in vivo, and analyse the bioactive components of the active fraction(s). The leaf extract and fractions of S. officinarum were prepared and their growth inhibitory effects tested against the chloroquine resistant P. falciparum strain (Dd2) and P. berghei infection in mice. An acute toxicity of the extract was determined. A combination of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was applied for metabolites profiling of crude extract and active fractions. The leaf extract and fractions demonstrated moderate activity against P. falciparum with the dichloromethane fraction producing the most potent activity (EC50 = 15.4 µg/mL). The leaf extract (170-510 mg/kg, p.o., LD50 = 1732 mg/kg) and fractions demonstrated significant (p < 0.05-0.001) effect on P. berghei infection in prophylactic tests as well as in established infection with n-butanol fractions producing the highest effect. An unusual sulphur-containing compound, dilaurylthiodipropionate, fatty acids, phenolic acids, flavonoid and flavonoid glycoside were identified in the active fractions. These results give credence to the use of sugarcane leaves as malarial remedy locally by confirming the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial potential of leaf extract/fractions of S. officinarum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude E Okokon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria.
| | - Rebecca Mobley
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Utibe A Edem
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Augustine I Bassey
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Idowu Fadayomi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK
| | - Falko Drijfhout
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Paul Horrocks
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Wen-Wu Li
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, ST4 7QB, UK.
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Ferysiuk K, Wójciak KM, Trząskowska M. Fortification of low‐nitrite canned pork with willow herb (
Epilobium angustifolium
L.). Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferysiuk
- Department of Animal Food Technology Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Street 20‐704 Lublin Poland
| | - Karolina M. Wójciak
- Department of Animal Food Technology Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology University of Life Sciences in Lublin Skromna 8 Street 20‐704 Lublin Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene Chair of Food Hygiene and Quality Management Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW Nowoursynowska 159c 02‐776 Warsaw Poland
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12
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Velázquez-Martínez V, Valles-Rosales D, Rodríguez-Uribe L, Laguna-Camacho JR, López-Calderón HD, Delgado E. Effect of Different Extraction Methods and Geographical Origins on the Total Phenolic Yield, Composition, and Antimicrobial Activity of Sugarcane Bagasse Extracts. Front Nutr 2022; 9:834557. [PMID: 35284462 PMCID: PMC8908448 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.834557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several parameters, including particle size, solvent, temperature, and extraction method, affect phenolic compounds' extraction yield from a plant matrix. Considering the wide availability of sugarcane bagasse (SCB), this study analyzed the effect of different extraction methods and geographical origins on the yield, quality, and antimicrobial activity of phenolic compounds from SCB extracts. Samples from three geographical locations (Veracruz, Mexico; Santa Rosa, Texas, USA; and St. Mary, Louisiana, USA) were analyzed. Extraction was performed using an orbital shaker or ultrasonic bath at various times at a fixed temperature of 50°C, with 90% ethanol or methanol. The highest yield (5.91 mg GAE) was obtained using an orbital shaker for 24 h with 90% methanol as the solvent. HPLC-MS identified desferrioxamine b, baicalein, madecassic acid, and podototarin at different concentrations in all three SCB samples. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was tested against Escherichia coli K12, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Streptococcus aureus, and Enterobacter cloacae. The antimicrobial activity was also tested against modifications of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae: the MutL Homolog 1 (MLH1), Slow Growth Suppressor (SGS1), O-6-MethylGuanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGT1), and RADiation sensitive (RAD14), carrying mutations related to different cancer types. In addition, the results were compared with the effect of ampicillin and kanamycin. The SCB extracts showed up to 90% growth inhibition against B. cereus at 200–800 μg/mL and 50% growth inhibition against S. aureus at 800 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect against modified yeast SGS1, RAD14, and MLH1 was 50–80% at 800 μg/mL. The percentage of inhibition and the phenolic compound contents differed depending on the origin of the SCB sample. These findings are promising for using this industrial byproduct to obtain compounds for nutraceutical, food additive, or medical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Velázquez-Martínez
- Industrial Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica Eléctrica, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Delia Valles-Rosales
- Industrial Engineering, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Laura Rodríguez-Uribe
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | | | | | - Efren Delgado
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- *Correspondence: Efren Delgado
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13
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Insights into the leaves of Ceriscoides campanulata: Natural proanthocyanidins alleviate diabetes, inflammation, and esophageal squamous cell cancer via in vitro and in silico models. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105164. [PMID: 35217120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen flavones (1-14) including twelve polymethoxylated flavones, two A-type proanthocyanidins (oligomeric flavonoids) (15, 16), one benzoyl glucoside (17), one triterpenoid (18), and one phenylpropanoid (19) were isolated from the leaves of the South Asian medicinal plant Ceriscoides campanulata (Roxb.) Tirveng (Rubiaceae). The structures of the compounds were identified based on their spectroscopic and spectrometric data and in comparison with literature data. Isolated compounds were tested in vitro against inflammatory enzymes (COX-2, iNOS), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), esophageal squamous carcinoma cell line (TE13), and carbohydrate digestion enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase). Proanthocyanidins 15 and 16 significantly attenuated the LPS-induced inflammatory response of COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells. Proanthocyanidins also satisfactorily inhibited the regrowth (64%), migration (51%), and formation of tumor-sphere (48%) in ESCC cell line TE13 at 50% toxic concentration. Compounds 15 and 16 showed the most potent effect against mammalian α-amylase (IC50 8.4 ± 0.3 μM and 3.5 ± 0.02 μM, respectively) compared to reference standard acarbose (IC50 5.9 ± 0.1 μM). As yeast α-glucosidase inhibitors, compounds 15 and 16 also displayed significant activities (IC50 6.2 ± 0.3 and 4.7 ± 0.1 μM, respectively), while compounds 1-6 displayed weaker α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, ranging from 49 to 142 μM, compared to acarbose (IC50 665 ± 42 μM). In an anticholinesterase assay, compounds 1, 2, 6 (IC50 51 ± 2, 53 ± 7, 64 ± 5 μM, respectively), and 4 (IC50 44 ± 1 μM) showed moderate inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation analyses of compounds 15 and 16 were performed against human pancreatic α-amylase and human lysosomal acid α-glucosidase to elucidate the interactions of these compounds in the respective enzymes' active sites.
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14
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Velazquez‐Martinez V, Quintero‐Quiroz J, Rodriguez‐Uribe L, Valles‐Rosales DV, Reyes‐Jaquez D, Klasson T, Delgado E. Effect of glandless cottonseed meal protein and maltodextrin as microencapsulating agents on spray‐drying of sugarcane bagasse phenolic compounds. J Food Sci 2022; 87:750-763. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Velazquez‐Martinez
- Industrial Engineering Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
- Family and Consumer Sciences Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | - Julian Quintero‐Quiroz
- Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Laura Rodriguez‐Uribe
- Plant and Environmental Sciences Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
| | | | - Damian Reyes‐Jaquez
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico – Instituto Tecnologico de Durango Durango Mexico
| | - Thomas Klasson
- USDA‐ARS, Commodity Utilization Research New Orleans Louisiana USA
| | - Efren Delgado
- Family and Consumer Sciences Department New Mexico State University Las Cruces New Mexico USA
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15
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Wu S, Liu Y, Cui X, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Cao L, Luo X, Xiong J, Ruan R. Assessment of Potential Nitrite Safety Risk of Leafy Vegetables after Domestic Cooking. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122953. [PMID: 34945504 PMCID: PMC8701323 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Improper cultivation can easily cause excessive nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables, and the cooking processes used to prepare them can upset their nitrate/antioxidant balance, affecting their potential nitrite safety risk (PNSR). We investigated the impacts stir-frying, steaming, microwaving, and boiling on the nitrate, nitrite, and antioxidant capacity in water spinach and cabbage, and observed the impacts of storage duration on the PNSR. The antioxidant/in vivo nitrite ratio (A/N) was used to evaluate the nitrite risks in the cooked vegetables. Boiling achieved the highest A/N ratio (1.57) for water spinach, reducing the nitrate content by 25% without significantly affecting the antioxidant capacity. Stir-frying achieved the highest A/N ratio (6.55) for cabbage, increasing the antioxidant capacity by 140% without significantly affecting the nitrate content. Furthermore, it was found that the storage periods for boiled water spinach and stir-fried cabbage should not exceed 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Appropriate cooking methods and limited storage times are thus required for leafy vegetable to prevent adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songheng Wu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Xian Cui
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Qi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Yunpu Wang
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Leipeng Cao
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuan Luo
- Engineering Research Center for Biomass Conversion, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (S.W.); (X.C.); (Q.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Jianghua Xiong
- Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330046, China;
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Paul, MN 55108, USA;
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16
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More than sweet: A phytochemical and pharmacological review of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Cifuentes J, Salazar VA, Cuellar M, Castellanos MC, Rodríguez J, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C. Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Non-Centrifugal Cane Sugar and Other Sugarcane Derivatives in an In Vitro Induced Parkinson's Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1040. [PMID: 34209483 PMCID: PMC8300827 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-centrifugal cane sugar (NCS) is a traditional sweetener in most sugarcane regions of the world. In Colombia, this product has a socio-economic importance due to the extensive cultivation area and the high consumption rate per capita. NCS traditional processing involves consecutive stages of thermal processing that begin with juice extraction, clarification, evaporation, and finish with syrup crystallization into a solid commercial product, identified as NCS. Sugarcane is known to have a natural content of polyphenols, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and complex sugars, some of which are reported as antioxidant and antiproliferative agents thought to be responsible for the product's bioactive profile. There is evidence to suggest that traditional thermal processing to obtain NCS leads to a considerable decrease in the contents of these bioactive compounds, mainly due to uncontrolled process variables such as temperature. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the bioactivity of sugarcane (SC) derivatives produced under controlled thermal conditions versus the traditional method. To achieve this goal, we evaluated the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects of varying concentrations of SC derivatives in an in vitro induced Parkinson's model. Results demonstrate non-cytotoxic activity on the cellular model by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and LDH assays, even at the highest tested concentration of 8 mg/mL, for all SC derivatives. The effect of SC derivatives on the induced oxidative stress model showed a biological reversion and recovering effect of the mitochondrial membrane potential and a halting of the progress into the early apoptosis phase. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the bioactive compounds present in SC derivatives obtained by a process under controlled temperature conditions are largely preserved, and even their biological activities are enhanced compared with SC derivatives obtained by the traditional thermal evaporation of SC-juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Vivian A. Salazar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain;
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mónica Cuellar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - María Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Jader Rodríguez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria—AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, km 14 vía Mosquera Bogotá, 250047 Mosquera, Colombia;
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (J.C.); (M.C.); (M.C.C.)
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18
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The Advantage of Automatic Peer-Reviewing of 13C-NMR Reference Data Using the CSEARCH-Protocol. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113413. [PMID: 34200052 PMCID: PMC8200238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the experimental 13C-NMR spectra published in Molecules during the period of 1996 to 2015 with respect to their quality using CSEARCH-technology is described. It is shown that the systematic application of the CSEARCH-Robot-Referee during the peer-reviewing process prohibits at least the most trivial assignment errors and wrong structure proposals. In many cases, the correction of the assignments/chemical shift values is possible by manual inspection of the published tables; in certain cases, reprocessing of the original experimental data might help to clarify the situation, showing the urgent need for a public domain repository. A comparison of the significant key numbers derived for Molecules against those of other important journals in the field of natural product chemistry shows a quite similar level of quality for all publishers responsible for the six journals under investigation. From the results of this study, general rules for data handling, data storage, and manuscript preparation can be derived, helping to increase the quality of published NMR-data and making these data available as validated reference material.
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19
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Diarylalkanoids as Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors from the Stems of Semecarpus caudata. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8872920. [PMID: 33488760 PMCID: PMC7801053 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8872920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a CHCl3-soluble extract of the stems of Semecarpus caudata (Anacardiaceae), two new diarylalkanoids, semedienone (1) and semetrienone (2), were isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data interpretation. These compounds possess strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with the IC50 values of 0.033 and 0.11 μM, respectively. Docking studies of 1 and 2 with oxy-tyrosinase were carried out to analyze their interactions. Accordingly, semedienone (1) showed good interactions with the peroxide group and amino acid residues. The biosynthesis of the isolated diarylalkanoids was proposed.
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20
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Iwata K, Wu Q, Ferdousi F, Sasaki K, Tominaga K, Uchida H, Arai Y, Szele FG, Isoda H. Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) Top Extract Ameliorates Cognitive Decline in Senescence Model SAMP8 Mice: Modulation of Neural Development and Energy Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573487. [PMID: 33123536 PMCID: PMC7573230 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.573487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related biological alterations in brain function increase the risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia, a global problem exacerbated by aging populations in developed nations. Limited pharmacological therapies have resulted in attention turning to the promising role of medicinal plants and dietary supplements in the treatment and prevention of dementia. Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) top, largely considered as a by-product because of its low sugar content, in fact contains the most abundant amounts of antioxidant polyphenols relative to the rest of the plant. Given the numerous epidemiological studies on the effects of polyphenols on cognitive function, in this study, we analyzed polyphenolic constituents of sugarcane top and examined the effect of sugarcane top ethanolic extract (STEE) on a range of central nervous system functions in vitro and in vivo. Orally administrated STEE rescued spatial learning and memory deficit in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, a non-transgenic strain that spontaneously develops a multisystemic aging phenotype including pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. This could be correlated with an increased number of hippocampal newborn neurons and restoration of cortical monoamine levels in STEE-fed SAMP8 mice. Global genomic analysis by microarray in cerebral cortices showed multiple potential mechanisms for the cognitive improvement. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed biological processes such as neurogenesis, neuron differentiation, and neuron development were significantly enriched in STEE-fed mice brain compared to non-treated SAMP8 mice. Furthermore, STEE treatment significantly regulated genes involved in neurotrophin signaling, glucose metabolism, and neural development in mice brain. Our in vitro results suggest that STEE treatment enhances the metabolic activity of neuronal cells promoting glucose metabolism with significant upregulation of genes, namely PGK1, PGAM1, PKM, and PC. STEE also stimulated proliferation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), regulated bHLH factor expression and induced neuronal differentiation and astrocytic process lengthening. Altogether, our findings suggest the potential of STEE as a dietary intervention, with promising implications as a novel nutraceutical for cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Iwata
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Nippo Co., Ltd., Daito, Japan
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), AIST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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21
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Tian Y, Du H, Wang L, Li S, Zhang L, Zhang L. Nitrite Scavenging and Inhibition of N-Nitrosamines Formation by Phenolic Extracts From Diospyros lotus L. Leaves and Active Ingredients. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20961186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros lotus L. leaves are used as a functional tea and folk medicine in several Asian countries. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phenolic extracts of the leaves on scavenging nitrite and inhibiting N-nitrosamines (NAs) formation and to determine the active ingredients responsible for these effects. Of the 7 fractions (Fr1-Fr7) prepared from the extract of D. lotus leaves, Fr5 contained the highest phenolic content and exhibited the strongest activity. Five active ingredients of Fr5 were discovered, and 4 of them were identified as myricitrin (Mytr), myricetin (Myt), myricetin-3- O-β-d-glucoside (Myt-Glc), and myricetin-3- O-β-d-galactoside (Myt-Gal). The content of Mytr was much higher than those of the other 3 ingredients, both in Fr5 and extracts of D. lotus leaves. Finally, Mytr and Myt were proved to have stronger activities by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenyl hydrazine scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation assays. These results indicated that Mytr was the main active ingredient of D. lotus leaves. Myt, Mytr, and Fr5 from the leaves could be used as natural agents for antioxidant, nitrite scavenging, and inhibition of NAs formation in food and the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanHua Tian
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
- Department of Food Engineering, Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - HuiZhi Du
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - ShiFei Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - LiWei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, P. R. China
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22
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Mottaghipisheh J, Iriti M. Sephadex ® LH-20, Isolation, and Purification of Flavonoids from Plant Species: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184146. [PMID: 32927822 PMCID: PMC7570886 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are considered one of the most diverse phenolic compounds possessing several valuable health benefits. The present study aimed at gathering all correlated reports, in which Sephadex® LH-20 (SLH) has been utilized as the final step to isolate or purify of flavonoid derivatives among all plant families. Overall, 189 flavonoids have been documented, while the majority were identified from the Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Poaceae families. Application of SLH has led to isolate 79 flavonols, 63 flavones, and 18 flavanones. Homoisoflavanoids, and proanthocyanidins have only been isolated from the Asparagaceae and Lauraceae families, respectively, while the Asteraceae was the richest in flavones possessing 22 derivatives. Six flavones, four flavonols, three homoisoflavonoids, one flavanone, a flavanol, and an isoflavanol have been isolated as the new secondary metabolites. This technique has been able to isolate quercetin from 19 plant species, along with its 31 derivatives. Pure methanol and in combination with water, chloroform, and dichloromethane have generally been used as eluents. This comprehensive review provides significant information regarding to remarkably use of SLH in isolation and purification of flavonoids from all the plant families; thus, it might be considered an appreciable guideline for further phytochemical investigation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.I.); Tel.: +36-60702756066 (J.M.); +39-0250316766 (M.I.)
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (M.I.); Tel.: +36-60702756066 (J.M.); +39-0250316766 (M.I.)
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23
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Loo YT, Howell K, Chan M, Zhang P, Ng K. Modulation of the human gut microbiota by phenolics and phenolic fiber-rich foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1268-1298. [PMID: 33337077 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a prominent role in human health. Alterations in the gut microbiota are linked to the development of chronic diseases such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. We know that diet plays an important role to initiate, shape, and modulate the gut microbiota. Long-term dietary patterns are shown to be closely related with the gut microbiota enterotypes, specifically long-term consumption of carbohydrates (related to Prevotella abundance) or a diet rich in protein and animal fats (correlated to Bacteroides). Short-term consumption of solely animal- or plant-based diets have rapid and reproducible modulatory effects on the human gut microbiota. These alterations in microbiota profile by dietary alterations can be due to impact of different dietary macronutrients, carbohydrates, protein, and fat, which have diverse modulatory effects on gut microbial composition. Food-derived phenolics, which encompass structural variants of flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, coumarins, stilbenes, ellagitannins, and lignans can modify the gut microbiota. Gut microbes have been shown to act on dietary fibers and phenolics to produce functional metabolites that contribute to gut health. Here, we discuss recent studies on the impacts of phenolics and phenolic fiber-rich foods on the human gut microbiota and provide an insight into potential synergistic roles between their bacterial metabolic products in the regulation of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Tao Loo
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miin Chan
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture & Food, Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Samadarsi R, Dutta D. Anti-oxidative effect of mangiferin-chitosan nanoparticles on oxidative stress-induced renal cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:36-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Polyphenols and Alkaloids in Byproducts of Longan Fruits ( Dimocarpus Longan Lour.) and Their Bioactivities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061186. [PMID: 30917573 PMCID: PMC6471414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The longan industry produces a large amount of byproducts such as pericarp and seed, resulting in environmental pollution and resource wastage. The present study was performed to systematically evaluate functional components, i.e., polyphenols (phenolics and flavonoids) and alkaloids, in longan byproducts and their bioactivities, including antioxidant activities, nitrite scavenging activities in simulated gastric fluid and anti-hyperglycemic activities in vitro. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in pericarp were slightly higher than those in seeds, but seeds possessed higher alkaloid content than pericarp. Four polyphenolic substances, i.e., gallic acid, ethyl gallate, corilagin and ellagic acid, were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among these polyphenolic components, corilagin was the major one in both pericarp and seed. Alkaloid extract in seed showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Nitrite scavenging activities were improved with extract concentration and reaction time increasing. Flavonoids in seed and alkaloids in pericarp had potential to be developed as anti-hyperglycemic agents. The research result was a good reference for exploring longan byproducts into various valuable health-care products.
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Profiling Metabolites and Biological Activities of Sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum Linn.) Juice and its Product Molasses via a Multiplex Metabolomics Approach. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050934. [PMID: 30866484 PMCID: PMC6429268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important perennial grass in the Poaceae family cultivated worldwide due to its economical and medicinal value. In this study, a combined approach using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed for the large-scale metabolite profiling of sugarcane juice and its by-product molasses. The polyphenols were analysed via UPLC-UV-ESI-MS, whereas the primary metabolites such as sugars and organic and amino acids were profiled using NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). UPLC/MS was more effective than NMR spectroscopy or GC/MS for determining differences among the metabolite compositions of the products. Under the optimized conditions, UPLC/MS led to the identification of 42 metabolites, including nine flavonoids, nine fatty acids, and two sterols. C/O Flavone glycosides were the main subclass detected, with tricin-7-O-deoxyhexosyl glucuronide being detected in sugarcane and molasses for the first time. Based on GC/MS analysis, disaccharides were the predominant species in the sugarcane juice and molasses, with sucrose accounting for 66% and 59%, respectively, by mass of all identified metabolites. The phenolic profiles of sugarcane and molasses were further investigated in relation to their in vitro antioxidant activities using free radical scavenging assays such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability (DPPH), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In view of its higher total phenolic content (TPC) (196 ± 2.1 mg GAE/100 g extract) compared to that of sugarcane juice (93 ± 2.9 mg GAE/100 g extract), molasses exhibited a substantially higher antioxidant effect. Interestingly, both extracts were also found to inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, suggesting a possible antihyperglycaemic effect. These findings suggest molasses may be a new source of natural antioxidants for functional foods.
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A Critical Evaluation of the Quality of Published 13C NMR Data in Natural Product Chemistry. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 105:137-215. [PMID: 28194563 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-49712-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy contributes very efficiently to the structure elucidation process in organic chemistry. Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy allows direct insight into the skeleton of organic compounds and therefore plays a central role in the structural assignment of natural products. Despite this important contribution, there is no established and well-accepted workflow protocol utilized during the first steps of interpreting spectroscopic data and converting them into structural fragments and then combining them, by considering the given spectroscopic constraints, into a final proposal of structure. The so-called "combinatorial explosion" in the process of structure generation allows in many cases the generation of reasonable alternatives, which are usually ignored during manual interpretation of the measured data leading ultimately to a large number of structural revisions. Furthermore, even when the determined structure is correct, problems may exist such as assignment errors, ignoring chemical shift values, or assigning lines of impurities to the compound under consideration. An extremely large heterogeneity in the presentation of carbon NMR data can be observed, but, as a result of the efficiency and precision of spectrum prediction, the published data can be analyzed in substantial detail.This contribution presents a comprehensive analysis of frequently occurring errors with respect to 13C NMR spectroscopic data and proposes a straightforward protocol to eliminate a high percentage of the most obvious errors. The procedure discussed can be integrated readily into the processes of submission and peer-reviewing of manuscripts.
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Fan Y, Lu H, Ma H, Feng F, Hu X, Zhang Q, Wang J, Xu Y, Zhao Q. Bioactive compounds of Eriocaulon sieboldianum blocking proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HepG2 cells might be involved in Aurora kinase inhibition. Food Funct 2016; 6:3746-59. [PMID: 26369427 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Eriocaulon sieboldianum (Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud.) is an edible and medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Often in combination with other herbs, it is processed into healthcare beverages for expelling wind-heat, protecting eyes, and reducing blood lipids. Besides, its water decoction together with other herbs has been utilized to treat cancer in China. However, the active ingredients and the precise cellular mechanisms of E. sieboldianum remain to be elucidated. The Aurora kinase family plays critical roles in the regulation of cell division and has attracted great attention to the identification of small-molecule Aurora kinase inhibitors for potential treatment of cancer. A molecular docking study was employed for docking of the most bioactive compounds. Hispidulin (HPDL) and quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside (QGGP) were singled out as potent inhibitors of Aurora kinase. Their inhibitory activity towards Aurora kinase was further confirmed by the obvious decrease in autophosphorylation of Aurora-A (Thr288) and Aurora-B (Thr232). Moreover, the induction of cell cycle arrest in HepG2 cells and the suppressed phosphorylation of histone H3 were also consistent with the inhibition of Aurora kinase. The data indicate that the E. sieboldianum extract and its two active compounds, HPDL and QGGP, could effectively induce apoptosis via p53, MAPKs and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways. These findings could improve the understanding and enhance the development of drugs based on E. sieboldianum and raise its application value in anticancer therapy or prevention. In addition, our results indicated that Aurora kinase might be a novel target of HPDL and QGGP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Hongyuan Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Hongda Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yongnan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China. and Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
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Secondary metabolites from the flower buds of Lonicera japonica and their in vitro anti-diabetic activities. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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