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Verma VS, Pandey A, Jha AK, Badwaik HKR, Alexander A, Ajazuddin. Polyethylene Glycol-Based Polymer-Drug Conjugates: Novel Design and Synthesis Strategies for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy and Targeted Drug Delivery. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04895-6. [PMID: 38519751 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04895-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to their potential to enhance therapeutic results and enable targeted drug administration, polymer-drug conjugates that use polyethylene glycol (PEG) as both the polymer and the linker for drug conjugation have attracted much research. This study seeks to investigate recent developments in the design and synthesis of PEG-based polymer-drug conjugates, emphasizing fresh ideas that fill in existing knowledge gaps and satisfy the increasing need for more potent drug delivery methods. Through an extensive review of the existing literature, this study identifies key challenges and proposes innovative strategies for future investigations. The paper presents a comprehensive framework for designing and synthesizing PEG-based polymer-drug conjugates, including rational molecular design, linker selection, conjugation methods, and characterization techniques. To further emphasize the importance and adaptability of PEG-based polymer-drug conjugates, prospective applications are highlighted, including cancer treatment, infectious disorders, and chronic ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sagar Verma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490023, India
| | - Aakansha Pandey
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Jha
- Shri Shankaracharya Professional University, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Ramchandra Badwaik
- Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India.
- Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Junwani, Bhilai, 490020, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizers, Guwahati, 781101, Assam, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kohka, Bhilai, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 490023, India.
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2
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Jaiswal MK, Tiwari VK. Growing Impact of Intramolecular Click Chemistry in Organic Synthesis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300167. [PMID: 37522634 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Click Chemistry, a modular, rapid, and one of the most reliable tool for the regioselective 1,2,3-triazole forming [3+2] reaction of organic azide and terimal alkyne is widely explored in various emerging domains of research ranging from chemical biology to catalysis and medicinal chemistry to material science. This regioselective reaction from a diverse range of azido-alkyne scaffolds has been well performed in both intermolecular as well as intramolecular fashions. In comparison to the intermolecular metal (Cu/Ru/Ni) variant of 'Click Chemistry', the intramolecular click tool is little addressed. The intramolecular click chemistry is exemplified as a mordern tool of cyclization which involves metal-catalyzed (CuAAC/RuAAC) cyclization, organo-catalyzed cyclization, and thermal-induced topochemical reaction. Thus, we report herein the recent approaches on intramolecular azide-alkyne cycloaddition 'Click Chemistry' with their wide-spread emerging applications in the developement of a diverse range of molecules including fused-heterocycles, well-defined peptidomemics, and macrocyclic architectures of various notable features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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3
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Wu T, Liu C, Kannan RM. Systemic Dendrimer-Peptide Therapies for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2428. [PMID: 37896188 PMCID: PMC10609940 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an end-stage event in a complex pathogenesis of macular degeneration, involving the abnormal growth of blood vessels at the retinal pigment epithelium driven by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Current therapies seek to interrupt VEGF signaling to halt the progress of neovascularization, but a significant patient population is not responsive. New treatment modalities such as integrin-binding peptides (risuteganib/Luminate/ALG-1001) are being explored to address this clinical need but these treatments necessitate the use of intravitreal injections (IVT), which carries risks of complications and restricts its availability in less-developed countries. Successful systemic delivery of peptide-based therapeutics must overcome obstacles such as degradation by proteinases in circulation and off-target binding. In this work, we present a novel dendrimer-integrin-binding peptide (D-ALG) synthesized with a noncleavable, "clickable" linker. In vitro, D-ALG protected the peptide payload from enzymatic degradation for up to 1.5 h (~90% of the compound remained intact) in a high concentration of proteinase (2 mg/mL) whereas ~90% of free ALG-1001 was degraded in the same period. Further, dendrimer conjugation preserved the antiangiogenic activity of ALG-1001 in vitro with significant reductions in endothelial vessel network formation compared to untreated controls. In vivo, direct intravitreal injections of ALG-1001 and D-ALG produced reductions in the CNV lesion area but in systemically dosed animals, only D-ALG produced significant reductions of CNV lesion area at 14 days. Imaging data suggested that the difference in efficacy may be due to more D-ALG remaining in the target area than ALG-1001 after administration. The results presented here offer a clinically relevant route for peptide therapeutics by addressing the major obstacles that these therapies face in delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (T.W.); (C.L.)
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4
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Kaspute G, Arunagiri BD, Alexander R, Ramanavicius A, Samukaite-Bubniene U. Development of Essential Oil Delivery Systems by 'Click Chemistry' Methods: Possible Ways to Manage Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6537. [PMID: 37834674 PMCID: PMC10573547 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, rare diseases have received attention due to the need for improvement in diagnosed patients' and their families' lives. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive, muscle-wasting disease. Today, the therapeutic standard for treating DMD is corticosteroids, which cause serious adverse side effects. Nutraceuticals, e.g., herbal extracts or essential oils (EOs), are possible active substances to develop new drug delivery systems to improve DMD patients' lives. New drug delivery systems lead to new drug effects, improved safety and accuracy, and new therapies for rare diseases. Herbal extracts and EOs combined with click chemistry can lead to the development of safer treatments for DMD. In this review, we focus on the need for novel drug delivery systems using EOs as the therapy for DMD and the potential use of click chemistry for drug delivery systems. New EO complex drug delivery systems may offer a new approach for improving muscle conditions and mental health issues associated with DMD. However, further research should identify the potential of these systems in the context of DMD. In this review, we discuss possibilities for applying EOs to DMD before implementing expensive research in a theoretical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Kaspute
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Bharani Dharan Arunagiri
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rakshana Alexander
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Urte Samukaite-Bubniene
- Department of Nanotechnology, State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Sauletekis av. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (B.D.A.); (R.A.)
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5
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Wang J, Li P, Wang C, Liu N, Xing D. Molecularly or atomically precise nanostructures for bio-applications: how far have we come? MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3304-3324. [PMID: 37365977 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A huge variety of nanostructures are promising for biomedical applications, but only a few have been practically applied. Among the various reasons, the limited structural preciseness is a critical one, as it increases the difficulty in product quality control, accurate dosing, and ensuring the repeatability of material performance. Constructing nanoparticles with molecule-like preciseness is becoming a new research field. In this review, we focus on the artificial nanomaterials that can currently be molecularly or atomically precise, including DNA nanostructures, some metallic nanoclusters, dendrimer nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures, describing their syntheses, bio-applications and limitations, in view of up-to-date studies. A perspective on their potential for clinical translation is also given. This review is expected to provide a particular rationale for the future design of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Li
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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6
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Agarwal DS, Sakhuja R, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Steroid-triazole conjugates: A brief overview of synthesis and their application as anticancer agents. Steroids 2023:109258. [PMID: 37330161 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are biomolecules that play pivotal roles in various physiological and drug discovery processes. Abundant research has been fuelled towards steroid-heterocycles conjugates over the last few decades as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases especially as anticancer agents. In this context various steroid-triazole conjugates have been synthesized and studied for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. A thorough search of the literatures revealed that a concise review pertaining the present topic is not compiled. Therefore, in thus review we summarize the synthesis, anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines and structure activity relationship (SAR) of various steroid-triazole conjugates. This review can lay down the path towards the development of various steroid-heterocycles conjugates with lesser side effects and profound efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, India
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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7
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Dhull A, Yu C, Wilmoth AH, Chen M, Sharma A, Yiu S. Dendrimers in Corneal Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Translational Opportunities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1591. [PMID: 37376040 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are biocompatible organic nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties, making them the focus of recent research in drug delivery. The cornea of the human eye presents a challenge for drug transit due to its inherently impenetrable nature, requiring nanocarrier-mediated targeted drug delivery. This review intends to examine recent advancements in the use of dendrimers for corneal drug delivery, including their properties and their potential for treating various ocular diseases. The review will also highlight the benefit of the novel technologies that have been developed and applied in the field, such as corneal targeting, drug release kinetics, treatments for dry eye disease, antibacterial drug delivery, corneal inflammation, and corneal tissue engineering. The review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research in this field, along with the translational developments in the field of dendrimer-based therapeutics and imaging agents and inspire the potential for future developments and translational opportunities in dendrimers based corneal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubhav Dhull
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Carson Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cornea Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alex Hunter Wilmoth
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Minjie Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cornea Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Samuel Yiu
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Cornea Division, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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8
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Wong KH, Guo Z, Law MK, Chen M. Functionalized PAMAM constructed nanosystems for biomacromolecule delivery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:1589-1606. [PMID: 36692071 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyamidoamines (PAMAMs) are a class of dendrimer with monodispersity and controlled topology, which can deliver biologically active macromolecules (e.g., genes and proteins) to specific regions with high efficiency and minimum side effects. In detail, PAMAMs can be functionalized easily by core modification or surface amendment to encapsulate a wide range of biomacromolecules. Besides, self-assembled, cross-linked and hybrid PAMAMs with customized therapeutic purposes are developed as delivery vehicles, which makes PAMAMs promising for biomacromolecule therapy. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the application of PAMAMs in biomacromolecule delivery from the synthesis of functionalized PAMAM carriers to the development of PAMAM-based drug delivery systems. The underlying strategies for PAMAM functionalization and assembly are first systematically discussed, and then the current applications of PAMAMs for biomacromolecule delivery are reviewed. Finally, a brief perspective on the further applications of PAMAMs concludes, aiming to provide insights into developing PAMAM-based biomacromolecule delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hong Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Zhaopei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Man-Kay Law
- State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, IME and FST-ECE, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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9
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Popp PF, Lozano-Cruz T, Dürr F, Londaitsbehere A, Hartig J, de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Mascher T, Revilla-Guarinos A. The Novel Synthetic Antibiotic BDTL049 Based on a Dendritic System Induces Lipid Domain Formation while Escaping the Cell Envelope Stress Resistance Determinants. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:297. [PMID: 36678925 PMCID: PMC9866484 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The threat of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is ever increasing and over the past-decades development of novel therapeutic counter measurements have virtually come to a halt. This circumstance calls for interdisciplinary approaches to design, evaluate and validate the mode of action of novel antibacterial compounds. Hereby, carbosilane dendritic systems that exhibit antimicrobial properties have the potential to serve as synthetic and rationally designed molecules for therapeutic use. The bow-tie type topology of BDTL049 was recently investigated against the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis, revealing strong bactericidal properties. In this study, we follow up on open questions concerning the usability of BDTL049. For this, we synthesized a fluorescent-labeled version of BDTL049 that maintained all antimicrobial features to unravel the interaction of the compound and bacterial membrane. Subsequently, we highlight the bacterial sensitivity against BDTL049 by performing a mutational study of known resistance determinants. Finally, we address the cytotoxicity of the compound in human cells, unexpectedly revealing a high sensitivity of the eukaryotic cells upon BDTL049 exposure. The insights presented here further elaborate on the unique features of BDTL049 as a promising candidate as an antimicrobial agent while not precluding that further rounds of rational designing are needed to decrease cytotoxicity to ultimately pave the way for synthetic antibiotics toward clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F. Popp
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tania Lozano-Cruz
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Franziska Dürr
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Addis Londaitsbehere
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Hartig
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. Del Río” (IQAR), University de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thorsten Mascher
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Revilla-Guarinos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institut Für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany
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Numai S, Yoto R, Kimura M, Simanek EE, Kitano Y. Click Chemistry of Melamine Dendrimers: Comparison of "Click-and-Grow" and "Grow-Then-Click" Strategies Using a Divergent Route to Diversity. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010131. [PMID: 36615327 PMCID: PMC9822332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are attractive macromolecules for a broad range of applications owing to their well-defined shapes and dimensions, highly branched and globular architectures, and opportunities for exploiting multivalency. Triazine dendrimers in particular offer advantages such as ease of synthesis, stability, well-defined spherical structure, multivalency, potential to achieve acceptable drug loadings, and low polydispersity. In this study, the potential utility of alkyne-azide "click" cycloadditions of first-, second-, and third-generation triazine dendrimers containing three or six alkynyl groups with benzyl azide was examined using copper catalysts. "Click-and-grow" and "grow-then-click" strategies were employed. For the first- and second- generation dendrimers, the desired triazole derivatives were obtained in high yields and purified by simple reprecipitation without column chromatography; however, some difficulties were observed in the preparation of third-generation dendrimers. The desired reaction proceeded under microwave irradiation as well as with simple heating. This click chemistry can be utilized for various melamine dendrimers that are fabricated with other amine linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanami Numai
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Risako Yoto
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Masataka Kimura
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Eric E. Simanek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Kitano
- Laboratory of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-367-5700
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11
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Wang J, Li B, Qiu L, Qiao X, Yang H. Dendrimer-based drug delivery systems: history, challenges, and latest developments. J Biol Eng 2022; 16:18. [PMID: 35879774 PMCID: PMC9317453 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first dendrimer was reported in 1978 by Fritz Vögtle, dendrimer research has grown exponentially, from synthesis to application in the past four decades. The distinct structure characteristics of dendrimers include nanoscopic size, multi-functionalized surface, high branching, cavernous interior, and so on, making dendrimers themselves ideal drug delivery vehicles. This mini review article provides a brief overview of dendrimer’s history and properties and the latest developments of dendrimers as drug delivery systems. This review focuses on the latest progress in the applications of dendrimers as drug and gene carriers, including 1) active drug release strategies to dissociate drug/gene from dendrimer in response to stimuli; 2) size-adaptive and charge reversal dendrimer delivery systems that can better take advantage of the size and surface properties of dendrimer; 3) bulk and micro/nano dendrimer gel delivery systems. The recent advances in dendrimer formulations may lead to the generation of new drug and gene products and enable the development of novel combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| | - Boxuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li Qiu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Yang
- Linda and Bipin Doshi Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
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12
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Niu L, Song N, Wang X, Ding S. Internally Functionalized Dendrimers Based on Fully Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200375. [PMID: 35766341 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Being one important class in dendrimer chemistry, internally functionalized dendrimers (IFDs) are still exiguous. Here we demonstrate the first construction of IFDs involving fully substituted 1,2,3-triazole rings as interior functionality carriers. Through divergent or convergent synthetic protocols established on the efficient iridium-catalyzed annulation of internal 1-thioalkynes with organic azides (IrAAC), sequence-controlled heterolayered dendrimers with different branched structures are achieved in a convenient manner. 1 H NMR, MS and SEC characterizations well identify their architecture and high purity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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13
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Dahiya A, Schoenebeck F. Orthogonal and Modular Arylation of Alkynylgermanes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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14
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Khalil M, Jeanne Dit Fouque D, Berchel M, Fraix A, Sortino S, Memboeuf A, Jaffrès PA. Phosphonodithioformate-amine coupling reaction: from basic discovery to application for the functionalization of liposomes. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aurore Fraix
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- PhotoChemLab, Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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15
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Jurczyk M, Kasperczyk J, Wrześniok D, Beberok A, Jelonek K. Nanoparticles Loaded with Docetaxel and Resveratrol as an Advanced Tool for Cancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051187. [PMID: 35625921 PMCID: PMC9138983 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing interest in the use of a combination of chemosensitizers and cytostatics for overcoming cancer resistance to treatment and the development of their delivery systems has been observed. Resveratrol (Res) presents antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties but also limits multidrug resistance against docetaxel (Dtx), which is one of the main causes of failure in cancer therapy with this drug. However, the use of both drugs presents challenges, including poor bioavailability, the unfavourable pharmacokinetics and chemical instability of Res and the poor water solubility and dose-limiting toxicity of Dtx. In order to overcome these difficulties, attempts have been made to create different forms of delivery for both agents. This review is focused on the latest developments in nanoparticles for the delivery of Dtx, Res and for the combined delivery of those two drugs. The aim of this review was also to summarize the synergistic mechanism of action of Dtx and Res on cancer cells. According to recent reports, Dtx and Res loaded in a nano-delivery system exhibit better efficiency in cancer treatment compared to free drugs. Also, the co-delivery of Dtx and Res in one actively targeted delivery system providing the simultaneous release of both drugs in cancer cells has a chance to fulfil the requirements of effective anticancer therapy and reduce limitations in therapy caused by multidrug resistance (MDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Jurczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (D.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (J.K.)
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (D.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Artur Beberok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (D.W.); (A.B.)
| | - Katarzyna Jelonek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Curie-Skłodowska 34 St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-271-2969
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16
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Drug-dendrimer complexes and conjugates: Detailed furtherance through theory and experiments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102639. [PMID: 35339862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic nanovectors-based drug delivery has gained significant attention in the past couple of decades. Dendrimers play a crucial role in deciding the solubility of sparingly soluble drug molecules and help in improving pharmacokinetics. A few important steps in drug delivery through dendrimers, such as drug encapsulation, formulation, and target-specific delivery, play an important role in deciding the fate of a drug molecule. It is also of prime importance to understand the interactions between a drug molecule and dendrimers at atomistic levels to decode the mechanism of action of drug-dendrimer complexes and their reliability in terms of drug delivery. Colossal progress in current experimental and computational approaches in the field has resulted in a vast amount of data that needs to be curated to be further implemented efficiently. Improved computational power has led to greater accuracy and prompt predictions of properties of drug-dendrimer complexes and their mechanism of action. The current review encapsulates the pioneering work in the field, experimental achievements in terms of drug delivery, and newer computational techniques employed in the advancement of the field.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengtao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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18
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New Acetamidine Cu(II) Schiff base complex supported on magnetic nanoparticles pectin for the synthesis of triazoles using click chemistry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3771. [PMID: 35260647 PMCID: PMC8904776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07674-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this project, the new catalyst copper defines as Fe3O4@Pectin@(CH2)3-Acetamide-Cu(II) was successfully manufactured and fully characterized by different techniques, including FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FESEM, EDX, VSM, TGA, and ICP analysis. All results showed that copper was successfully supported on the polymer‐coated magnetic nanoparticles. One of the most important properties of a catalyst is the ability to be prepared from simple materials such as pectin that’s a biopolymer that is widely found in nature. The catalytic activity of Fe3O4@Pectin@(CH2)3-Acetamide-Cu(II) was examined in a classical, one pot, and the three-component reaction of terminal alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azide in water and observed, proceeding smoothly and completed in good yields and high regioselectivity. The critical potential interests of the present method include high yields, recyclability of catalyst, easy workup, using an eco-friendly solvent, and the ability to sustain a variety of functional groups, which give economical as well as ecological rewards. The capability of the nanocomposite was compared with previous works, and the nanocomposite was found more efficient, economical, and reproducible. Also, the catalyst can be easily removed from the reaction solution using an external magnet and reused for five runs without reduction in catalyst activity.
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19
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Vonlanthen M, Cuétara-Guadarrama F, Porcu P, Sorroza-Martínez K, González-Méndez I, Rivera E. Dendronized Porphyrins: Molecular Design and Synthesis. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220126121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
In this review, we report different methods and strategies to synthesize flexible and rigid dendronized porphyrins. We will focus on porphyrin dendrimers that have been reported in the last 10 years. Particularly, in our research group, we have designed and synthesized different series of dendronized porphyrins (free base and metallated) with pyrene units at the periphery and Fréchet-type dendritic arms. The Lindsey methodology has allowed the synthesis of meso-substituted porphyrins with various substitution patterns, such as symmetric, dissymmetric, or unsymmetric. Porphyrin dendrimers have been prepared by different synthetic methodologies; one of the most reported being the convergent method, where the dendrons are first prepared and further linked to a meso-substituted functionalized porphyrin unit, which will constitute the core of the dendrimer. Another interesting synthetic approach is the use of a reactive dendron bearing a terminal aldehyde functional group to form the final porphyrin core. In this way, a two-armed dendronized dissymmetric porphyrin core can be prepared from a dendritic precursor and a dipyrromethene derivative. This strategy is very convenient to prepare low-generation dendritic porphyrins. The divergent approach is another well-known methodology for porphyrin dendrimer synthesis, mostly used for the obtainment of high-generation dendrimers. Click chemistry reaction has been advantageous for the development of more complex porphyrin dendritic structures. This reaction presents important advantages, such as high yields and mild reaction conditions which permit the assembly of different multiporphyrin dendritic structures. In the constructs presented in this review, the emission of the porphyrin moiety has been observed, leading to potential applications in artificial photosynthesis, sensing, nanomedicine, and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Vonlanthen
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabián Cuétara-Guadarrama
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pasquale Porcu
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kendra Sorroza-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Israel González-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Arredondo-Ochoa T, Silva-Martínez GA. Microemulsion Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.753947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the active pharmaceutical compounds are often prone to display low bioavailability and biological degradation represents an important drawback. Due to the above, the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that enables the introduction of a pharmaceutical compound through the body to achieve a therapeutic effect in a controlled manner is an expanding application. Henceforth, new strategies have been developed to control several parameters considered essential for enhancing delivery of drugs. Nanostructure synthesis by microemulsions (ME) consist of enclosing a substance within a wall material at the nanoscale level, allowing to control the size and surface area of the resulting particle. This nanotechnology has shown the importance on targeted drug delivery to improve their stability by protecting a bioactive compound from an adverse environment, enhanced bioavailability as well as controlled release. Thus, a lower dose administration could be achieved by minimizing systemic side effects and decreasing toxicity. This review will focus on describing the different biocompatible nanostructures synthesized by ME as controlled DDS for therapeutic purposes.
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21
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Torres-Pérez SA, Vallejo-Castillo L, Vázquez-Leyva S, Zepeda-Vallejo LG, Herbert-Pucheta JE, Severac C, Dague E, Pérez-Tapia SM, Ramón-Gallegos E. Structural and physicochemical characteristics of one-step PAMAM dendrimeric nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Pedro-Hernández LD, Martínez-García M. Synthesis of Open-Resorcinarene Dendrimers with L-serine (Ibuprofen) Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666211130164548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
A new class of dendrimers with open-resorcinarenes has been synthesized in good
yields (77-85%). The open-resorcinarenes showed a high capacity for functionalization, having
eight hydroxyl groups. The Williamson reaction with N,N-bis(2-azidoethyl)-2-bromo
acetamide did not show any steric effect, obtaining sixteen azide terminal groups, which gave
us the possibility to obtain a high molecular weight dendrimer via the azide-alkyne click reaction
with prop-2-yn-1-yl-(ibuprofen)L-serinate derivatives to obtain the triazole ring spacers
and the L-serinate(ibuprofen) derivatives as terminal groups. Also, we carried out the deprotection
reaction of the L-serinate moiety terminal groups of the dendrimer 10 in good yields
(95%). Three novel open-resorcinarene den-drimers with sixteen ibuprofen-L-serinate derivatives
and hydroxyl, tert-butyl, and carboxylic acid; therefore, with three different terminal
groups, with possible nanomedical activity are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Daniel Pedro-Hernández
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510,
Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510,
Mexico D.F., Mexico
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23
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Patle RY, Meshram JS. The advanced synthetic modifications and applications of multifunctional PAMAM dendritic composites. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The profound advances in dendrimer chemistry have led to new horizons in polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Y. Patle
- Mahatma Gandhi College of Science Gadchandur, Chandrapur, (M.S.)-442908, India
- PGTD Chemistry, R.T.M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, (M.S.)-440033, India
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24
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Peptide Multimerization as Leads for Therapeutic Development. Biologics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/biologics2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multimerization of peptide structures has been a logical evolution in their development as potential therapeutic molecules. The multivalent properties of these assemblies have attracted much attention from researchers in the past and the development of more complex branching dendrimeric structures, with a wide array of biocompatible building blocks is revealing previously unseen properties and activities. These branching multimer and dendrimer structures can induce greater effect on cellular targets than monomeric forms and act as potent antimicrobials, potential vaccine alternatives and promising candidates in biomedical imaging and drug delivery applications. This review aims to outline the chemical synthetic innovations for the development of these highly complex structures and highlight the extensive capabilities of these molecules to rival those of natural biomolecules.
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25
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Lebitania JA, Inada N, Morimoto M, You J, Shahiduzzaman M, Taima T, Hirata K, Fukuma T, Ohta A, Asakawa T, Asakawa H. Local Cross-Coupling Activity of Azide-Hexa(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14688-14696. [PMID: 34878277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Azide-oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated self-assembled monolayers (N3-OEG-SAMs) are promising interfacial structures for surface functionalization. Its many potential applications include chemical/bio-sensing and construction of surface models owing to its cross-coupling activity that originates from the azide group and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) units for non-specific adsorption resistance. However, there are only a few studies and limited information, particularly on the molecular-scale structures and local cross-coupling activities of N3-OEG-SAMs, which are vital to understanding its surface properties and interfacial molecular design. In this study, molecular-scale surface structures and cross-coupling activity of azide-hexa(ethylene glycol)-terminated SAMs (N3-EG6-SAMs) were investigated using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquid. The N3-EG6-SAMs were prepared on Au(111) substrates through the self-assembly of 11-azido-hexa(ethylene glycol)-undecane-1-thiol (N3-EG6-C11-HS) molecules obtained from a liquid phase. Subnanometer-resolution surface structures were visualized in an aqueous solution using a laboratory-built FM-AFM instrument. The results show a well-ordered molecular arrangement in the N3-EG6-SAM and its clean surfaces originating from the adsorption resistance property of the terminal EG6 units. Surface functionalization by the cross-coupling reaction of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was observed, indicating a structural change in the form of fluctuating structures and island-shaped structures depending on the concentration of the alkyne molecules. The FM-AFM imaging enabled to provide information on the relationship between the surface structures and cross-coupling activity. These findings provide molecular-scale information on the functionalization of the N3-EG6-SAMs, which is helpful for the interfacial molecular design based on alkanethiol SAMs in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Lebitania
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morimoto
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jiaxun You
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Md Shahiduzzaman
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taima
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaito Hirata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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García-Álvarez F, Martínez-García M. Click reaction in the synthesis of dendrimer drug-delivery systems. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3445-3470. [PMID: 34711155 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems are technologies designed for the targeted delivery and controlled release of medicinal agents. Among the materials employed as drug delivery systems, dendrimers have gained increasing interest in recent years because of their properties and structural characteristics. The use of dendrimer-nanocarrier formulations enhances the safety and bioavailability, increases the solubility in water, improves stability and pharmacokinetic profile, and enables efficient delivery of the target drug to a specific site. However, the synthesis of dendritic architectures through convergent or divergent methods has drawbacks and limitations that disrupt aspects related to design and construction and consequently slow down the transfer from academia to industry. In that sense, the implementation of click chemistry has been received increasing attention in the last years, because offers new efficient approaches to obtain dendritic species in good yields and higher monodispersity. This review focuses on recent strategies for building dendrimer drug delivery systems using click reactions from 2015 to early 2021. The dendritic structures showed in this review are based on β-cyclodextrins (β-CD), poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), dendritic poly (lysine) (PLLD), dimethylolpropionic acid (bis-MPA), phosphoramidate (PAD), and poly(propargyl alcohol-4-mercaptobutyric (PPMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando García-Álvarez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, México D.F. Mexico
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27
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El‐Sayed HA, Moustafa AH, Masry AA, Amer AM, Mohammed SM. An efficient synthesis of 4,6‐diarylnicotinonitrile‐acetamide hybrids via 1,2,3‐triazole linker as multitarget microbial inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. El‐Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Asmaa A. Masry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Atef M. Amer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
| | - Samar M. Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt
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28
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Alli S. Synthesis and characterization of poly(linoleic-g-ε-caprolactone) graft copolymers via “click” reaction and ring-opening polymerization. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kalra P, Kaur R, Singh G, Singh H, Singh G, Pawan, Kaur G, Singh J. Metals as “Click” catalysts for alkyne-azide cycloaddition reactions: An overview. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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31
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Scinto SL, Bilodeau DA, Hincapie R, Lee W, Nguyen SS, Xu M, am Ende CW, Finn MG, Lang K, Lin Q, Pezacki JP, Prescher JA, Robillard MS, Fox JM. Bioorthogonal chemistry. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2021; 1:30. [PMID: 34585143 PMCID: PMC8469592 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry represents a class of high-yielding chemical reactions that proceed rapidly and selectively in biological environments without side reactions towards endogenous functional groups. Rooted in the principles of physical organic chemistry, bioorthogonal reactions are intrinsically selective transformations not commonly found in biology. Key reactions include native chemical ligation and the Staudinger ligation, copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, strain-promoted [3 + 2] reactions, tetrazine ligation, metal-catalysed coupling reactions, oxime and hydrazone ligations as well as photoinducible bioorthogonal reactions. Bioorthogonal chemistry has significant overlap with the broader field of 'click chemistry' - high-yielding reactions that are wide in scope and simple to perform, as recently exemplified by sulfuryl fluoride exchange chemistry. The underlying mechanisms of these transformations and their optimal conditions are described in this Primer, followed by discussion of how bioorthogonal chemistry has become essential to the fields of biomedical imaging, medicinal chemistry, protein synthesis, polymer science, materials science and surface science. The applications of bioorthogonal chemistry are diverse and include genetic code expansion and metabolic engineering, drug target identification, antibody-drug conjugation and drug delivery. This Primer describes standards for reproducibility and data deposition, outlines how current limitations are driving new research directions and discusses new opportunities for applying bioorthogonal chemistry to emerging problems in biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. Scinto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Didier A. Bilodeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Robert Hincapie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Wankyu Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Sean S. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Didier A. Bilodeau, Robert Hincapie, Wankyu Lee, Sean S. Nguyen, Minghao Xu
| | | | - M. G. Finn
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kathrin Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - John Paul Pezacki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Prescher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Joseph M. Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Saluja V, Mishra Y, Mishra V, Giri N, Nayak P. Dendrimers based cancer nanotheranostics: An overview. Int J Pharm 2021; 600:120485. [PMID: 33744447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a known deadliest disease that requires a judicious diagnostic, targeting, and treatment strategy for an early prognosis and selective therapy. The major pitfalls of the conventional approach are non-specificity in targeting, failure to precisely monitor therapy outcome, and cancer progression leading to malignancies. The unique physicochemical properties offered by nanotechnology derived nanocarriers have the potential to radically change the landscape of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic management. An integrative approach of utilizing both diagnostic and therapeutic functionality using a nanocarrier is termed as nanotheranostic. The nanotheranostics platform is designed in such a way that overcomes various biological barriers, efficiently targets the payload to the desired locus, and simultaneously supports planning, monitoring, and verification of treatment delivery to demonstrate an enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Thus, a nanotheranostic platform could potentially assist in drug targeting, image-guided focal therapy, drug release and distribution monitoring, predictionof treatment response, and patient stratification. A class of highly branched nanocarriers known as dendrimers is recognized as an advanced nanotheranostic platform that has the potential to revolutionize the oncology arena by its unique and exciting features. A dendrimer is a well-defined three-dimensional globular chemical architecture with a high level of monodispersity, amenability of precise size control, and surface functionalization. All the dendrimer properties exhibit a reproducible pharmacokinetic behavior that could ensure the desired biodistribution and efficacy. Dendrimers are thus being exploited as a nanotheranostic platform embodying a diverse class of therapeutic, imaging, and targeting moieties for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Saluja
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, Shri Shakti Degree College, Sankhahari, Ghatampur, Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
| | - Namita Giri
- College of Pharmacy, Ferris State University, Big Rapids, MI 49307, USA
| | - Pallavi Nayak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Ludhiana, Punjab, India; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Design, synthesis, anticancer and antioxidant activities of amide linked 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bhattacharjee S, Brayden DJ. Addressing the challenges to increase the efficiency of translating nanomedicine formulations to patients. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:235-254. [PMID: 33108229 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1826434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is in a growth phase for drug delivery and medical imaging. Nanomaterials with unique properties present opportunities for encapsulation of therapeutics and imaging agents, along with conjugation to ligands for targeting. Favorable chemistry of nanomaterials can create formulations that address critical challenges for therapeutics, such as insolubility and a low capacity to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and intestinal wall. AREAS COVERED The authors investigate challenges faced during translation of nanomedicines while suggesting reasons as to why some nanoformulations have under-performed in clinical trials. They assess physiological barriers such as the BBB and gut mucus that nanomedicines must overcome to deliver cargos. They also provide an overview with examples of how nanomedicines can be designed to improve localization and site-specific delivery (e.g., encapsulation, bioconjugation, and triggered-release). EXPERT OPINION There are examples where nanomedicines have demonstrated improved efficacy of payload in humans; however, most of the advantages conferred were in improved pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity. Problematic data show susceptibility of nanoformulations against natural protective mechanisms present in the body, including distribution impediment by physiological barriers and activation of the reticuloendothelial system. Further initiatives should address current challenges while expanding the scope of nanomedicine into advanced biomedical imaging and antibiotic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhattacharjee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Brayden
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Zeng Y, Li Z, Zhu H, Gu Z, Zhang H, Luo K. Recent Advances in Nanomedicines for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6571-6597. [PMID: 35019387 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Breugst M, Reissig H. The Huisgen Reaction: Milestones of the 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12293-12307. [PMID: 32255543 PMCID: PMC7383714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions was presented by Rolf Huisgen 60 years ago. Previously unknown reactive intermediates, for example azomethine ylides, were introduced to organic chemistry and the (3+2) cycloadditions of 1,3-dipoles to multiple-bond systems (Huisgen reaction) developed into one of the most versatile synthetic methods in heterocyclic chemistry. In this Review, we present the history of this research area, highlight important older reports, and describe the evolution and further development of the concept. The most important mechanistic and synthetic results are discussed. Quantum-mechanical calculations support the concerted mechanism always favored by R. Huisgen; however, in extreme cases intermediates may be involved. The impact of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions on the click chemistry concept of K. B. Sharpless will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breugst
- Department für ChemieUniversität zu KölnGreinstrasse 450939KölnGermany
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reissig
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
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40
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Hernández-López H, Leyva-Ramos S, Azael Gómez-Durán CF, Pedraza-Alvarez A, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez IR, Leyva-Peralta MA, Razo-Hernández RS. Synthesis of 1,4-Biphenyl-triazole Derivatives as Possible 17β-HSD1 Inhibitors: An in Silico Study. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14061-14068. [PMID: 32566872 PMCID: PMC7301541 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Triazoles occupy an important position in medicinal chemistry because of their various biological activities. The structural features of 1,2,3-triazoles enable them to act as a bioisostere of different functional groups such as amide, ester, carboxylic acid, and heterocycle, being capable of forming hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions or coordinate metal ions with biological targets. In this work, the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) is reported. Overexpression of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is often found in breast cancer cells. Molecular similarity and docking analysis were used to evaluate the potential inhibitory activity of 1,2,3-triazoles synthesized over 17β-HSD1 for the treatment of mammary tumors. Our in silico analysis shows that compounds 4c, 4d, 4f, 4g, and 4j are good molecular scaffold candidates as 17β-HSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiram Hernández-López
- Unidad
Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km 6, Ejido la
Escondida s/n, Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, México
| | - Socorro Leyva-Ramos
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
- . Phone: +52 444 826
2300 ext. 6476
| | - Cesar Fernando Azael Gómez-Durán
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Alberto Pedraza-Alvarez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Irving Rubén Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, México
| | - Mario Alberto Leyva-Peralta
- Departamento
de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, URN Campus Caborca. Av. Universidad e Irigoyen
s/n. H. Caborca, Sonora 83621, México
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Centro
de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001. Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, México
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41
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Bondareva J, Kolotylo M, Rozhkov V, Burilov V, Lukin O. A convergent approach to sulfonimide-based dendrimers and dendrons. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Breugst M, Reißig H. Die Huisgen‐Reaktion: Meilensteine der 1,3‐dipolaren Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breugst
- Department für Chemie Universität zu Köln Greinstraße 4 50939 Köln Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Ulrich Reißig
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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Serkova ES, Chamkin AA, Boldyrev KL, Shifrina ZB. “Click” Synthesis and Electrochemical Behavior of Ferrocenyl-Terminated Pyridylphenylene Dendrimers. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena S. Serkova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Aleksandr A. Chamkin
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Konstantin L. Boldyrev
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Zinaida B. Shifrina
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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García-Gallego S, Andrén OCJ, Malkoch M. Accelerated Chemoselective Reactions to Sequence-Controlled Heterolayered Dendrimers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1501-1509. [PMID: 31895981 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions are a highly desirable approach to generate well-defined functional macromolecules. Their extraordinary efficiency and selectivity enable the development of flawless structures, such as dendrimers, with unprecedented structure-to-property capacity but with typically tedious synthetic protocols. Here we demonstrate the potency of chemoselective reactions to accomplish sequence-controlled heterolayered dendrimers. An accurate accelerated design of bis-MPA monomers with orthogonally complementary moieties and a wisely selected chemical toolbox generated highly complex monodisperse dendrimers through simplified protocols. The versatility of the strategy was proved by obtaining different dendritic families with different properties after altering the order of addition of the monomers. Moreover, we evaluated the feasibility of the one-pot approach toward these heterolayered dendrimers as proof-of-concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra García-Gallego
- Royal Institute of Technology , School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Institute in Chemistry "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR) , University of Alcalá , 28805 Madrid , Spain
| | - Oliver C J Andrén
- Royal Institute of Technology , School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- Royal Institute of Technology , School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Fiber and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56-58 , SE-100 44 Stockholm , Sweden
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Agrahari AK, Singh. AS, Mukherjee R, Tiwari VK. An expeditious click approach towards the synthesis of galactose coated novel glyco-dendrimers and dentromers utilizing a double stage convergent method. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31553-31562. [PMID: 35520637 PMCID: PMC9056565 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary motive behind this article is to bring to the forefront a unique kind of dendrimer which has remained a dark horse since its discovery, namely dentromer. We herein report the synthesis of glycodendrimers and glycodentromers crowned with galactose units by harnessing an expeditious synthesis of dendrimer core 18 and dentromer core 19, divergently with branching directionality (1 → 2) and (1 → 3), respectively. A competent, double stage convergent synthetic path was chosen to facilitate ease of refining and spectroscopic elucidations. By exploiting a Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction strategy, we successfully developed a new series of galactosylated dendrimers 20, 21, 22, and 24 containing 6, 12, 18, and 18 peripheral galactose units, respectively. We are first to report the practical synthesis of 9-peripheral galactose coated glycodentromer 23 (0th generation) and 27-peripheral galactose coated glycodentromer 25 (1st generation). These synthesized scaffolds were characterized by spectral studies such as 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS, HRMS and SEC analysis. Additionally, gel permeation chromatography depicted the regular progression in size from 6 to 27-peripheral galactose coated glycodendrimers along with glycodentromers, with their high monodispersity. Also, the glyco-dendrimers and dentromers synthesized from two different hypercore units i.e. dendrimers core (18) and dentromer core (19), have been supported by their UV-visible absorbance and emission spectroscopy. A proficient double stage convergent approach has been exploited for an easy access of galactose coated novel glycodendrimers and dentromers under CuAAC click condition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K. Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Anoop S. Singh.
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Rishav Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
| | - Vinod K. Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Centre of Advanced Study
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
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Concellón A, Termine R, Golemme A, Romero P, Marcos M, Serrano JL. Semiconducting and electropolymerizable liquid crystalline carbazole-containing porphyrin-core dendrimers. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have successfully synthesized porphyrin-core dendrimers with peripheral carbazole moieties, which can be electrochemically crosslinked. Moreover, these dendrimers exhibit discotic nematic liquid crystal phases with high hole mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Concellón
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Roberto Termine
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
| | - Attilio Golemme
- LASCAMM CR-INSTM
- CNR-NANOTEC Lab LiCryL
- Dipartimento di Fisica
- Universitá della Calabria
- 87036 Rende
| | - Pilar Romero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Mercedes Marcos
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - José Luis Serrano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC
- 50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
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Bao X, Rodriguez J, Bonne D. Bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C-C stereogenic axes. Chem Sci 2019; 11:403-408. [PMID: 32153755 PMCID: PMC7021203 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C–C stereogenic axes. These are controlled by a two-fold central-to-axial chirality conversion upon oxidative aromatization.
We report the bidirectional enantioselective synthesis of bis-benzofuran atropisomeric oligoarenes featuring two distal C–C stereogenic axes obtained by a two-fold central-to-axial chirality conversion upon oxidative aromatization. The key enantioenriched centrally chiral bis-dihydrobenzofuran precursors were synthesized via a bidirectional diastereo- and enantio-selective organocatalyzed domino reaction between simple achiral and easily accessible dihydroxylated aromatics and chloronitroalkenes. Moreover, the stereodivergent nature of the methodology was established by synthesizing both diastereomers of a non-symmetrically functionalized bis-axially chiral oligoarene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Bao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310014 , China
| | - Jean Rodriguez
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS , Centrale Marseille , iSm2 , Marseille , France . ;
| | - Damien Bonne
- Aix Marseille Université , CNRS , Centrale Marseille , iSm2 , Marseille , France . ;
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Maroto-Diaz M, Sanz del Olmo N, Garcia-Gallego S, Gómez R, Ortega P, de la Mata FJ. Synthesis and structural characterization of carbosilane ruthenium(II) metallodendrons containing cymene units. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Bondareva J, Rozhkov V, Kachala VV, Fetyukhin V, Lukin O. An optimized divergent synthesis of sulfonimide-based dendrimers achieving the fifth generation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1676909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bondareva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
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50
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Molina N, Nájera F, Guadix JA, Perez-Pomares JM, Vida Y, Perez-Inestrosa E. Synthesis of Amino Terminal Clicked Dendrimers. Approaches to the Application as a Biomarker. J Org Chem 2019; 84:10197-10208. [PMID: 31310119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present an easy and efficient synthesis of amino terminal dendrons, combining protection/deprotection reactions with copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition in a convergent way. This new approach affords dendrons in gram scale with excellent yields and easy purification. By choosing the appropriate azido-functionalized core, these dendrons lead to a more efficient and controlled convergent synthesis of dendrimers with different sizes and shapes and multivalence. The amino terminal dendrimers were analyzed by diffusion-ordered spectroscopy experiments. The observed dendrimer size is in excellent correlation with the expected size and shape by molecular dynamic simulations. The construction of these kinds of nanostructures, in a simple and efficient way, opens new opportunities for biomedical applications. Moreover, by choosing the appropriate core, these versatile macromolecules become an excellent fluorescent biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Molina
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
| | - Francisco Nájera
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan A Guadix
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Biología Animal , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
| | - Jose M Perez-Pomares
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Biología Animal , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
| | - Yolanda Vida
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
| | - Ezequiel Perez-Inestrosa
- Universidad de Málaga-IBIMA , Departamento de Química Orgánica , Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain.,Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología-BIONAND , Parque Tecnológico de Andalucı́a , C/ Severo Ochoa 35 , 29590 , Campanillas, Málaga , Spain
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