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Dose-Related Regulatory Effect of Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract on Cecal Microbiota Activity, Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Rats Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fats. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020354. [PMID: 36678224 PMCID: PMC9865883 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The amount of berry polyphenols required to exert health-promoting effects seems to be difficult to achieve by fresh fruit ingestion, so polyphenol-rich extracts could be considered a dietary alternative. In the present study, laboratory rats were fed high-fat diets supplemented with 0.1 or 0.3% raspberry polyphenols from pomace, with the former dose reflecting the amount of polyphenols consumed with a glass of fresh raspberries. It was hypothesized that beneficial changes in blood and hepatic tissue related to lipid metabolism would accompany both treatments, but the health-promoting effect would be more noticeable with the higher dose of extract. This hypothesis was confirmed, and the high dose of raspberry polyphenols was better than the low dose extract in terms of decreased epididymal white adipose tissue weight, hepatic triglyceride content, PPARγ and SREBP-1c expression in the liver, and plasma IL-6 concentration, as well as increased acetic acid concentration in the cecal digesta. These effects might be partially associated with the enhanced content of ellagitannin and anthocyanin metabolites found in the blood plasma of rats administered the high dose of the extract. The results showed that this extract could be considered a dietary vehicle to provide an amount of raspberry polyphenols that could promote health.
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Fotschki B, Wiczkowski W, Sawicki T, Sójka M, Myszczyński K, Ognik K, Juśkiewicz J. Stimulation of the intestinal microbiota with prebiotics enhances hepatic levels of dietary polyphenolic compounds, lipid metabolism and antioxidant status in healthy rats. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Erinle TJ, Adewole DI. Fruit pomaces-their nutrient and bioactive components, effects on growth and health of poultry species, and possible optimization techniques. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 9:357-377. [PMID: 35600557 PMCID: PMC9110891 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing human population, coupled with the exigent need to meet the increasing demand for poultry meat and egg, has put the onus on poultry nutritionists and farmers to identify alternative feed ingredients that could assure the least-cost feed formulation. In addition, the public desire for non-antibiotic-treated poultry products has also necessitated the ultimate search for potent antibiotic alternatives for use in poultry production. While some identified alternatives are promising, their cost implications and technical know-how requirements may discourage their ease of adoption in poultry. The use of plants and/or their by-products, like fruit pomaces, present a pocket-friendly advantage and as a result, are gaining much interest. This is traceable to their rich phytochemical profile, nutritional composition, ready availability, and relatively cheap cost. The fruit juice and wine pressing industries generate a plethora of fruit wastes annually. Interestingly, fruit pomaces contain appreciable dietary fibre, protein, and phenolic compounds, and thus, their adoption could serve the poultry industry in dual capacities including as substitutes to antibiotics and some conventional feedstuff. Thus, there is a possibility to reduce fruit wastes produced and feed-cost in poultry farming from environmental and economical standpoints, respectively. This review seeks to provide reinforcing evidence on the applicability and impact of fruit pomaces in poultry nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo J Erinle
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - Deborah I Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Canada
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Li Y, Zhu L, Guo C, Xue M, Xia F, Wang Y, Jia D, Li L, Gao Y, Shi Y, He Y, Yuan C. Dietary Intake of Hydrolyzable Tannins and Condensed Tannins to Regulate Lipid Metabolism. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:1789-1802. [PMID: 34967286 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666211229112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorder is a multifactor issue, which contributes to several serious health consequences, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver etc. Tannins, applied as natural derived plant, are commonly used in the study of lipid metabolism disease with excellent safety and effectiveness, while producing less toxic and side effects. Meanwhile, recognition of the significance of dietary tannins in lipid metabolism disease prevention has increased. As suggested by existing evidence, dietary tannins can reduce lipid accumulation, block adipocyte differentiation, enhance antioxidant capacity, increase the content of short-chain fatty acids, and lower blood lipid levels, thus alleviating lipid metabolism disorder. This study is purposed to sum up and analyze plenty of documents on tannins, so as to provide the information required to assess the lipid metabolism of tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyang Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Leiqi Zhu
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Chong Guo
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Mengzhen Xue
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Fangqi Xia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Dengke Jia
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Luoying Li
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yuming He
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges, Yichang, China
| | - Chengfu Yuan
- College of Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of China Three Gorges, Yichang, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumour Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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Hendawy O, Gomaa HA, Hussein S, Alzarea SI, Qasim S, Abdel Rahman FEZS, Ali AT, Ahmed SR. Cold-pressed raspberry seeds oil ameliorates high-fat diet triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:1303-1313. [PMID: 34819792 PMCID: PMC8596288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered one of the most serious public health problems affecting liver. The reported beneficial impact of raspberries on obesity and associated metabolic disorder makes it a suitable candidate against NAFLD. In the current study, the chemical profile of raspberry seed oil (RO) was characterized by analysis of fatty acid and tocopherol contents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in addition to the determination of total phenolic and flavonoids. High levels of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (49.9%), α-linolenic acid (25.98%), and oleic acid (17.6%), along with high total tocopherol content (184 mg/100 gm) were detected in oil. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in RO were estimated to be 22.40 ± 0.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 mg oil and 1.34 ± 0.15 mg quercetin (QU)/100 mg, respectively. Anti-NAFLD efficacy of RO at different doses (0.4 and 0.8 mL) in a model of a high-fat diet (HFD) fed rats was assessed by estimating lipid profile, liver enzyme activity, glucose and insulin levels as well as adipokines and inflammatory marker. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which is a molecular target for NAFLD was also tested. Liver histopathology was carried out and its homogenate was used to estimate oxidative stress markers. Consumption of RO significantly improved lipid parameters and hepatic enzyme activities, reduced insulin resistance and glucose levels, significantly ameliorated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, RO treatment significantly modulated adipokines activities and elevated PPARγ levels. Raspberry seed oil administration significantly improved these HFD induced histopathological alterations. Moreover, a molecular docking study was performed on the identified fatty acids and tocopherols. Among the identified compounds, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid and γ-tocopherol exhibited the highest docking score as PPARγ activator posing them as a potential anti-NAFLD drug leads. Study findings suggest RO as an effective therapeutic candidate for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Hendawy
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hesham A.M. Gomaa
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Qasim
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Asmaa T. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa R. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, KasrEl‐Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
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Interference of dietary polyphenols with potentially toxic amino acid metabolites derived from the colonic microbiota. Amino Acids 2021; 54:311-324. [PMID: 34235577 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Each day, varying amounts of undigested or partially digested proteins reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota, resulting in the formation of compounds such as ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, phenol, indole, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). In farm animals, the excessive production of these metabolites can affect the quality of meat and milk and is a source of contaminating emissions from animal manure. In humans, their accumulation is potentially harmful, and it has been proposed that they could be involved in the development of pathologies such as colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis, among others. This review assesses the evidence supporting the use of dietary polyphenols to reduce the production of these metabolites. Most studies have used condensed (proanthocyanidins) or hydrolyzable (ellagitannins and gallotannins) tannins, and have been carried out in farm animals. Several show that the administration of tannins in pigs, chicken, and ruminants decreases the levels of ammonia, p-cresol, skatole, and/or H2S, improving meat/milk quality and reducing manure odor. Direct application of tannins to manure also decreases ammonia emissions. Few studies were carried out in rats and humans and their results confirm, to a lesser extent, those reported in farm animals. These effects would be due to the capacity of tannins to trap ammonia and H2S, and to modify the composition of the microbiota, reducing the bacterial populations producing metabolites. In addition, PACs prevent p-cresol and H2S-induced alterations on intestinal cells in vitro. Tannins, therefore, appear as an interesting tool for improving the quality of animal products, human health, and the harmful emissions associated with breeding.
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Fructo-Oligosaccharides and Pectins Enhance Beneficial Effects of Raspberry Polyphenols in Rats with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030833. [PMID: 33802455 PMCID: PMC8001257 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nonalcoholic fatty liver disorders have become one of the most common liver pathologies; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the dietary compounds that may support the regulation of liver metabolism and related inflammatory processes. The present study examines the effect of raspberry polyphenolic extract (RE) combined with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOSs) or pectins (PECs) on caecal microbial fermentation, liver lipid metabolism and inflammation in rats with fatty liver induced by an obesogenic diet. The combination of RE with FOSs or PECs reduced the production of short-chain fatty acids in the caecum. RE combined with FOSs exerted the most favourable effects on liver lipid metabolism by decreasing liver fat, cholesterol, triglyceride content and hepatic steatosis. RE and FOSs reduced lobular and portal inflammatory cell infiltration and IL-6 plasma levels. These effects might be related to a decrease in the hepatic expressions of PPARγ and ANGPTL4. In conclusion, PECs and FOSs enhanced the effects of RE against disorders related to nonalcoholic fatty liver; however, the most effective dietary treatment in the regulation of liver lipid metabolism and inflammation caused by an obesogenic diet was the combination of RE with FOSs.
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Free, soluble-bound and insoluble-bound phenolics and their bioactivity in raspberry pomace. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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da Silva DT, Rodrigues RF, Machado NM, Maurer LH, Ferreira LF, Somacal S, da Veiga ML, Rocha MIDUMD, Vizzotto M, Rodrigues E, Barcia MT, Emanuelli T. Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)-based blueberry extracts protect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109718. [PMID: 33292963 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blueberry is a polyphenol-rich fruit bearing great bioactive potential. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) emerged as putatively biocompatible solvents that could substitute for toxic organic solvents in the extraction of fruit phenolic compounds for developing nutraceuticals or functional foods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective effects and the biocompatibility of a blueberry crude extract (CE) obtained using NADES and of the extract fractions (anthocyanin-rich fraction - ARF; non-anthocyanin phenolic fraction - NAPF) in a model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. CE was the NADES-containing, ready-to-use extract that was obtained using choline chloride:glycerol:citric acid NADES (0.5:2:0.5 M ratio). ARF and NAPF were the NADES-free fractions obtained by solid phase purification of CE and were investigated to identify the bioactive fraction responsible for the effects of CE. Animals were treated for 14 days with water, NADES vehicle, CE, ARF, NAPF or lansoprazole (intragastric) and then received ethanol to induce gastric ulcer. CE decreased ulcer index and preserved the integrity of gastric mucosa. The pretreatment with CE or ARF reduced glutathione depletion and the inflammatory response. All treatments, including NADES vehicle reduced protein oxidation and nitric oxide overproduction in ethanol-treated rats. Additionally, ARF increased short-chain fatty acids in feces. These findings suggest that NADES can be used to obtain biocompatible extracts of blueberry that exhibit gastroprotective effects with no need of solvent removal. The gastroprotective effects were mainly associated to ARF but NAPF and even NADES vehicle also contributed to some protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariane Trivisiol da Silva
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Fritzsche Rodrigues
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Minuzzi Machado
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Lauren Fresinghelli Ferreira
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Somacal
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Leite da Veiga
- Department of Morphology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Vizzotto
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Temperate Climate, 96010-971 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliseu Rodrigues
- Natural Antioxidants Laboratory, Food Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Milene Teixeira Barcia
- Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Emanuelli
- Postgraduate Program on Pharmacology, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Department of Food Technology and Science, Center of Rural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Islam MR, Hassan YI, Das Q, Lepp D, Hernandez M, Godfrey DV, Orban S, Ross K, Delaquis P, Diarra MS. Dietary organic cranberry pomace influences multiple blood biochemical parameters and cecal microbiota in pasture-raised broiler chickens. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Colombino E, Ferrocino I, Biasato I, Cocolin LS, Prieto-Botella D, Zduńczyk Z, Jankowski J, Milala J, Kosmala M, Fotschki B, Capucchio MT, Juśkiewicz J. Dried fruit pomace inclusion in poultry diet: growth performance, intestinal morphology and physiology. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32577234 PMCID: PMC7304194 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fruit pomaces are by-products rich in polyphenol compounds and dietary fiber. They seem to play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, morphology and physiology. The aim of this study was to assess whether apple (A), blackurrant (B) or strawberry (S) pomaces could be suitable ingredients in broiler diets and their effect on gut health. A total of 480 male broilers were randomly allotted to 8 dietary treatments with lower (3%-L) or higher (6%-H) dietary fiber content: two control groups (CL/CH), two A diets (AL/AH), two B diets (BL/BH), two S diets (SL/SH). Diet and fruit pomaces were chemically analyzed to assess polyphenol concentration and fibre fraction content. After the evaluation of growth performance, 6 birds/group were slaughtered at 35 days of age. Morphometric and histopathological investigations were performed on duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Excreta were collected to perform microbiota evaluation by 16S DNA sequencing. Weight, viscosity, enzymatic activity, short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) and ammonia concentration were determined in ileum and/or ceca content. Results A pomace and A diets showed the lowest polyphenol content and the highest content of soluble fibre fraction. No significant differences were observed for growth performance, gut morphometry and histopathology (P > 0.05). Dietary fruit pomace inclusion increased the weight of ileum and ceca and the ileum digesta viscosity (P < 0.05). In the ileum, A and S groups showed lower bacterial α-glucosidase activity than C groups. Moreover, small intestine SCFAs concentration was higher in fruit pomaces diets (P < 0.05). In ceca, B and S groups showed lower ammonia concentration and higher SCFAs than C. Dietary treatments also influenced the activity of α-glucosidase, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase β-glucuronidase and xylase. Regarding microbiota, at phylum level, Firmicutes were differentially abundant across treatment (maximum for C and minimum in S, FDR > 0.05). At genus level, an increase of Weissella in AH and Erwinia in S/B diets, as well as a decrease of Lactobacillus in all fruit pomace groups were recorded (P < 0.05). Conclusions Fruit pomaces could be suitable ingredients in poultry nutrition even if further studies are needed to better understand which doses is more recommended to avoid negative effects on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Colombino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilario Ferrocino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Simone Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniel Prieto-Botella
- Research Team on Occupational Therapy (InTeO), Department of Surgery and Pathology, University Miguel Hernandez of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jan Jankowski
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Chemical Technology of Food, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Turin, Italy
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland
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Majewski M, Kucharczyk E, Kaliszan R, Markuszewski M, Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Borkowska-Sztachańska M, Ognik K. The Characterization of Ground Raspberry Seeds and the Physiological Response to Supplementation in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1630. [PMID: 32492905 PMCID: PMC7352221 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective role of ground raspberry seeds (RBS) as a source of polyphenols and essential fatty acids on blood plasma enzymatic antioxidant status, lipid profile, and endothelium-intact vasodilation during physiological and pathological conditions. Young normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at ten weeks of age were fed with either a control diet or were supplemented with added 7% RBS for six weeks (n = 6). The main component of RBS was dietary fiber (64%) and the main polyphenols were ellagitannins (1.2%) and flavan-3-ols (0.45%). Irrespective of the rat model, ground RBS decreased liver enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (0.9-fold) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging capacity (Catalase, 0.9-fold). In supplemented SHRs, preincubation with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor 1400W, nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin, selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398, prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis inhibitor tranylcypromine (TCP), thromboxane receptor (TP) antagonist SQ-29548, thromboxane synthesis inhibitor furegrelate, and 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor HET0016 induced the same relaxant response to acetylcholine as in the nonsupplemented control group. In supplemented WKYs, atherogenic index was decreased (0.8-fold), while iNOS and COX-2-derived PGI2 increased acetylcholine-induced vasodilation. These effects of ground RBS may constitute a potential mechanism for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Majewski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa Kucharczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UWM, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Roman Kaliszan
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Michał Markuszewski
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland; (R.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (J.J.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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The Antioxidants Glutathione, Ascorbic Acid and Uric Acid Maintain Butyrate Production by Human Gut Clostridia in The Presence of Oxygen In Vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7705. [PMID: 32382092 PMCID: PMC7205886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled oxidative stress, reported in Salmonella and HIV infections, colorectal cancer or severe acute malnutrition, has been associated with anaerobic gut microbiome alteration, impaired butyrate production, mucosal immunity dysregulation and disruption of host-bacterial mutualism. However, the role of major antioxidant molecules in the human body, such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and uric acid, has been neglected in this context. Here, we performed an in vitro metabolomics study of the 3 most odorous anaerobic microbes isolated from the human gut in our laboratory (Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium subterminale and Romboutsia lituseburensis) when grown in anaerobiosis or in aerobiosis with these 3 antioxidant molecules via gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS and LC/MS). There was no growth or volatile organic compound production in aerobic cultures without the 3 antioxidant molecules. In anaerobiosis, the major metabolic products of the bacteria were thiols, alcohols and short-chain fatty acid esters. The production of alkanes, cycloheptatriene and, paradoxically, increased butyrate production, was observed in the cultures grown in aerobiosis with the 3 antioxidant molecules. The qualitative shift suggests specific molecular mechanisms that remain to be elucidated. The increased production of butyrate, but also isobutyrate and isovalerate in vitro suggests that these 3 antioxidant molecules contributed to the maintenance and active resilience of host-bacterial mutualism against mucosal oxygen and uncontrolled oxidative stress in vivo.
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Pan P, Zhu Z, Oshima K, Aldakkak M, Tsai S, Huang YW, Dong W, Zhang J, Lin CW, Wang Y, Yearsley M, Yu J, Wang LS. Black raspberries suppress pancreatic cancer through modulation of NKp46 +, CD8 +, and CD11b + immune cells. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020; 1:70-82. [PMID: 32368735 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal disease with a low survival rate (9%). Epidemiologic studies show that healthy dietary patterns enriched of fruits and vegetables lower the risk of PDAC. We previously showed that supplementing black raspberries (BRBs) to patients with colorectal cancer increased tumor-infiltrating NK cells and their cytotoxicity. We aimed to determine whether BRBs combat PDAC by modulating cancer immunity. NOD.SCID mice lacking T and B cells were injected with human Panc-1-Luc cells orthotopically, and immunocompetent Kras LSL.G12D/+ -Trp53 LSL.R172H/+ -Pdx-1-Cre mice were fed BRBs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from PDAC patients were treated with butyrate, a microbial metabolite of BRBs. The absence of T and B cells did not dampen BRBs' anti-tumor effects in the NOD.SCID mice. In the Kras LSL.G12D/+ -Trp53 LSL.R172H/+ -Pdx-1-Cre mice, BRBs significantly prolonged survival (189 days versus 154 days). In both models, BRBs decreased tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ cells and the expression of IL-1β, sEH, and Ki67. BRBs also increased tumor-infiltrating NKp46+ cells and the expression of CD107a, a functional marker of cytolytic NK and CD8+ T cells. In Kras LSL.G12D/+ -Trp53 LSL.R172H/+ -Pdx-1-Cre mice, tumor infiltration of CD8+ T cells was increased by BRBs. Further using the PBMCs from PDAC patients, we show that butyrate decreased the population of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Butyrate also reversed CD11b+ cell-mediated suppression on CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, there is a negative association between MDSC changes and patients' survival, suggesting that the more decrease in MDSC population induced by butyrate treatment, the longer the patient had survived. Our study suggests the immune-modulating potentials of BRBs in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute
| | | | | | - Susan Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Wenjuan Dong
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Science of Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | - Youwei Wang
- The James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University
| | | | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center and Beckman Research Institute
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin
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15
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Żyżelewicz D, Oracz J, Bojczuk M, Budryn G, Jurgoński A, Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z. Effects of Raw and Roasted Cocoa Bean Extracts Supplementation on Intestinal Enzyme Activity, Biochemical Parameters, and Antioxidant Status in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040889. [PMID: 32218245 PMCID: PMC7231118 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of diet containing the polyphenol-rich material on intestinal enzyme activity, oxidative stress markers, lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of laboratory rats. The animals were fed high-fat diet supplemented with freeze-dried water extracts of raw and roasted cocoa beans of Forastero variety. The observed changes indicated the biological activity of polyphenols and other components of the prepared cocoa beans extracts (CBEs). The presence of raw and roasted CBEs in the diets diversified the activity of the enzymes of the cecal microflora of rats. Both CBEs beneficially affect the antioxidant status of the serum, even in relation to the control standard group. The experimental cocoa bean preparations showed no significant effect on the mass of rats' liver, heart, and kidneys, but varied some parameters of the antioxidant status of their organisms. The raw CBE in rats fed with the high-fat diet shows a high ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in heart and more effectively increases hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations compared to the roasted CBE, which did not show any significant effect. Moreover, supplementation with both CBEs significantly affects the volatile fatty acids concentration in the rats' cecum. Results of this study contribute to the evidence that dietary supplementation with raw and roasted CBEs can exert health-promoting effects, however further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Żyżelewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.O.); (M.B.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426313461
| | - Joanna Oracz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.O.); (M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Bojczuk
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.O.); (M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Grażyna Budryn
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (J.O.); (M.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.J.); (J.J.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.J.); (J.J.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Department of Biological Functions of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.J.); (J.J.); (Z.Z.)
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16
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Sawicki T, Topolska J, Bączek N, Szawara-Nowak D, Juśkiewicz J, Wiczkowski W. Characterization of the profile and concentration of betacyanin in the gastric content, blood and urine of rats after an intragastric administration of fermented red beet juice. Food Chem 2020; 313:126169. [PMID: 31945698 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the profile and level of betacyanins in the gastric content, blood (portal and main veins) and urine of rats after an intragastric administration of fermented red beet juice with various betacyanin doses. Samples were collected within 2 h after juice administration into the stomachs, separated from the digestive tract of a living rat. In the gastric content, betacyanins administered underwent intensive degradation and changes in their profile, as a result of the conditions prevailing in the stomach and the intensity of the absorption process. Detection of 19 betacyanins (8 native compounds and 11 metabolites) in rats' physiological fluids with the HPLC-MS/MS method proves betacyanin absorption from the stomach. In addition, the study results suggest that betacyanin dose affects the rate and extent of betacyanin degradation in the gastric content, as well as the intensity of absorption, metabolism and excretion of these pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sawicki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Wieslaw Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
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17
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Cires MJ, Navarrete P, Pastene E, Carrasco-Pozo C, Valenzuela R, Medina DA, Andriamihaja M, Beaumont M, Blachier F, Gotteland M. Effect of a proanthocyanidin-rich polyphenol extract from avocado on the production of amino acid-derived bacterial metabolites and the microbiota composition in rats fed a high-protein diet. Food Funct 2020; 10:4022-4035. [PMID: 31218325 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00700h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of high-protein diets (HPDs) increases the flux of undigested proteins moving to the colon. These proteins are hydrolyzed by bacterial proteases and peptidases, releasing amino acids, which in turn are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota (IM) for protein synthesis and production of various metabolites that can exert positive or deleterious effects, depending on their concentrations, at the colonic or systemic level. On the other hand, proanthocyanidins are polymers of flavan-3-ols which cannot be absorbed at the intestinal level, accumulating in the colon where they are fermented by the IM producing metabolites that appear beneficial for colonocytes and also at the peripheral level. This study evaluated the effect of an avocado peel polyphenol extract (AvPPE) rich in proanthocyanidins on the production of cecal bacterial metabolites and microbiota composition in rats fed a HPD. Compared with the normal-protein (NP) group, HPD did not markedly affect the body weight gain of the animals, but increased the kidney weight. Additionally, the HPD induced a higher cecal concentration of ammonia (NH4+/NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). The supplementation with AvPPE attenuated the production of H2S and increased the production of indole. On the other hand, the HPD affected the composition of the cecal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of the genera Bacteroides and Lactobacillus, while decreasing Prevotella. The AvPPE counteracted the increase induced by the HPD on the genus Lactobacillus, and increased the relative abundance of [Prevotella]. Our results contribute towards explaining the health-promoting effects of proanthocyanidin-rich dietary foodstuffs including fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Cires
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile
| | - Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile.
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, San Sebastian University, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt 5501842, Chile
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- UMR PNCA, AgroParisTech, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, France and GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Martin Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile. and Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Chile and Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Żary-Sikorska E, Kosmala M, Milala J, Fotschki B, Ognik K, Juśkiewicz J. Concentrations of Blood Serum and Urinal Ellagitannin Metabolites Depend Largely on the Post-Intake Time and Duration of Strawberry Phenolics Ingestion in Rats. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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19
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de Sousa AR, de Castro Moreira ME, Grancieri M, Toledo RCL, de Oliveira Araújo F, Mantovani HC, Queiroz VAV, Martino HSD. Extruded sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) improves gut microbiota, reduces inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese rats fed a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Fotschki B, Jurgonski A, Fotschki J, Majewski M, Ognik K, Juskiewicz J. Dietary Chicory Inulin-Rich Meal Exerts Greater Healing Effects than Fructooligosaccharide Preparation in Rats with Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid-Induced Necrotic Colitis. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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21
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Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Kosmala M, Milala J, Zduńczyk Z, Markowski J. Grinding levels of raspberry pomace affect intestinal microbial activity, lipid and glucose metabolism in Wistar rats. Food Res Int 2019; 120:399-406. [PMID: 31000255 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the effect of raspberry pomace and its grinding level on microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract as well as on the parameters involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in Wistar rats. The nutritional experiment was performed using 24 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 3 groups of 8 animals each. The animals were fed a standard diet (C) or a modified diet containing 7% raspberry pomace subjected to standard (SG) or fine (FG) grinding. Finer grinding increased the concentration of polyphenols and altered the composition of the dietary fibre, thereby affecting the intestinal microbial activity and related mechanisms that regulate systemic parameters. The FG diet considerably increased the level of total ellagitannin metabolites in the colon (23.56 μg/g for SG and 79.54 μg/g for FG) and plasma (0.029 μg/mL for SG and 0.041 μg/mL for FG) and reduced β-glucuronidase and α-glucosidase activity (19.2 and 19.7 for SG and 13.3 and 8.7 μmol/h/g for FG, respectively) and short-chain fatty acid production (55.84 μmol/g for SG and 48.60 μmol/g for FG) in the caecum. Compared to the SG, the FG diet improved the antioxidant capacity of water-soluble substances in plasma (4.34 μg/mL for SG and 4.92 μg/mL for FG). Both diets with raspberry pomaces increased the plasma HDL cholesterol (0.48 mmol/L for C, 0.56 mmol/L for SG, 0.57 mmol/L for FG) and decreased the atherogenic index (AI = (TC-HDL)/HDL: 2.57 for C, 1.98 for SG, 2.00 for FG). The FG diet resulted in the lowest plasma glucose level (10.8 mmol/L for C, 8.2 mmol/L for SG, 7.3 mmol/L for FG). In conclusion, both diets with raspberry pomaces modulated intestinal microbial activity and related systemic parameters; however, FG pomace exhibited greater inhibitory effects than SG pomace in the lower gut environment and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika Kosmala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Joanna Milala
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jarosław Markowski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland
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22
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Fotschki B, Laparra JM, Sójka M. Raspberry Polyphenolic Extract Regulates Obesogenic Signals in Hepatocytes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092103. [PMID: 30134638 PMCID: PMC6225237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the effect of raspberry polyphenolic extract on the immune-metabolic molecular mechanisms activated by obesity-related signals in hepatocytes (HB-8965®). Alterations in endosomal/lysosomal activity (neutral red uptake assay, NR), the expression of selected genes involved with lipid oxidation, and metabolism and inflammation processes in the liver were studied. Hepatocytes were treated with plasma collected from Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HF), raspberry polyphenolic extract (PP), serine-type protease inhibitors as an agonist of TLR4 (TD) or a combination of PP with HF or TD treatments. The PP added to the experimental treatments modulated hepatic immune-metabolic mechanisms through the upregulation of STAT1, ANGPTL4, and CD44, as well as considerably reducing the NR uptake and downregulation of COX-2 and the multifunctional protein AhR. The kinetic analysis of AhR expression revealed that HF-related molecular mechanisms activated AhR mRNA expression earlier than PP initiated the regulatory effect. In conclusion, PP might be considered a valuable dietary agent that regulates obesity-related signals in hepatocytes. Moreover, taking AhR kinetic behavior into consideration, it can be assumed that PP might modulate the severity of the HF-induced downstream metabolic signaling of AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - José Moisés Laparra
- Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Technical University of Łódź, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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23
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Sawicki T, Topolska J, Romaszko E, Wiczkowski W. Profile and Content of Betalains in Plasma and Urine of Volunteers after Long-Term Exposure to Fermented Red Beet Juice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4155-4163. [PMID: 29638119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine profile and content of betalains in volunteers' plasma and urine after long-term exposure to fermented red beet juice. During 6 weeks, 24 healthy volunteers consumed juice with a dose of 0.7 mg betalains/kg body weight. Betalains were analyzed by means of micro-HPLC-MS/MS. Twelve betalain derivatives were found in blood plasma and urine after juice intake. The highest betalains level in blood plasma (87.65 ± 15.71 nmol/L) and urine (1.14 ± 0.12 μmol) was found after the first and second week of juice intake, respectively. During juice consumption, the contribution of betalain metabolites was higher than that of native betalains, and interindividual variability in profile and content of betalains was observed. Summarizing, it was observed that long-term and regular consumption of the juice causes stabilization of profile and content of betalains in physiological fluids of volunteers, which include native compounds and their decarboxylated and dehydrogenated metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sawicki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str. , 10-748 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str. , 10-748 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Ewa Romaszko
- NZOZ Atarax, 1 Maja 3 Str. , 10-117 Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str. , 10-748 Olsztyn , Poland
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24
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Amawi H, Ashby CR, Tiwari AK. Cancer chemoprevention through dietary flavonoids: what's limiting? CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017. [PMID: 28629389 PMCID: PMC5477375 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-017-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenols that are found in numerous edible plant species. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that specific flavonoids are chemo-preventive and cytotoxic against various cancers via a multitude of mechanisms. However, the clinical use of flavonoids is limited due to challenges associated with their effective use, including (1) the isolation and purification of flavonoids from their natural resources; (2) demonstration of the effects of flavonoids in reducing the risk of certain cancer, in tandem with the cost and time needed for epidemiological studies, and (3) numerous pharmacokinetic challenges (e.g., bioavailability, drug–drug interactions, and metabolic instability). Currently, numerous approaches are being used to surmount some of these challenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of flavonoids being used as chemo-preventive drugs in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the most important challenges and efforts that are being made to surmount these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11432, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43560, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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25
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Fotschki B, Juśkiewicz J, Jurgoński A, Rigby N, Sójka M, Kołodziejczyk K, Mackie A, Zduńczyk Z. Raspberry pomace alters cecal microbial activity and reduces secondary bile acids in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 46:13-20. [PMID: 28437712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The profile of bile acids (BA) largely depends on the enzymatic activity of the microbiota, but this can be modulated by the dietary addition of biologically active compounds, e.g., polyphenols and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary raspberry pomace as a rich source of biologically active compounds on microbial activity and the BA profile in the caecum of rats fed a high-fat diet. Wistar rats were fed the standard diet AIN-93, a high-fat diet or a modified high-fat diet enriched with 7% different types of processed raspberry pomaces produced by standard grinding and fine grinding, with or without seeds. Rats fed the high-fat diet for 8 weeks showed some disorders in liver function and cecal BA, as manifested by an increased concentration of cholesterol, total BA in the liver and cholic, deoxycholic, and β-muricholic acids in the cecal digesta. In general, irrespective of the type of raspberry pomace, these dietary preparations decreased liver cholesterol, hepatic fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, cecal ammonia and favorable changed BA profile in the cecum. However, among all dietary pomaces, the finely ground preparation containing seeds had the greatest beneficial effect on the caecum by modulating bacterial activity and reducing the levels of secondary BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Neil Rigby
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michał Sójka
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Alan Mackie
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom; School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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