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Li Y, Lu Y, Nian M, Sheng Q, Zhang C, Han C, Dou X, Ding Y. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in treating fibrotic liver disease. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:643-657. [PMID: 37777315 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, and also the leading cause of liver-related death worldwide. During the treatment of liver fibrosis, in addition to antiviral therapy or removal of inducers, there remains a lack of specific and effective treatment strategies. For thousands of years, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used to treat liver fibrosis in clinical setting. CHMs are effective for liver fibrosis, though its mechanisms of action are unclear. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine the possible mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating liver fibrosis. There have been substantial improvements in the experimental investigation of CHMs which have greatly promoted the understanding of anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms. In this review, the role of CHMs in the treatment of liver fibrosis is described, based on studies over the past decade, which has addressed the various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate therapeutic efficacy. Among them, inhibition of stellate cell activation is identified as the most common mechanism. This article provides insights into the research direction of CHMs, in order to expand its clinical application range and improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yunrui Lu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Mozuo Nian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Qiuju Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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Xu L, Cui H. Yinchenhao Tang alleviates high fat diet induced NAFLD by increasing NR1H4 and APOA1 expression. J Tradit Complement Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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Hsueh TP, Tsai TH. Exploration of sodium homeostasis and pharmacokinetics in bile duct-ligated rats treated by anti-cirrhosis herbal formula plus spironolactone. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1092657. [PMID: 36744253 PMCID: PMC9889864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1092657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal sodium retention is an essential indicator that is used for the prognosis of cirrhosis with ascites that requires diuretic treatment to restore sodium homeostasis. The diuretic effects of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) alone or in combination with diuretics for sodium retention in patients with cirrhosis have not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the diuretic effects and sodium retention caused by YCHT with spironolactone, from both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic perspective, in bile duct-ligated rats. The HPLC method was validated and utilized for the pharmacokinetic analysis of rat urine. Urine samples were collected and analyzed every 4 hours for 32 h after oral administration of YCHT at 1 or 3 g/kg daily for 5 days in bile duct-ligated rats. A dose of 20 mg/kg spironolactone was also administered to pretreat the YCHT 1 g/kg or the 3 g/kg group on the 5th day to explore the interaction of the two treatments. Urine sodium, potassium, weight, volume, and spironolactone and canrenone levels were measured to investigate fluid homeostasis after the coadministration. The linearity, precision, and accuracy of the HPLC method were suitable for subsequent urinary pharmacokinetic analyses. The pharmacokinetic parameters in the 1 g/kg YCHT with spironolactone group revealed that the elimination half-life of the spironolactone metabolite, canrenone, was prolonged. In addition, the cumulative excretion amount, the area under the rate curve (AURC), and the maximum rate of excretion (Rmax) were significantly decreased when the spironolactone group was pretreated with 3 g/kg YCHT. Urinary sodium excretion elicited by spironolactone was suppressed by pretreatment with 1 or 3 g/kg YCHT. The 32-hour urine output was not altered by the administration of YCHT alone, but it was significantly decreased by 64.9% after the coadministration of YCHT with spironolactone. The interaction of spironolactone and YCHT was found to decrease urine sodium-potassium and water excretion, and this change was attributed to the decreased level of spironolactone metabolites and possibly the regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by obstructed cirrhosis. The dose adjustment of YCHT or diuresis monitoring should be noted when co-administering YCHT and spironolactone to treat hepatic diseases clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Pin Hsueh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,School of Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Tung-Hu Tsai,
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Han S, Zhang X, Ding J, Li X, Zhang X, Jiang X, Duan S, Sun B, Hu X, Gao Y. Serum metabolic profiling of rats infected with Clonorchis sinensis using LC-MS/MS method. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1040330. [PMID: 36683702 PMCID: PMC9852996 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1040330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clonorchiasis is an important foodborne parasitic disease. The omics-based-techniques could illuminate parasite biology and further make innovations in the research for parasitic diseases. However, knowledge about the serum metabolic profiles and related metabolic pathways in clonorchiasis is very limited. Methods A untargeted ultra-high performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to profile the serum metabolites of rats at both 4 and 8 weeks post infection (wpi) with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis). Additionally, multivariate statistical analysis methods were employed to identify differential metabolites. Next, serum amino acids and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) levels were determined by targeted metabolomics analysis. Result A total of 10530 and 6560 ions were identified in ESI+ and ESI- modes. The levels of phosphatidylcholines, glycerophosphocholine and choline were significantly changed, with the shift in lipid metabolism. Significant changes were also observed in amino acids (isoleucine, valine, leucine, threonine, glutamate and glutamine). Targeted analysis showed that BCAAs (isoleucine, valine, leucine) levels significantly increased at 4 wpi and decreased at 8 wpi; threonine was increased at 8 wpi, whereas glutamate and glutamine showed a decreasing trend at 8 wpi. Additionally, the level of 17 PCs were significantly changed in infected rats. Marked metabolic pathways were involved in clonorchiasis, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, histidine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Conclusion These results show that C. sinensis infection can cause significant changes in the rat serum metabolism, especially in amino acids and lipids. The metabolic signature together with perturbations in metabolic pathways could provide more in depth understanding of clonorchiasis and further make potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Han
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China,Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Su Han,
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Duan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xinyi Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Laixi People’s Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yannan Gao
- Department of Graduate Studies, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Wei C, Qiu J, Wu Y, Chen Z, Yu Z, Huang Z, Yang K, Hu H, Liu F. Promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease process (cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115550. [PMID: 35863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is mainly characterized by cholestasis. If not treated, it will deteriorate to cholestatic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even liver failure. CLD has a high clinical incidence, and limited treatment with single therapy. In the long-term clinical exploration, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been corroborated with unique therapeutic effects on the CLD process. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This paper summarizes the effective single and compound TCMs for the treatment of CLD. According to 4 important clinical stages of CLD: cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of 5 typical TCM examples are reviewed, aims to provide basis for clinical drug selection in different processes of CLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant scientific articles regarding therapeutic effects of TCM for the CLD were collected from different databases. We collated three single herbs including Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. or Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Yin Chen in Chinese), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch. (Paeoniae radix rubra, Chi Shao in Chinese), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Poria, Fu Ling in Chinese), and two compound herbs of Huang Qi Decoction (HQD) and Yin Chen Hao Decoction (YCHD) to studied and analyzed. RESULTS We proposed five promising TCMs treatments for the important developmental stages of CLD. Among them, Yin Chen is an essential medicine for protecting liver and gallbladder, and its TCM prescription is also a promising strategy for cholestasis. Based on clinical evidence, high-dose application of Chi Shao is a clinical special treatment of cholestasis hepatitis. Fu Ling can regulate immune cells and increase antibody levels in serum, which is expected to be an emerging therapy to prevent cholestatic liver fibrosis to cirrhosis. HQD can be used as routine clinical medicine for liver fibrosis. In addition, YCHD can exert better comprehensive advantages with multiple components, can treat the whole course of CLD and prevent it from developing to the end-stage. CONCLUSION Yin Chen, Chi Shao, Fu Ling, HQD and YCHD have shown good clinical efficacy in controlling the development of CLD. Clinically, it is easier to curb the development of CLD by adopting graded diagnosis and treatment measures. We suggest that CLD should be risk stratified in clinical treatment to ensure personalized treatment for patients, so as to slow down the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Qiu J, Yan J, Liu W, Liu X, Lin J, Du Z, Qi L, Liu J, Xie G, Liu P, Wang X. Metabolomics analysis delineates the therapeutic effects of Huangqi decoction and astragalosides on α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) -induced cholestasis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113658. [PMID: 33307056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestasis caused by bile secretion and excretion disorders is a serious manifestation of liver disease. With limited treatment methods, it affects millions of people worldwide. Huangqi decoction (HQD), an effective traditional Chinese medicine, is used to treat chronic cholestatic liver diseases. However, the action mechanisms of it were not fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to investigate the therapeutic effect of HQD, and its active component, astragalosides, against α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in rats based on targeted metabolomics analysis and revel the potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The therapeutic effect of HQD and astragalosides on ANIT-induced cholestasis model rats were evaluated by serum biochemical analysis. Liver damage was identified by histopathology. The levels of bile acids (BAs) and free fatty acids (FFAs) in serum and liver tissues were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-TQMS). qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to measure the expression of nuclear hormone receptor, membrane receptor and BA transporter protein in cholestatic rats before and after HQD and astragalosides treatment. RESULTS The obtained data showed that the administration of ANIT caused obvious cholestasis with significantly increased intrahepatic retention of hydrophobic BAs and altered FFAs, which were consistent with the liver histopathological and serum biochemical findings. HQD and astragalosides treatment were able to attenuate ANIT-induced BAs and FFAs perturbation, ameliorate the impaired liver function, histopathological ductular reaction, and lipid peroxidation damage by ANIT. Elevated mRNA and protein expression of transporters related to BA metabolism and genes related to lipogenesis and lipid oxidation metabolism in cholestasis were attenuated or normalized by HQD and astragalosides treatment. CONCLUSIONS Intervention by ANIT can significantly change the homeostasis of BAs and FFAs. HQD and astragalosides exerted a hepatoprotective effect against cholestatic liver injury by restoring the altered BA and FFA metabolism through the improvement of BA transporter, nucleus hormone receptor, and membrane receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Qiu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jingyu Yan
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Shanxi Technology and Business College, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xinzhu Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jingchao Lin
- Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
| | - Zeng Du
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Li Qi
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Human Metabolomics Institute, Inc., Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China.
| | - Ping Liu
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- E-institute of Shanghai Municipal Education Committee, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic insights into the mode of action of natural products in the treatment of liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hsueh TP, Tsai TH. Preclinical study of simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang and spironolactone. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 32799863 PMCID: PMC7429772 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence and therapeutic effects of the use of herbal remedies for chronic liver diseases make the combined administration of herbal products with conventional treatment unable to be ignored. This study investigated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions between the herbal formula Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) and spironolactone. METHODS A selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the detection of spironolactone and its metabolite canrenone in rat urine. The interaction study was conducted by collecting urine samples after oral administration of spironolactone alone or in combination with YCHT for 5 days. Urine pharmacokinetic parameters and urinary sodium, potassium, volume, and weight were analyzed. RESULTS The results revealed significant increases in the cumulative amount and the area under the rate curve (AURC) of the metabolite canrenone after pretreatment with the high dose of YCHT. The urine weight and volume were significantly reduced dose-dependently as a result of pretreatment with YCHT. The urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio, which indicates diuretic effects, was also reduced in the high-dose YCHT condition. CONCLUSIONS Herb-drug pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between YCHT and spironolactone were observed in the study. The herb-drug interaction that appeared with a single dose of spironolactone should be considered when patients are being treated with a continuous administration of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun-Pin Hsueh
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Linong Street, Sec. 2, Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 123, Dapi Rd. Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Linong Street, Sec. 2, Peitou, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, 2, Lienda, Miaoli, 36063, Taiwan.
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Tsai FJ, Yang PY, Chen CJ, Li JP, Li TM, Chiou JS, Cheng CF, Chuang PH, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Ban B, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Decreased overall mortality rate with Chinese herbal medicine usage in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis in Taiwan. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32664975 PMCID: PMC7362535 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cirrhosis is one of the main causes of the morbidity and mortality in liver diseases. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has long been used for the clinical treatment of liver diseases. This study was designed to explore the usage frequency and prescription patterns of CHM for patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis and to evaluate the long-term effects of CHM on overall mortality. Methods Two thousand four hundred sixty-seven patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis (ICD-9-CM code: 571.2, 571.5, and 571.6) diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 in Taiwan were identified from the registry for catastrophic illness patients. Of these, 149 CHM users and 298 CHM non-users were matched for age, gender, and Charlson comorbidity index score. The chi-squared test, paired Student’s t-test, Cox proportional hazard model, and Kaplan–Meier method were applied for various comparisons between these groups of patients. Results CHM-treated patients showed a lower overall mortality risk compared with non-treated patients (Multivariable: p < 0.0001; HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.42–0.69). The cumulative incidence of overall mortality was lower in the CHM-treated group (stratified log-rank test, p = 0.0002). The strongest CHM co-prescription pattern- Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang (YCHT) → Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang (LDXGT) had the highest support, followed by Zhi-Zi (ZZ) → Yin-Chen-Wu-Ling-San (YCWLS) and Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao (BHSSC) → Da-Huang (DaH). Conclusion CHM, as adjunct therapy, might decrease the risk of overall mortality in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. CHM co-prescription patterns and network analysis showed that comprehensive herbal medicines have a protective role against liver fibrosis. Further studies are required to enhance the knowledge of safety and efficacy of CHM in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuu Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Shiun Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Heng Chuang
- Division of Hepato-gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bo Ban
- Chinese Research Center for Behavior Medicine in Growth and Development, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Genetic Center, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Li H. Advances in anti hepatic fibrotic therapy with Traditional Chinese Medicine herbal formula. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112442. [PMID: 31891799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The process of liver fibrogenesis includes a number of common and etiology-dependent or independent mechanisms and events. Up to now, there are still insufficient approved biological or chemical therapies directly targeting and reversing advanced fibrosis. The key is that once liver fibrosis is triggered, it presents a complex network control model with the activation of HSCs as the core, resulting in poor efficacy of treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has unique advantages in treating hepatic fibrosis because of its syndrome differentiation and treatment and comprehensive pharmacological effects of multi-channel, multi-level and multi-target. However, TCM's advantages were rarely discussed as previous reviews focused on the active ingredients of TCM and single Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this paper focuses on TCM herbal formulae's pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms in the treatment of liver fibrosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This paper will focus on the pharmacological role, target and related mechanisms of TCM herbal formulae in the treatment of liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collect English literatures or Chinese literatures with English Abstract on the treatment of liver fibrosis with TCM herbal formulae from databases including PubMed, Wiley InterScience, Science Direct OnSite/Elsevier, Ovid, Excerpta Medica Database, SpringLink, CNKI and China Biomedical Literature Database. Based on previous literatures, we summarize the TCM herbal formulae with definite anti-hepatic fibrosis effects. RESULTS To some extent, classical or modern TCM herbal formulae including Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD), Xiayuxue Decoction (XYXD), Xiaochaihutang (XCHT), Yiguanjian Decoction (YGJ), Huangqi Decoction (HQD), Dahuang Zhechong Pills (DHZC), Fuzheng Huayu Formula (FZHY), Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablets (FFBJRG), Anluo Huaxian Pills (ALHX) and Compound 861 (Cpd861) have anti-hepatic fibrosis effect both on patients with liver fibrosis and animal models with liver fibrosis. CONCLUSION According to the principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, Liver fibrosis patients with different syndromes are treated with different herbal formula, which increases the difficulty of clinical efficacy research. YCHD and XYXD research lack randomized and controlled clinical trials. XCHT, YGJ and HQD research has small sample sizes despite randomized and controlled clinical trials. In contrast, most modern herbal formulae have randomized and controlled clinical trials. For instance, FZHY and ALHX recently published the research results of the combination of entecavir in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Compared to anti-viral treatment with entecavir alone, this method has improved the reversion rate of liver fibrosis but still needs syndrome classification therapy of TCM. TCM Herbal formulae have a good prospect in treating liver fibrosis, but its composition of multiple drugs and a wide range of targets intensify the difficulty of studying their anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms. Future research needs to further study the anti-hepatic fibrosis mechanisms and select corresponding TCM herbal formula to treat patients with different syndromes of liver fibrosis or the same patient with different syndromes at different stages to achieve better curative results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, PR China.
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11
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. Metabolomic and Lipidomic Biomarkers for Premalignant Liver Disease Diagnosis and Therapy. Metabolites 2020; 10:E50. [PMID: 32012846 PMCID: PMC7074571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a plethora of attempts to discover biomarkers that are more reliable than α-fetoprotein for the early prediction and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Efforts have involved such fields as genomics, transcriptomics, epigenetics, microRNA, exosomes, proteomics, glycoproteomics, and metabolomics. HCC arises against a background of inflammation, steatosis, and cirrhosis, due mainly to hepatic insults caused by alcohol abuse, hepatitis B and C virus infection, adiposity, and diabetes. Metabolomics offers an opportunity, without recourse to liver biopsy, to discover biomarkers for premalignant liver disease, thereby alerting the potential of impending HCC. We have reviewed metabolomic studies in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), cholestasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Specificity was our major criterion in proposing clinical evaluation of indole-3-lactic acid, phenyllactic acid, N-lauroylglycine, decatrienoate, N-acetyltaurine for ALD, urinary sulfated bile acids for cholestasis, cervonoyl ethanolamide for fibrosis, 16α-hydroxyestrone for cirrhosis, and the pattern of acyl carnitines for NAFL and NASH. These examples derive from a large body of published metabolomic observations in various liver diseases in adults, adolescents, and children, together with animal models. Many other options have been tabulated. Metabolomic biomarkers for premalignant liver disease may help reduce the incidence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Arthur G. Zupko’s Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, 75 Dekalb Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA;
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12
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Liu H, Chen M, Yin H, Hu P, Wang Y, Liu F, Tian X, Huang C. Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl 4-intoxicated liver injury rats. Part 1: Metabolic profiles from the liver-centric perspective. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 237:81-91. [PMID: 30904705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT), derived from "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" in ancient China, has been a very popular hepatoprotective three-herb formula in China and Japan, although its chemical base remains unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY As the first step in revealing the hepatoprotective chemical base of YCHT, we aimed to clarify the absorbed ingredients and associated metabolic pathways for orally dosed YCHT in both normal and liver injury rats from a liver-centric perspective. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the aid of 10 reference compounds, the absorbed ingredients and generated metabolites were systematically characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF) in the portal vein plasma (the plasma before hepatic disposition) - liver - systemic plasma (the plasma after hepatic disposition), following oral administration of YCHT in normal and CCl4-induced liver injury rats. RESULTS A total of 38 compounds with six chemical structures, consisting of 10 prototypes and 28 metabolites generated through 9 biotransformations, were absolutely or tentatively identified, and 25 compounds were first reported on YCHT treatments. Among them, 8 compounds were absolutely confirmed by comparing with standard substances, and some had published hepatoprotective activities. Compared with the 35, 15, and 29 compounds identified in the portal vein plasma, liver, and systemic plasma of normal rats, respectively, the corresponding numbers of characterized compounds were 37, 13 and 29 in the liver injury rats. CONCLUSIONS Sulfation and glucuronidation were the predominant biotransformations, and intestinal metabolism, prior to hepatic metabolism, occurred for most compounds. CCl4-induced liver injury caused only slight changes in the metabolic profiles of rats orally administered YCHT. These results provided the precondition for further quantitative analysis and pharmacodynamic screening of compounds in YCHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Tian X, Liu H, Qiao S, Yin H, Chen M, Hu P, Wang Y, Peng H, Liu F, Pan G, Huang C. Exploration of the hepatoprotective chemical base of an orally administered herbal formulation (YCHT) in normal and CCl 4-intoxicated liver injury rats. Part 2: Hepatic disposition in vivo and hepatoprotective activity in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:161-172. [PMID: 30802610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT) has been a very popular, hepatoprotective three-herb formula with an unclear chemical base. AIM OF THIS STUDY To reveal the hepatoprotective chemical base of oral-dosed YCHT, we bridged the hepatic disposition of six compounds in vivo and their hepatoprotection in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo, following the oral administration of YCHT in normal and CCl4-induced liver injury rats, the determinations of chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, geniposide, genipin, rhein and emodin were conducted in the portal vein plasma, the liver, and the systemic plasma. In vitro, the hepatoprotective activities of these compounds were determined in the CCl4-induced HepG2 cells. RESULTS Consistent with the highest content in YCHT, geniposide had the highest exposure in vivo. Inconsistent with the negligible content, rhein, 4-hydroxyacetophenone, emodin and genipin showed substantial hepatic accumulations. In contrast, chlorogenic acid, an ingredient that has a high content in YCHT, elicited no hepatic exposure. In normal rats, the hepatic disposition prevented the compounds entering into the systemic plasma from the portal vein plasma by 44.9-100%, except for rhein. CCl4-induced liver injury caused a decreased hepatic exposure of 4-hydroxyacetophenone, rhein and emodin by 50%. In vitro, all six compounds exerted the hepatoprotection by increasing cell viability, decreasing hepatic marker enzymes and inhibiting lipid peroxidation at varying levels. CONCLUSION Geniposide, rhein, emodin, 4-hydroxyacetophenone and genipin directly resisted liver injury in oral-dosed YCHT, while chlorogenic acid likely played an indirect role. This study proved that YCHT exerted hepatoprotection through multiple components and multiple actions. However, close attention should be paid to the possible side effects and oral dosage of YCHT in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shida Qiao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingcang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huige Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road Zhangjiang, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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14
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Dang Z, Li Q, Sun S, Wang Y, Lin R, Zhang Y, Dai J, Zheng N. The Medicinal Plant Pair Bupleurum chinense- Scutellaria baicalensis - Metabolomics and Metallomics Analysis in a Model for Alcoholic Liver Injury. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 30971921 PMCID: PMC6445227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), a complex natural herbal medicine system, has increasingly attracted attention from all over the world. Most research has illustrated the mechanism of TCM based on the active components or single herbs. It was fruitful and effective but far from satisfactory as it failed to gain insights into the interactivity and combined effects of TCM. In this work, we used Bupleurum chinense (B. chinense DC, a species in the genus Bupleurum, family Apiaceae) and Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis Georgi, a species in the genus Scutellaria, family Lamiaceae), an herbal pair in TCM, to illustrate the combined effect. We compared the diverse effects between the B. chinense-S. baicalensis herbal pair and its compositions in an animal model of Alcoholic Liver Injury to highlight the advantages of the formula. Biochemical and histological indicators revealed that the effect of B. chinense-S. baicalensis was better than its individual parts. Furthermore, metabolite profiling of the serum, liver tissue, and feces were conducted to reveal that the herbal pair largely presented its effects through enhanced tissue penetration to maintain liver-located intervention with less global and symbiotic disturbance. Furthermore, we analyzed the distribution of the metal elements in extracts of the serum and liver tissue and found that the herbal pair significantly regulated the distribution of endogenous selenium in liver tissue. As selenium plays an important role in the anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects, it may be the reason for combined effects in BS formula. This research could open new perspectives for exploring the material basis of combined effects in natural herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefang Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Frontier Medical Service Brigade, Army Medical University, Hutubi, China
| | - Yongyu Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Traditional Dai-Thai Medicine, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Jinghong, China
| | - Jianye Dai
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Protective effect of cultured bear bile powder against dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108701. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Cai FF, Zhou WJ, Wu R, Su SB. Systems biology approaches in the study of Chinese herbal formulae. Chin Med 2018; 13:65. [PMID: 30619503 PMCID: PMC6311004 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is an academic field that attempts to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. It is the study of the composition of all components of a biological system and their interactions under specific conditions. The core of systems biology is holistic and systematic research, which is different from the manner of thinking and research of all other branches of biology to date. Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) are the main form of Chinese medicine and are composed of single Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) with pharmacological and pharmacodynamic compatibility. When single CHMs are combined into CHF, the result is different from the original effect of a single drug and can be better adapted to more diseases with complex symptoms. CHF represent a complex system with multiple components, targets and effects. Therefore, the use of systems biology is conducive to revealing the complex characteristics of CHF. With the rapid development of omics technologies, systems biology has been widely and increasingly applied to the study of the basis of the pharmacological substances, action targets and mechanisms of CHF. To meet the challenges of multiomics synthesis-intensive studies and system dynamics research in CHF, this paper reviews the common techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics and their applications in research on CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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17
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Sun H, Zhang AH, Song Q, Fang H, Liu XY, Su J, Yang L, Yu MD, Wang XJ. Functional metabolomics discover pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways as promising targets for Yang Huang syndrome treatment with Yinchenhao Tang. RSC Adv 2018; 8:36831-36839. [PMID: 35558940 PMCID: PMC9089300 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae, plays an important role in the treatment of Yang Huang syndrome (YHS). With the emergence of new biomarkers of YHS uncovered via metabonomics, the underlying functional mechanisms are still not clear. Functional metabolomics aims at converting biomarkers derived from metabonomics into disease mechanisms. Here, an integrated non-target metabolomics and IPA strategy were used to investigate the YCHT intervention on YHS. Our metabolomics study has shown that the potential protective effect of YCHT on YHS mice leads to significant changes in the metabolic profile by modulating the biomarkers and regulating the metabolic disorders. Twenty two differential metabolite biomarkers and fifteen involved metabolic pathways were correlated with the regulation of YCHT treatment on YHS. Functional metabolomics identified a core biomarker, d-glucuronic acid in pentose and glucuronate interconversion pathways, which was directly related to the target prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and eventually leaded to a series of disturbances. In conclusion, this study shows that functional metabolomics can discover metabolic pathways as promising targets. Yinchenhao Tang (YCHT), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae, plays an important role in the treatment of Yang Huang syndrome (YHS).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Ai-hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Qi Song
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Heng Fang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Xing-yuan Liu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Jing Su
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Le Yang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Meng-die Yu
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
| | - Xi-jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
- Chinmedomics Research Center of TCM State Administration
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Using Light Microscopy and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Qualitative and Quantitative Control of a Combined Three-Herb Formulation in Different Preparations. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121673. [PMID: 27929444 PMCID: PMC6274395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia capillaries Thunb, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, and Rheum officinale Baill have been combined to treat jaundice for thousands of years. Studies have revealed that these herbs induce anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatic apoptosis and alleviate hepatic oxidative stress. This study aims to determine the quality and quantity of an herbal formulation (Chinese name: Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang) using physical and chemical examinations. Physical examination of Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang in pharmaceutical herbal products, raw fiber powders, and decoction preparations was performed using Congo red and iodine-potassium staining. A sensitive and validated method employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed to simultaneously quantify the bioactive compounds scoparone, geniposide, and rhein in the Yin-Chen-Hao-Tang formulation in different preparations. Physical examination indicated that cellulose fibers with irregular round shapes were present in the pharmaceutical herbal products. The developed UHPLC-MS/MS method showed good linearity and was well validated. The quantification results revealed that the decoction preparations had the highest amounts of geniposide and rhein. Scoparone appeared in pharmaceutical herbal products from two manufacturers. This experiment provides a qualitative and quantitative method using physical and chemical examinations to test different preparations of herbal products. The results provide a reference for clinical herbal product preparations and further pharmacokinetic research.
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Xiang H, Wang G, Qu J, Xia S, Tao X, Qi B, Zhang Q, Shang D. Yin-Chen-Hao Tang Attenuates Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rat: An Experimental Verification of In silico Network Target Prediction. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:378. [PMID: 27790147 PMCID: PMC5061810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yin-Chen-Hao Tang (YCHT) is a classical Chinese medicine compound that has a long history of clinical use in China for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, the efficacy and mechanisms of YCHT for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) are not known. The current study investigated the pharmacological properties of YCHT against SAP and its underlying mechanisms. A computational prediction of potential targets of YCHT was initially established based on a network pharmacology simulation. The model suggested that YCHT attenuated SAP progress by apoptosis inducement, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and blood lipid regulation. These effects were validated in SAP rats. YCHT administration produced the following results: (1) significantly inhibited the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and protected pancreatic tissue; (2) obviously increased the number of in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and induced apoptosis; (3) markedly inhibited neutrophil infiltration to the impaired pancreas and reduced the inflammatory reaction; (4) notably enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the nitric oxide synthase levels; (5) significantly reduced the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and increased high-density lipoprotein; and (6) significantly up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and down-regulated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In summary, these results demonstrated that YCHT attenuated SAP progress by inducing apoptosis, repressing inflammation, alleviating oxidative stress and regulating lipid metabolism partially via regulation of the NF-κB/PPARγ signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Bing Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Qingkai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
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Embade N, Mariño Z, Diercks T, Cano A, Lens S, Cabrera D, Navasa M, Falcón-Pérez JM, Caballería J, Castro A, Bosch J, Mato JM, Millet O. Metabolic Characterization of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in HCV Patients as Studied by Serum 1H-NMR Spectroscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155094. [PMID: 27158896 PMCID: PMC4861296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several etiologies result in chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis C virus infection (HCV). Despite its high incidence and the severe economic and medical consequences, liver disease is still commonly overlooked due to the lack of efficient non-invasive diagnostic methods. While several techniques have been tested for the detection of fibrosis, the available biomarkers still present severe limitations that preclude their use in clinical diagnostics. Liver diseases have also been the subject of metabolomic analysis. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of 1H NMR spectroscopy for characterizing the metabolism of liver fibrosis induced by HCV. Serum samples from HCV patients without fibrosis or with liver cirrhosis were analyzed by NMR spectroscopy and the results were submitted to multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. PLS-DA test was able to discriminate between advanced fibrotic and non-fibrotic patients and several metabolites were found to be up or downregulated in patients with cirrhosis. The suitability of the most significantly regulated metabolites was validated by ROC analysis. Our study reveals that choline, acetoacetate and low-density lipoproteins are the most informative biomarkers for predicting cirrhosis in HCV patients. Our results demonstrate that statistical analysis of 1H-NMR spectra is able to distinguish between fibrotic and non-fibrotic patients suffering from HCV, representing a novel diagnostic application for NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zoe Mariño
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Ainara Cano
- ONE WAY LIVER METABOLOMICS SL, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sabela Lens
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Falcón-Pérez
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joan Caballería
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaume Bosch
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
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