1
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McVicker R, O’Boyle NM. Chirality of New Drug Approvals (2013-2022): Trends and Perspectives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2305-2320. [PMID: 38344815 PMCID: PMC10895675 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Many drugs are chiral with their chirality determining their biological interactions, safety, and efficacy. Since the 1980s, there has been a regulatory preference to bring single enantiomer to market. This perspective discusses trends related to chirality that have developed in the past decade (2013-2022) of new drug approvals. The EMA has not approved a racemate since 2016, while the average for the FDA is one per year from 2013 to 2022. These 10 include drugs which have been previously marketed elsewhere for several decades, analogues of pre-existing drugs, or drugs where the undefined stereocenter does not play a role in therapeutic activity. Two chiral switches were identified which were both combined with drug repurposing. This combination strategy has the potential to produce therapeutically valuable drugs in a faster time frame. Two class III atropisomers displaying axial chirality were approved between 2013 and 2022, one as a racemate and one as a single enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
U. McVicker
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
- Gamlen
Tableting Ltd, 3 Stanton
Way, London SE26 5FU, United Kingdom
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School
of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences
Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152−160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
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2
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Han S, Lu Y. Fluorine in anti-HIV drugs approved by FDA from 1981 to 2023. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115586. [PMID: 37393791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nowadays, FDA has approved over thirty antiretroviral drugs grouped in six categories. Interestingly, one-third of these drugs contain different number of fluorine atoms. The introduction of fluorine to obtain drug-like compounds is a well-accepted strategy in medicinal chemistry. In this review, we summarized 11 fluorine-containing anti-HIV drugs, focusing on their efficacy, resistance, safety, and specific roles of fluorine in the development of each drug. These examples may be of help for the discovery of new drug candidates bearing fluorine in their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Xiong F, Chen L, Zhang YJ, Zhu YR, Sun C, Ma C, Zhang SJ, Wang ZH. Molecular Modeling and Docking Studies of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Pyrimidines as HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2141274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan-jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi-ren Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shuai-jun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhong-hua Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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4
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The tandem reaction of propargylamine/propargyl alcohol with CO2: Reaction mechanism, catalyst activity and product diversity. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Kim HJ, Im DU, Chau GC, Mishra NK, Kim IS, Um SH. Novel anti-adipogenic effect of CF 3-allylated indole in 3T3-L1 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109782. [PMID: 34932954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indole derivatives from various plants are known to have health benefits because of their anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tubercular effects. However, their effects on adipogenesis have not been fully elucidated yet. Herein, we show that a newly synthesized indole derivative, CF3-allylated indole, [(E)-1-(pyrimidin- 2-yl)-2-(4,4,4- trifluorobut-2-enyl)-1H-indole], effectively inhibits adipogenesis. We found that CF3-allylated indole inhibited lipid accumulation and suppressed the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 cells. The inhibitory effect of CF3-allylated indole primarily occurred at the early phase of adipocyte differentiation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and enhancing protein kinase A (PKA) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Conversely, depletion of PKA or treatment with a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) reversed such inhibitory effects of CF3-allylated indole on adipogenesis and PPARγ expression. These results suggest that CF3-allylated indole inhibits early stages of adipogenesis by increasing phosphorylation of PKA/AMPK, leading to decreased expression of adipogenic genes in 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicate that CF3-allylated indole has potential for controlling initial adipocyte differentiation in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Im
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gia Cac Chau
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Um
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute Convergence at Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Abdou MM. Synopsis of recent synthetic methods and biological applications of phosphinic acid derivatives. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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7
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Petrou A, Eleftheriou P, Geronikaki A, Akrivou MG, Vizirianakis I. Novel Thiazolidin-4-ones as Potential Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase. Molecules 2019; 24:E3821. [PMID: 31652782 PMCID: PMC6864537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV is the causative agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), an infectious disease with increasing incidence worldwide. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) play an important role in the treatment of AIDS. Although, many compounds are already being used as anti-HIV drugs, research for the development of new inhibitors continues as the virus develops resistant strains. METHODS The best features of available NNRTIs were taken into account for the design of novel inhibitors. PASS (Prediction of activity spectra for substances) prediction program and molecular docking studies for the selection of designed compounds were used for the synthesis. Compounds were synthesized using conventional and microwave irradiation methods and HIV RT inhibitory action was evaluated by colorimetric photometric immunoassay. RESULTS The evaluation of HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity revealed that seven compounds have significantly lower ΙC50 values than nevirapine (0.3 μΜ). It was observed that the activity of compounds depends not only on the nature of substituent and it position in benzothiazole ring but also on the nature and position of substituents in benzene ring. CONCLUSION Twenty four of the tested compounds exhibited inhibitory action lower than 4 μΜ. Seven of them showed better activity than nevirapine, while three of the compounds exhibited IC50 values lower than 5 nM. Two compounds 9 and 10 exhibited very good inhibitory activity with IC50 1 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Petrou
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Phaedra Eleftheriou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Melpomeni G Akrivou
- School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Vizirianakis
- School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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8
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Shang H, Zhao J, Yao J, Wang H, Wang S, Dong J, Liao L. Nevirapine inhibits migration and invasion in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2019; 10:2243-2252. [PMID: 31631580 PMCID: PMC6885442 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic or recurrent thyroid cancer often behaves aggressively, and approximately two‐thirds of patients present with radioiodine resistance. Effective therapies to suppress thyroid cancer metastasis are urgently needed. Nevirapine has been proved to suppress tumor growth and induce differentiation in several tumor cells, but has not previously been evaluated in metastasis of thyroid cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nevirapine on migration and invasion in dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cells. Methods Human dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cell line (WRO 82‐1) was subject to real‐time quantitative PCR, western blot and transwell migration/invasion assays. The liver metastasis in tumor xenografts of nude mice was subject to hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining. Results Nevirapine significantly repressed cell migration and invasion in WRO 82‐1 cells, and surprisingly significantly decreased liver metastatic tumor in the nude mouse model of dedifferentiated thyroid cancer compared with that of the control. Moreover, nevirapine significantly decreased the expression of IL‐6 mRNA and phosphorylation of JAK2 (Y1007+Y1008) and STAT3 (Tyr 705) in WRO 82‐1 cells compared with those in control cells. Conclusion Our findings suggest that nevirapine significantly repressed migration and invasion/metastasis in WRO 82‐1 cells and tumor xenografts, which may be related to inhibition of IL‐6/STAT3 signaling pathway. It promises great potential as a novel therapy for thyroid cancer, especially for those patients with metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Shang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinming Yao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Huanjun Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Liao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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9
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Famiglini V, Silvestri R. Indolylarylsulfones, a fascinating story of highly potent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother 2019; 26:2040206617753443. [PMID: 29417826 PMCID: PMC5890576 DOI: 10.1177/2040206617753443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Indolylarylsulfones are a potent class of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In this review, the structure activity relationship (SAR) studies to improve the profile of sulfone L-737,126 discovered by Merck AG have been analysed with focus on introduction of the 3′,5′-dimethyl groups at the 3-phenylsulfonyl moiety, the 2-hydroxyethyl tail at the indole-2-carboxamide nitrogen, coupling of the carboxamide nitrogen with one or two glycinamide and alaninamide units, a fluorine atom at position 4 of the indole ring and correlation between configuration of the asymmetric centre and linker length. IAS derivatives look like promising drug candidates for the treatment of AIDS and related infections in combination with other antiretroviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Famiglini
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Roma, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Roma, Italy
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10
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Niemi T, Repo T. Antibiotics from Carbon Dioxide: Sustainable Pathways to Pharmaceutically Relevant Cyclic Carbamates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Niemi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1) 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
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11
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Shirvani P, Fassihi A, Saghaie L. Recent Advances in the Design and Development of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Scaffolds. ChemMedChem 2018; 14:52-77. [PMID: 30417561 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have always been an important part of the anti-HIV-1 combination therapy known as combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) since 1996. The use of NNRTIs for about 22 years has led to some mutations in the residues that compose the reverse transcriptase active site, resulting in the emergence of drug-resistant viruses. Thus, the search for new potent NNRTIs with an improved safety profile and activity against drug-resistant HIV strains is indispensable, and many hit and lead NNRTIs have been discovered in the last decade. This review provides an overview of the development in this field from 2013 to August 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Shirvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lotfollah Saghaie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Hezar Jerib Avenue, 81746-73461, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Niemi T, Fernández I, Steadman B, Mannisto JK, Repo T. Carbon dioxide-based facile synthesis of cyclic carbamates from amino alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018. [PMID: 29528063 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a straightforward general method for the synthesis of cyclic carbamates from amino alcohols and carbon dioxide in the presence of an external base and a hydroxyl group activating reagent. Utilizing p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl), the reaction proceeds under mild conditions, and the approach is fully applicable to the preparation of various high value-added 5- and 6-membered rings as well as bicyclic fused ring carbamates. DFT calculations and experimental results indicate a SN2-type reaction mechanism with high regio-, chemo-, and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Niemi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Finland.
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Quimica Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bethany Steadman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Finland.
| | - Jere K Mannisto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Finland.
| | - Timo Repo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Finland.
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13
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Ichikawa T, Tsujino H, Miki T, Kobayashi M, Matsubara C, Miyata S, Yamashita T, Takeshita K, Yonezawa Y, Uno T. Allosteric activation of cytochrome P450 3A4 by efavirenz facilitates midazolam binding. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1227-1236. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1412540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Hirofumi Tsujino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Takahiro Miki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Masaya Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Chiaki Matsubara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Sara Miyata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
| | - Taku Yamashita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University , Nishinomiya , Hyogo , Japan ,
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan , and
| | - Yasushige Yonezawa
- High Pressure Protein Research Center, Institute of Advanced Technology, Kindai University ,
Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama
, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Uno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan ,
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14
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Famiglini V, La Regina G, Coluccia A, Masci D, Brancale A, Badia R, Riveira-Muñoz E, Esté JA, Crespan E, Brambilla A, Maga G, Catalano M, Limatola C, Formica FR, Cirilli R, Novellino E, Silvestri R. Chiral Indolylarylsulfone Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors as New Potent and Broad Spectrum Anti-HIV-1 Agents. J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Famiglini
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Regina
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Coluccia
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, U.K
| | - Roger Badia
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Eva Riveira-Muñoz
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - José A. Esté
- AIDS Research Institute−IrsiCaixa,
Hospitals Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autonóma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Emmanuele Crespan
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brambilla
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maga
- Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM−CNR, National Research Council, Via Abbiategrasso 207, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Myriam Catalano
- Istituto Pasteur Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti,
Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via
Atinense 18, I-86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Istituto Pasteur Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti,
Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via
Atinense 18, I-86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Formica
- Dipartimento del
Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Dipartimento del
Farmaco, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Romano Silvestri
- Istituto Pasteur
Italia−Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Chimica
e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo
Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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15
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Antiretroviral drug discovery and formulation design will facilitate viral clearance in infectious reservoirs. Although progress has been realized for selected hydrophobic integrase and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, limited success has been seen to date with hydrophilic nucleosides. To overcome these limitations, hydrophobic long-acting drug nanoparticles were created for the commonly used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, lamivudine (2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine, 3TC). Methods: A 2-step synthesis created a slow-release long-acting hydrophobic 3TC. Conjugation of 3TC to a fatty acid created a myristoylated prodrug which was encased into a folate-decorated poloxamer 407. Both in vitro antiretroviral efficacy in human monocyte-derived macrophages and pharmacokinetic profiles in mice were evaluated for the decorated nanoformulated drug. Results: A stable drug formulation was produced by poloxamer encasement that improved monocyte–macrophage uptake, antiretroviral activities, and drug pharmacokinetic profiles over native drug formulations. Conclusions: Sustained release of long-acting antiretroviral therapy is a new therapeutic frontier for HIV/AIDS. 3TC depot formation in monocyte-derived macrophages can be facilitated through stable subcellular internalization and slow drug release.
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Abozeid MA, Sairenji S, Takizawa S, Fujita M, Sasai H. Enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indole bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center via Pd(ii)–SPRIX-catalyzed C–H activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6887-6890. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc03199h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pd(ii)–SPRIX promotes the first highly enantioselective cyclization of 3-alkenylindoles into the corresponding indoles bearing a chiral quaternary carbon center via C–H activation and an assisting effect by the allyl substituent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ahmed Abozeid
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Shiho Sairenji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi
- Japan
| | - Makoto Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo
- Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki-shi
- Japan
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Abstract
Since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) HIV infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections (lamivudine, interferons, nucleoside analogues, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (iii) hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (ribavirin, interferons, NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and NS5B polymerase inhibitors), (iv) herpesvirus infections (5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine analogues, entry inhibitors, nucleoside analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and acyclic guanosine analogues), (v) influenza virus infections (ribavirin, matrix 2 protein inhibitors, RNA polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors), (vi) human cytomegalovirus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues, pyrophosphate analogues, and oligonucleotides), (vii) varicella-zoster virus infections (acyclic guanosine analogues, nucleoside analogues, 5-substituted 2'-deoxyuridine analogues, and antibodies), (viii) respiratory syncytial virus infections (ribavirin and antibodies), and (ix) external anogenital warts caused by human papillomavirus infections (imiquimod, sinecatechins, and podofilox). Here, we present for the first time a comprehensive overview of antiviral drugs approved over the past 50 years, shedding light on the development of effective antiviral treatments against current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik De Clercq
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guangdi Li
- KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Leuven, Belgium Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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