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Bilici Geçer R, Zengin ÖS, Karip BZ, Boran T, Çikler E, Özhan G, Dursun D. Effects of coenzyme Q 10 on orthodontic tooth movement and alveolar bone remodeling in rats. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:486. [PMID: 39145807 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05881-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on alveolar bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS An orthodontic appliance was placed in 42 female Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the orthodontic force (OF) group (n = 21) and the OF + CoQ10 (CoQ10) treatment group (n = 21). Each group was divided into 3 subgroups, and the rats were sacrificed on days 3, 7 and 14. The rats in CoQ10 and OF groups were administered 100 mg/kg b.w./day CoQ10 (in 1 mL/b.w. soybean oil) and 1 mL b.w./day soybean oil, respectively, by orogastric gavage. The OTM was measured at the end of the experiment. The osteoclast, osteoblast and capillary numbers; vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), receptor activator nuclear kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegrin (OPG) levels in tissue; and total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) in blood were determined. RESULTS Compared with the OF group, the CoQ10 treatment group exhibited decreased orthodontic tooth movement and osteoclast and capillary numbers. Indeed, the levels of VEGF and RANKL decreased, while the levels of OPG increased except on day 7. Additionally, the CoQ10 treatment group exhibited lower TOS and higher TAS on days 7 and 14 (p < 0.05). Histological findings showed that the morphology of osteoblasts changed in the CoQ10 group; however, there was no significant difference in the number of osteoblasts between the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Due to its effect on oxidative stress and inflammation, CoQ10 regulates bone remodeling by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation, promoting osteoblast differentiation and reducing the amount of OTM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Considering that OTM may be slowed with the use of CoQ10, topics such as orthodontic treatment duration, orthodontic force activation and appointment frequency should be considered in treatment planning. It is predicted that the use of CoQ10 will support the effectiveness of treatment in clinical applications such as preventing relapse in orthodontic treatment by regulating bone modulation and anchorage methods that suppress/optimize unwanted tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumeysa Bilici Geçer
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Sultan Zengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betül Zehra Karip
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Boran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Çikler
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Dursun
- Department of Orthodontics, Hamidiye Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Liaghat M, Yaghoubzad-Maleki M, Nabi-Afjadi M, Fathi Z, Zalpoor H, Heidari N, Bahreini E. A Review of the Potential Role of CoQ10 in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:575-593. [PMID: 37632587 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The coenzyme ubiquinone-10 (CoQ10) is not only an important part of the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial inner membrane but also has complex biological functions beyond mitochondrial respiration. It is a natural nutrient that is not only produced by the body but is also found in foods, such as meat, eggs, fish, and vegetable oils. Because some types of cancer reduce CoQ10 blood levels, the use of CoQ10 supplements is recommended for the treatment of cancer patients. The anti-cancer effects of CoQ10 supplementation have been reported in several cancers, including colon and breast cancer. CoQ10 scavenges free radicals to reduce oxidative stress and minimize tissue damage. CoQ10 protects the body from damage caused by chemotherapy drugs by reducing the production of inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory factors. Recent studies suggest that CoQ10 may be a supplement to pharmacotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. This article examines the effects of CoQ10 in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Liaghat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yaghoubzad-Maleki
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Fathi
- Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614525, Tehran, Iran.
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Bartman S, Coppotelli G, Ross JM. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: A Key Player in Brain Aging and Diseases. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1987-2026. [PMID: 38534746 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are thought to have become incorporated within the eukaryotic cell approximately 2 billion years ago and play a role in a variety of cellular processes, such as energy production, calcium buffering and homeostasis, steroid synthesis, cell growth, and apoptosis, as well as inflammation and ROS production. Considering that mitochondria are involved in a multitude of cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to play a role within several age-related diseases, including cancers, diabetes (type 2), and neurodegenerative diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are not entirely understood. The significant increase in lifespan and increased incidence of age-related diseases over recent decades has confirmed the necessity to understand the mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction impacts the process of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we will offer a brief overview of mitochondria, along with structure and function of this important organelle. We will then discuss the cause and consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process, with a particular focus on its role in inflammation, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. We will offer insight into therapies and interventions currently used to preserve or restore mitochondrial functioning during aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Bartman
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Jaime M Ross
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Mohan S, Alhazmi HA, Hassani R, Khuwaja G, Maheshkumar VP, Aldahish A, Chidambaram K. Role of ferroptosis pathways in neuroinflammation and neurological disorders: From pathogenesis to treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24786. [PMID: 38314277 PMCID: PMC10837572 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered non-apoptotic and iron-dependent type of cell death. Ferroptosis mainly takes place owing to the imbalance of anti-oxidation and oxidation in the body. It is regulated via a number of factors and pathways both inside and outside the cell. Ferroptosis is closely linked with brain and various neurological disorders (NDs). In the human body, the brain contains the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are known as lipid peroxide precursors. In addition, there is also a connection of glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation with NDs. There is growing evidence regarding the possible link between neuroinflammation and multiple NDs, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and stroke. Recent studies have demonstrated that disruptions of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutamate excitatory toxicity, iron homeostasis, and various other manifestations linked with ferroptosis can be identified in various neuroinflammation-mediated NDs. It has also been reported that damage-associated molecular pattern molecules including ROS are generated during the events of ferroptosis and can cause glial activation via activating neuroimmune pathways, which subsequently leads to the generation of various inflammatory factors that play a role in various NDs. This review summarizes the regulation pathways of ferroptosis, the link between ferroptosis as well as inflammation in NDs, and the potential of a range of therapeutic agents that can be used to target ferroptosis and inflammation in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syam Mohan
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hassan A Alhazmi
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rym Hassani
- Department of Mathematics, University College AlDarb, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulrana Khuwaja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - V P Maheshkumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Afaf Aldahish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Emami SF. Hearing and Diet (Narrative Review). Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:1447-1453. [PMID: 38440452 PMCID: PMC10908656 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04238-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
It seems that food factors and the type of nutrition have an effect on the function of the auditory system. Hearing is one of the most important senses for social communication and high cognitive behaviors. Sensorineural hearing loss leaves adverse and permanent consequences in all aspects of personal and social life of affected patients. Hence, this narrative review study was designed to determine the relationship between sensorineural hearing loss and type of diet. Based on the inclusion criteria, the full text of 62 articles published between 2005 and 2023 were extracted from Scopus, Medline [PubMed], Web of Science, and Google Scholar websites and constituted the sources of this research. The results of the studies showed that by limiting the consumption of foods rich in cholesterol, sugar, carbohydrates, and protein, hearing is protected against the factors that cause sensorineural hearing loss. Also, increasing the consumption of vegetables, fruits, omega-3, antioxidants in the form of vitamins A, C, E reduce hearing susceptibility due to noise exposure, presbycusis, ototoxic agents, and etc. Healthy diet includes eating all the nutrients the body needs in a balanced way. Healthy lifestyle factors including continuous physical activity, good sleep quality, quitting smoking, stay away from stressful factors or relaxation, and avoiding exposure to environmental noise. By following healthy eating and lifestyle patterns, the conditions for hearing, physical and mental health are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyede Faranak Emami
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hearing Disorder Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Liu Y, Zhuang Z, Liao Z, Yao R, Chen M, Wei H, Zhao W, Niu J. Effects of Low-Fish-Meal Diet Supplemented with Coenzyme Q10 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, Immunity and Hypoxic Resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2042. [PMID: 38136162 PMCID: PMC10740702 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a low-fish-meal diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health and hypoxic resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei. L.vannamei with an initial weight of 0.66 g were fed with the experimental diets for 56 days. Diets D1 (20% FM level) and D2-D7 (15% FM level), supplemented with 0%, 0.002%, 0.004%, 0.006%, 0.008% and 0.01% coenzyme Q10 were formulated. In terms of growth performance, the weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2 diet were significantly lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the D2-D7 diets had an upward trend, and the condition factor in the D2-D7 diets was lower than those in the D1 diet (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the crude protein and crude lipid levels in the whole body among all diet treatments (p > 0.05). In terms of hepatopancreas antioxidant parameters, the D5 and D6 diets significantly promoted the total antioxidant capacity and total superoxide dismutase activity, and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde content (p < 0.05). The expression levels of cat, mnsod and gpx in shrimp fed with the D5 and D6 diets were significantly higher than those of shrimp fed with the D2 diet (p < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA level of ProPO was increased in the D4 and D5 diets, and LZM expression was increased in the D6 diet compared with the D1 diet (p < 0.05). The villus height of shrimp fed with diets supplemented with coenzyme Q10 was significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the intestinal thickness and submucosal thickness of shrimp fed with the D6 diet were the highest (p < 0.05). After acute hypoxia stress, lethal dose 50 time in the D3-D7 diets was significantly increased compared with the D1 and D2 diets (p < 0.05), and the highest value was found in the D4 diet (p < 0.05). After stress, the expression levels of TLR pathway-related genes (Toll, Myd88, Pelle, TRAF6 and Dorsal) in the D4 and D6 diets were significantly increased compared with the D2 diet. In general, Litopenaeus vannamei fed with the D6 diet achieved the best growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and intestinal morphology among all low FM diets and D4-D6 diets improved hypoxic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (M.C.); (H.W.)
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.L.); (R.Y.); (M.C.); (H.W.)
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7
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Sadek SA, Marzouk M, Mohamed HRH, El-Sallam BFA, Elfiky AA, Sayed AA. Chia seeds and coenzyme Q 10 alleviate iron overload induced hepatorenal toxicity in mice via iron chelation and oxidative stress modulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19773. [PMID: 37957293 PMCID: PMC10643458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron overload (IOL) can cause hepatorenal damage due to iron-mediated oxidative and mitochondrial damage. Remarkably, combining a natural iron chelator with an antioxidant can exert greater efficacy than monotherapy. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Chia and CoQ10 to chelate excess iron and prevent hepatorenal oxidative damage in IOL mice. Male Swiss albino mice (n = 49) were randomly assigned to seven groups: control, dietary Chia, CoQ10, IOL, IOL + Chia, IOL + CoQ10, and IOL + Chia + CoQ10. Computational chemistry indicates that the phytic acid found in the Chia seeds is stable, reactive, and able to bind to up to three iron ions (both Fe2+ and Fe3+). IOL induced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, TIBC, TSI, RBCs, Hb, MCV, MCH, WBCs, AST, ALT, creatinine, and MDA. IOL causes a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in UIBC, platelets, and antioxidant molecules (GSH, SOD, CAT, and GR). Also, IOL elicits mitochondrial membrane change depolarization, and DNA fragmentation and suppresses mitochondrial DNA copies. Furthermore, substantial changes in hepatic and renal tissue, including hepatocellular necrosis and apoptosis, glomerular degeneration, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubular degeneration, were observed in the IOL group. Dietary Chia and CoQ10 induced significant (P < 0.05) amelioration in all the mentioned parameters. They can mostly repair the abnormal architecture of hepatic and renal tissues induced by IOL, as signified by normal sinusoids, normal central veins, and neither glomerular damage nor degenerated tubules. In conclusion, the combined treatment with Chia + CoQ10 exerts more pronounced efficacy than monotherapy in hepatorenal protection via chelating excess iron and improved cellular antioxidant status and hepatorenal mitochondrial function in IOL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Sadek
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Marzouk
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan R H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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El-Bassouny DR, Mansour AA, Ellakkany AS, Ayuob NN, AbdElfattah AA. Can coenzyme Q10 alleviate the toxic effect of fenofibrate on skeletal muscle? Histochem Cell Biol 2023:10.1007/s00418-023-02205-5. [PMID: 37270716 PMCID: PMC10386954 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate (FEN) is an antilipidemic drug that increases the activity of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme, thus enhancing lipolysis; however, it may cause myopathy and rhabdomyolysis in humans. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenously synthesized compound that is found in most living cells and plays an important role in cellular metabolism. It acts as the electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This study aimed to elucidate FEN-induced skeletal muscle changes in rats and to evaluate CoQ10 efficacy in preventing or alleviating these changes. Forty adult male rats were divided equally into four groups: the negative control group that received saline, the positive control group that received CoQ10, the FEN-treated group that received FEN, and the FEN + CoQ10 group that received both FEN followed by CoQ10 daily for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to assess creatine kinase (CK). Soleus muscle samples were taken and processed for light and electron microscopic studies. This study showed that FEN increased CK levels and induced inflammatory cellular infiltration and disorganization of muscular architecture with lost striations. FEN increased the percentage of degenerated collagen fibers and immune expression of caspase-3. Ultrastructurally, FEN caused degeneration of myofibrils with distorted cell organelles. Treatment with CoQ10 could markedly ameliorate these FEN-induced structural changes and mostly regain the normal architecture of muscle fibers due to its antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects. In conclusion, treatment with CoQ10 improved muscular structure by suppressing oxidative stress, attenuating inflammation, and inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia R El-Bassouny
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Alyaa A Mansour
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amany S Ellakkany
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nasra N Ayuob
- Medical Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany A AbdElfattah
- Medical Histology & Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Salman International University, South Sinai, El-Tor, Egypt.
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Huang Y, Ge R, Lou G, Jiang N, Zhu X, Guo Y, Liu H, Liu X, Chen X. The influence of dietary Coenzyme Q10 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:108834. [PMID: 37207885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal histology, immune-antioxidant gene expression and disease resistance of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with CoQ10 at concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg for 56 days. The results indicated that dietary CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly affect final body weight (FBW), survival rate (SR), weight gain (WG), feed rate (FR), viscerosomatic index (VSI) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all experimental groups. However, the highest FBW, WG and SR were found in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 markedly improved feed efficiency (FE) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The crude lipids in the body and triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were obviously lower in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group than in the control group. For digestive enzymes, protease activity in the intestine was markedly boosted in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. The serum activities of SOD, CAT and GST in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 efficiently enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased. No significant histological changes in the liver were identified in any group. Dietary supplementation with 120 mg/kg CoQ10 improved antioxidant capacity and immunity by upregulating the expression of cyp1a, sod, gst, lysC, igma1, igmb1 and irf3 in the liver. Furthermore, the cumulative survival rate of juvenile European eel against challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly elevated in the 80 and 120 mg/kg CoQ10 supplemented groups. Conclusively, our study suggested that supplementing the diet of juvenile European eel with CoQ10 at a concentration of 120 mg/kg could promote their feed utilization, fat reduction, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immune-antioxidant gene expression and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila without negative effects on fish health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruxiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gege Lou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Nengzuo Jiang
- Fujian Institute of Testing Technology, Fuzhou, 350003, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yazhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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11
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Yang HL, Huang ST, Lyu ZH, Bhat AA, Vadivalagan C, Yeh YL, Hseu YC. The anti-tumor activities of coenzyme Q0 through ROS-mediated autophagic cell death in human triple-negative breast cells. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
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12
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Modulatory effect of exogenous Coenzyme Q 10 on redox and inflammatory biomarkers during aging in rats. Biol Futur 2022; 73:473-481. [PMID: 36443592 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-022-00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An impaired redox homeostasis is an important hallmark of biological aging. Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant that decreases with age and has been linked to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on redox homeostasis and levels of inflammatory cytokines in young and old rats. Male Wistar rats (young and old) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6). Group I: young control, Group II: young rats treated with CoQ10, Group III: old control, Group IV: old rats treated with CoQ10. CoQ10 (20 mg/kg) was administered daily to Group II and IV via oral gavage. After 28 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. Results demonstrated a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl oxidation, advanced oxidation protein products, inflammatory cytokines: CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, and a decline in levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, ferric reducing antioxidant potential in plasma and plasma membrane redox system in old rats when compared to young rats. After treatment with CoQ10 significant decrease in the level of MDA, PCO, AOPP, CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α was observed. Also, significant up-regulation of SOD, CAT, GSH, FRAP, and PMRS was observed. The results show that supplementing rats with CoQ10 aids in the maintenance of redox equilibrium with replenishment of antioxidant reserves and down-regulation of inflammatory biomarkers. Thus CoQ10 supplementation could be a potential anti-aging therapy.
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13
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Marotta N, Calafiore D, Curci C, Lippi L, Ammendolia V, Ferraro F, Invernizzi M, de Sire A. Integrating virtual reality and exergaming in cognitive rehabilitation of patients with Parkinson disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2022; 58:818-826. [PMID: 36169933 PMCID: PMC10081485 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.22.07643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, growing attention is rising to virtual reality (VR) tools and exergaming in rehabilitation management of patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, no strong evidence supports the effectiveness of these cutting-edge technologies on cognitive function and the integration of these promising tool in the rehabilitation framework of PD patients is still challenging. Therefore, the present systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at assessing the effects of VR and exergames/telerehabilitation in the cognitive rehabilitation management of patients with PD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were systematically searched up to February 14th, 2022, to identify RCTs assessing patients with PD undergoing cognitive rehabilitation including VR or exergames/telerehabilitation. The intervention was compared to conventional rehabilitation protocols. The primary outcome was cognitive function. The quality assessment was performed following the Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). PROSPERO registration code: CRD42022319788. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Out of 1419 identified studies, 66 articles were assessed for eligibility, and, at the end of the screening process, 10 studies were included in the present systematic review. Five RCTs (50%) assessed the exergaming devices, reporting significant positive results on cognitive outcomes scales (Trail Making test scale, Digit Span backward, MoCA, and MyCQ score). The other 5 RTCs (50%) assessed VR approaches, reporting significant improvement in executive functions. The RoB 2 showed an overall high risk of bias for the 40% of studies included. CONCLUSIONS Exergaming and VR might be considered promising rehabilitation interventions in the cognitive rehabilitation framework of PD patients. Further high-quality studies are needed to define the role of exergames and VR in a comprehensive rehabilitation approach aiming at improving the multilevel cognitive impairment characterizing patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Marotta
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dario Calafiore
- Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, Mantua, Italy
| | - Claudio Curci
- Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, Mantua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lippi
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Unit of Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Valerio Ammendolia
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferraro
- Unit Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurosciences, ASST Carlo Poma, Mantua, Italy
| | - Marco Invernizzi
- Unit of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Unit of Translational Medicine, Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca e Innovazione (DAIRI), Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Unit of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Grecia University, Catanzaro, Italy -
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14
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Zhao W, Teng M, Zhang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang C. Insights into the mechanisms of organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms: Advances and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119120. [PMID: 35283202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms play positive ecological roles in soil formation, structure, and fertility, environmental protection, and terrestrial food chains. For this review, we searched the Web of Science database for articles published from 2011 to 2021 using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" and retrieved 632 publications. From the perspective of bibliometric analysis, we conducted a co-occurrence network analysis using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" to identify the most and least reported topics. "Eisenia fetida," "bioaccumulation," "heavy metals," "oxidative stress," and "pesticides" were the most common terms, and "microbial community," "bacteria," "PFOS," "bioaugmentation," "potentially toxic elements," "celomic fluid," "neurotoxicity," "joint toxicity," "apoptosis," and "nanoparticles" were uncommon terms. Additionally, in this review we highlight the main routes of organic pollutant entry into soil, and discuss the adverse effects on the soil ecosystem. We then systematically review the mechanisms underlying organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms, including oxidative stress, energy and lipid metabolism disturbances, neurological toxicity, intestinal inflammation and injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and reproductive toxicity. We conclude by discussing future research perspectives, focusing on environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions, novel data processing approaches, technologies, and detoxification and mitigation methods. This review has implications for soil management in the context of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic Of China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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The NADH-ubiquinone reductase and succinate dehydrogenase activity in the rat kidney mitochondria under the conditions of different protein and sucrose content in the diet. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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16
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Yang HL, Tsai CH, Shrestha S, Lee CC, Liao JW, Hseu YC. Coenzyme Q 0, a novel quinone derivative of Antrodia camphorata, induces ROS-mediated cytotoxic autophagy and apoptosis against human glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112384. [PMID: 34229024 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q0 (CoQ0, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) derived from Antrodia camphorata exerts anticancer activities against breast, melanoma, and ovarian carcinoma. Glioblastoma multiforme is a common tumor affecting the central nervous system. This study explored anticancer properties of CoQ0 on human glioblastoma both in vitro and in vivo, and explained the molecular mechanism behind it. CoQ0 treatment retarded the growth and suppressed colony formation in glioblastoma (U87MG and GBM8401) cells. CoQ0 induced apoptosis by activation of caspase-3, cleavage of PARP, and dysregulation of Bax and Bcl-2 in both cell lines. Annexin V/PI staining indicated CoQ0 mediated necrosis and apoptosis. Interestingly, AVOs were increased trough induction of autophagy by CoQ0, LC3-II accumulation, and p62/SQSTM1 expression, leading to death mechanism. Z-VAD-FMK has no effect on CoQ0-induced autophagy but autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA)/chloroquine (CQ) led to CoQ0-induced apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited CoQ0-mediated ROS production and diminished CoQ0-induced apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Further, CoQ0 inhibited PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. CoQ0 reduced the tumor burden in U87MG and GBM8401 xenografted athymic nude mice and significantly modulated tumor xenograft by inducing apoptosis and autophagy. CoQ0 generated ROS-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death for effective glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yang
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Sirjana Shrestha
- Institute of Nutrition, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chen Lee
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - You-Cheng Hseu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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17
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Aarsland D, Batzu L, Halliday GM, Geurtsen GJ, Ballard C, Ray Chaudhuri K, Weintraub D. Parkinson disease-associated cognitive impairment. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:47. [PMID: 34210995 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 132.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting >1% of the population ≥65 years of age and with a prevalence set to double by 2030. In addition to the defining motor symptoms of PD, multiple non-motor symptoms occur; among them, cognitive impairment is common and can potentially occur at any disease stage. Cognitive decline is usually slow and insidious, but rapid in some cases. Recently, the focus has been on the early cognitive changes, where executive and visuospatial impairments are typical and can be accompanied by memory impairment, increasing the risk for early progression to dementia. Other risk factors for early progression to dementia include visual hallucinations, older age and biomarker changes such as cortical atrophy, as well as Alzheimer-type changes on functional imaging and in cerebrospinal fluid, and slowing and frequency variation on EEG. However, the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in PD remain largely unclear. Cortical involvement of Lewy body and Alzheimer-type pathologies are key features, but multiple mechanisms are likely involved. Cholinesterase inhibition is the only high-level evidence-based treatment available, but other pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies are being tested. Challenges include the identification of disease-modifying therapies as well as finding biomarkers to better predict cognitive decline and identify patients at high risk for early and rapid cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK. .,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gert J Geurtsen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Adriana C, Budiastuti A, Kabulrachman K, Widayati RI, Riyanto P, Muslimin M. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation as an Adjuvant Therapy Potentially Increase Serum Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Acne Vulgaris Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the pilosebaceous unit. Recent research has begun to focus on the essential relationship between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis of AV. The use of antioxidants like coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) that has various advantages as adjuvant therapy is expected to be beneficial for AV.
AIM: The study was aimed to analyze the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on serum SOD levels and the severity of AV patients.
METHODS: A double blind-randomized controlled trial was carried out on 36 patients with AV and classified according to severity degree of AV. These patients were randomly divided into two groups (treatment group with tretinoin 0.025% cream and once-daily supplementation of CoQ10 100 mg tablet; and placebo group with tretinoin 0.025% cream and once-daily placebo tablet). Response to treatment was based on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and AV severity degree.
RESULTS: Administration of CoQ10 to AV patients significantly increase serum SOD level (p = 0.008) and improves the severity of AV after 8 weeks (p = 0.008).
CONCLUSION: CoQ10 supplementation can increase serum SOD levels and improve the severity of AV.
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19
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Stability of Reduced and Oxidized Coenzyme Q10 in Finished Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030360. [PMID: 33673604 PMCID: PMC7997171 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements is closely associated with its content and stability in finished products. This study aimed to provide evidence-based information on the quality and stability of CoQ10 in dietary supplements and medicines. Therefore, ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 contents were determined by a validated HPLC-UV method in 11 commercial products with defined or undefined CoQ10 form. Both forms were detected in almost all tested products, resulting in a total of CoQ10 content between 82% and 166% of the declared. Ubiquinol, ubiquinone, and total CoQ10 stability in these products were evaluated within three months of accelerated stability testing. Ubiquinol, which is recognized as the less stable form, was properly stabilized. Contrarily, ubiquinone degradation and/or reduction were observed during storage in almost all tested products. These reactions were also detected at ambient temperature within the products’ shelf-lives and confirmed in ubiquinone standard solutions. Ubiquinol, generated by ubiquinone reduction with vitamin C during soft-shell capsules’ storage, may lead to higher bioavailability and health outcomes. However, such conversion and inappropriate content in products, which specify ubiquinone, are unacceptable in terms of regulation. Therefore, proper CoQ10 stabilization through final formulations regardless of the used CoQ10 form is needed.
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20
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Khalilian B, Madadi S, Fattahi N, Abouhamzeh B. Coenzyme Q10 enhances remyelination and regulate inflammation effects of cuprizone in corpus callosum of chronic model of multiple sclerosis. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:125-134. [PMID: 33245472 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that causes the most disability in young people, besides trauma. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)-also known as ubiquinone-is an endogenous lipid-soluble antioxidant in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain which can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, the processes associated with demyelination in MS. Cuprizone (CPZ) intoxication is a well-established model of inducing MS, best for studying demyelination-remyelination. In this study, we examined for the first time the role of CoQ10 in preventing demyelination and induction of remyelination in the chronic CPZ model of MS. 40 male mice were divided into four groups. 3 group chewed CPZ-containing food for 12 weeks to induce MS. After 4 weeks, one group were treated with CoQ10 (150 mg/kg/day) by daily gavage until the end of the experiment, while CPZ poisoning continued. At the end of 12 weeks, tail suspension test (TST) and open field test (OFT) was taken and animals were sacrificed to assess myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor-1 (Olig1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by Elisa test. Luxol fast blue (LFB) staining was used to evaluate histological changes. CoQ10 administration promoted remyelination in histological findings. MBP and Olig-1 expression were increased significantly in CoQ10 treated group compare to the CPZ-intoxicated group. CoQ10 treatment alleviated stress oxidative status induced by CPZ and dramatically suppress inflammatory biomarkers. CPZ ingestion made no significant difference between normal control group and the CPZ-intoxicated group in TST and OFT. CoQ10 can enhance remyelination in the CPZ model and potentially might have same effects in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Khalilian
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, 1411718541, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Madadi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Nima Fattahi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Beheshteh Abouhamzeh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, 1411718541, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Morris G, Walker AJ, Walder K, Berk M, Marx W, Carvalho AF, Maes M, Puri BK. Increasing Nrf2 Activity as a Treatment Approach in Neuropsychiatry. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2158-2182. [PMID: 33411248 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor encoded by NFE2L2. Under oxidative stress, Nrf2 does not undergo its normal cytoplasmic degradation but instead travels to the nucleus, where it binds to a DNA promoter and initiates transcription of anti-oxidative genes. Nrf2 upregulation is associated with increased cellular levels of glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferases, thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Given its key role in governing the cellular antioxidant response, upregulation of Nrf2 has been suggested as a common therapeutic target in neuropsychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, which are associated with chronic oxidative and nitrosative stress, characterised by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. These processes lead to extensive lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and carbonylation, and oxidative damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Intake of N-acetylcysteine, coenzyme Q10 and melatonin is accompanied by increased Nrf2 activity. N-acetylcysteine intake is associated with improved cerebral mitochondrial function, decreased central oxidative and nitrosative stress, reduced neuroinflammation, alleviation of endoplasmic reticular stress and suppression of the unfolded protein response. Coenzyme Q10, which acts as a superoxide scavenger in neuroglial mitochondria, instigates mitohormesis, ameliorates lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane, activates uncoupling proteins, promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and has positive effects on the plasma membrane redox system. Melatonin, which scavenges mitochondrial free radicals, inhibits mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase, restores mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, deacetylates and activates mitochondrial SIRT3, ameliorates increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier and intestine and counters neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morris
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A J Walker
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - K Walder
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - M Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - W Marx
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Maes
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Barwon Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Targeting metabolic pathways for extension of lifespan and healthspan across multiple species. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101188. [PMID: 33031925 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism plays a significant role in the regulation of aging at different levels, and metabolic reprogramming represents a major driving force in aging. Metabolic reprogramming leads to impaired organismal fitness, an age-dependent increase in susceptibility to diseases, decreased ability to mount a stress response, and increased frailty. The complexity of age-dependent metabolic reprogramming comes from the multitude of levels on which metabolic changes can be connected to aging and regulation of lifespan. This is further complicated by the different metabolic requirements of various tissues, cross-organ communication via metabolite secretion, and direct effects of metabolites on epigenetic state and redox regulation; however, not all of these changes are causative to aging. Studies in yeast, flies, worms, and mice have played a crucial role in identifying mechanistic links between observed changes in various metabolic traits and their effects on lifespan. Here, we review how changes in the organismal and organ-specific metabolome are associated with aging and how targeting of any one of over a hundred different targets in specific metabolic pathways can extend lifespan. An important corollary is that restriction or supplementation of different metabolites can change activity of these metabolic pathways in ways that improve healthspan and extend lifespan in different organisms. Due to the high levels of conservation of metabolism in general, translating findings from model systems to human beings will allow for the development of effective strategies for human health- and lifespan extension.
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23
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Role of mitochondria, oxidative stress and the response to antioxidants in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: A possible approach to SARS-CoV-2 'long-haulers'? Chronic Dis Transl Med 2020; 7:14-26. [PMID: 33251031 PMCID: PMC7680046 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic patients have developed chronic symptoms lasting weeks or months which are very similar to those described for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. This study reviews the current literature and understanding of the role that mitochondria, oxidative stress and antioxidants may play in the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic fatigue. It describes what is known about the dysfunctional pathways which can develop in mitochondria and their relationship to chronic fatigue. It also reviews what is known about oxidative stress and how this can be related to the pathophysiology of fatigue, as well as examining the potential for specific therapy directed at mitochondria for the treatment of chronic fatigue in the form of antioxidants. This study identifies areas which require urgent, further research in order to fully elucidate the clinical and therapeutic potential of these approaches.
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Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Varela-López A, Navarro-Hortal MD, Ramos-Pleguezuelos FM, Márquez-Lobo B, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ochoa JJ, Battino M, Quiles JL. Longevity and Cause of Death in Male Wistar Rats Fed Lifelong Diets Based on Virgin Olive Oil, Sunflower Oil, or Fish Oil. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:442-451. [PMID: 30953048 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extending life by delaying the aging process has been proven to be the most effective way to fight multiple chronic diseases in elderly adults. Evidence suggests that longevity is inversely related to unsaturation of membrane phospholipids. This study investigated how different unsaturated dietary fats affect life span and cause of death in male Wistar rats fed diets based on virgin olive oil (V), sunflower oil (S), or fish oil (F), which were supplemented or not with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Previous results suggest that individual longevity and survival probability at different ages may be modulated by an appropriate dietary fat treatment. Lifelong feeding with V or F diets would reduce death probability compared to feeding with S diet at certain ages, although the effects of V diet would be maintained for most of life. Furthermore, the addition of lower amounts of CoQ10 reduced mortality associated with S diet, but CoQ10 had no effect on survival when combined with virgin olive oil or fish oil. Supplementation with low doses of CoQ10 failed to increase the maximum life span potential of rats fed a V or F diet. No clear evidence showing that monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, or CoQ10 exerted the observed effects by modulating the rate of aging has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria D Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada
| | | | | | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "Jose Mataix," Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Armilla, Granada
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Wang Y, Hekimi S. Micellization of coenzyme Q by the fungicide caspofungin allows for safe intravenous administration to reach extreme supraphysiological concentrations. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101680. [PMID: 32810741 PMCID: PMC7451649 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10; also known as ubiquinone) is a vital, redox-active membrane component that functions as obligate electron transporter in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, as cofactor in other enzymatic processes and as antioxidant. CoQ10 supplementation has been widely investigated for treating a variety of acute and chronic conditions in which mitochondrial function or oxidative stress play a role. In addition, it is used as replacement therapy in patients with CoQ deficiency including inborn primary CoQ10 deficiency due to mutations in CoQ10-biosynthetic genes as well as secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which is frequently observed in patients with mitochondrial disease syndrome and in other conditions. However, despite many tests and some promising results, whether CoQ10 treatment is beneficial in any indication has remained inconclusive. Because CoQ10 is highly insoluble, it is only available in oral formulations, despite its very poor oral bioavailability. Using a novel model of CoQ-deficient cells, we screened a library of FDA-approved drugs for an activity that could increase the uptake of exogenous CoQ10 by the cell. We identified the fungicide caspofungin as capable of increasing the aqueous solubility of CoQ10 by several orders of magnitude. Caspofungin is a mild surfactant that solubilizes CoQ10 by forming nano-micelles with unique properties favoring stability and cellular uptake. Intravenous administration of the formulation in mice achieves unprecedented increases in CoQ10 plasma levels and in tissue uptake, with no observable toxicity. As it contains only two safe components (caspofungin and CoQ10), this injectable formulation presents a high potential for clinical safety and efficacy. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) can be solubilized by the antifungal drug caspofungin (CF). CF is a mild surfactant and solubilizes CoQ10 in water by forming micellar structures with a high CoQ10 content. CF/CoQ10 micelles have unique properties favoring rapid and efficient uptake into cells and mitochondria. CF/CoQ10 micelles can be intravenously administrated without signs of toxicity. Intravenous administration of CF/CoQ10 in mice achieves unprecedented elevation of CoQ10 plasma levels and tissue uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Fernández-del-Río L, Soubeyrand E, Basset GJ, Clarke CF. Metabolism of the Flavonol Kaempferol in Kidney Cells Liberates the B-ring to Enter Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132955. [PMID: 32605010 PMCID: PMC7412559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an important antioxidant present in all cellular membranes. CoQ deficiencies are frequent in aging and in age-related diseases, and current treatments are limited to CoQ supplementation. Strategies that rely on CoQ supplementation suffer from poor uptake and trafficking of this very hydrophobic molecule. In a previous study, the dietary flavonol kaempferol was reported to serve as a CoQ ring precursor and to increase the CoQ content in kidney cells, but neither the part of the molecule entering CoQ biosynthesis nor the mechanism were described. In this study, kaempferol labeled specifically in the B-ring was isolated from Arabidopsis plants. Kidney cells treated with this compound incorporated the B-ring of kaempferol into newly synthesized CoQ, suggesting that the B-ring is metabolized via a mechanism described in plant cells. Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid present in fruits and vegetables and possesses antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory therapeutic properties. A better understanding of the role of kaempferol as a CoQ ring precursor makes this bioactive compound a potential candidate for the design of interventions aiming to increase endogenous CoQ biosynthesis and may improve CoQ deficient phenotypes in aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Fernández-del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (L.F.-d.-R.); (C.F.C.); Tel.: +1-(310)-825-0771 (C.F.C.)
| | - Eric Soubeyrand
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (E.S.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Gilles J. Basset
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (E.S.); (G.J.B.)
| | - Catherine F. Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: (L.F.-d.-R.); (C.F.C.); Tel.: +1-(310)-825-0771 (C.F.C.)
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Temova Rakuša Ž, Kristl A, Roškar R. Quantification of reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q10 in supplements and medicines by HPLC-UV. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:2580-2589. [PMID: 32930284 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00683a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements are widely used because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, especially in the management of cardiovascular diseases. The latest pharmaceutical approach to increase CoQ10 bioavailability and efficiency is the formulation of its reduced form. Regardless of the growing number and usage of CoQ10 preparations, their analytics and quality control is inadequate, neglecting interconversion between the two CoQ10 forms. Therefore, this study proposes a HPLC-UV method for the simultaneous quantification of both reduced and oxidized coenzyme Q10, as well as total CoQ10, as a sum of its individual forms. The suitability of the developed method was confirmed by two additional approaches for total CoQ10 determination - its total reduction and oxidation, differing from the proposed procedure only in the final stage of sample preparation. The results for total CoQ10 content were consistent between the three procedures and also with the official USP method for total CoQ10 determination. The proposed method was applied to 13 dietary supplements and medicines in the form of soft- and hard-shell capsules, revealing the co-existence of both CoQ10 forms in 85% of the tested preparations. CoQ10 forms that were undeclared accounted for up to 75% of the CoQ10 content, which is overlooked by current official methods that evaluate only the total CoQ10 content. This validated HPLC-UV method for the unequivocal quantification of reduced and oxidized CoQ10 is therefore appropriate for the routine analysis of CoQ10 preparations in quality control laboratories, as well as for stability studies, and is suggested to be adopted as an official method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žane Temova Rakuša
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Albin Kristl
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Robert Roškar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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MitoQ and CoQ10 supplementation mildly suppresses skeletal muscle mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels without impacting mitochondrial function in middle-aged men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1657-1669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Changes in the expression of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in the aging intestinal mucosa. Exp Gerontol 2020; 135:110924. [PMID: 32173460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondria produce cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mediated by respiratory chain complexes I to IV and ATP synthase (complex V). Mitochondrial respiratory complexes have been shown to decline with age in several tissues. As the intestinal epithelium is a tissue with a high energy demand, the aim of the present study was to establish whether the expression profile of OXPHOS subunits in the intestinal mucosa changes during the aging process. DESIGN Biopsies of intestinal mucosa with no evidence of endoscopic or histomorphologic abnormalities, taken from 55 patients (mean age 42 years, age range 4-82 years; 62% female), were divided into four age groups (4-19, 20-39, 40-59, ≥60 years). Sections from different intestinal segments (terminal ileum, ascending colon, and sigmoid colon/rectum) were stained immunohistochemically (IHC) for subunits of OXPHOS complexes I-V and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 protein (VDAC1, porin), a marker of mitochondrial mass. Scores for IHC staining were determined by multiplication of the staining intensity and the percentage of positive cells. In addition, the numbers of intestinal crypts staining positive, partly positive, and negative were assessed. RESULTS The average protein expression levels of OXPHOS subunits increased continuously from childhood onward, peaked in persons aged 20 to 59 years, and declined thereafter. This was seen for complexes II to V in the terminal ileum, complexes I to V in the ascending colon, and complexes I to IV in the sigmoid colon/rectum. Across all age groups, no effect of age on expression of the porin subunit VDAC1 was detected. The number of complex I- and IV-negative crypts in different intestinal segments increased with age. CONCLUSION The protein expression levels of OXPHOS complexes increases from childhood onward and declines in elderly individuals, while the numbers of crypts with partial or complete loss of expression of complexes I and IV increase continuously with age. These data suggest that the continued reductions in the levels of mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes in crypts might be compensated in adulthood, but that, ultimately, reduced expression levels occur in persons aged 60 years and older. These findings raise two important questions: first, can the process of aging could be delayed through (pharmacological) intervention of mitochondrial pathways, and second, pathophysiologically, are these findings associated with disorders of the intestinal mucosa, e.g. inflammation?
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El Basuini MF, Teiba II, Zaki MAA, Alabssawy AN, El-Hais AM, Gabr AA, Dawood MAO, Zaineldin AI, Mzengereza K, Shadrack RS, Dossou S. Assessing the effectiveness of CoQ10 dietary supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, blood health, immune response, and oxidative-related genes expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:420-428. [PMID: 32001349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of CoQ10 dietary supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, blood profile, immune response, and oxidative status of Nile tilapia (12.4 ± 0.11 g, initial body weight). Five experimental diets were formulated containing CoQ10 at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 mg kg-1 diet (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively). The results of a 56-days feeding trial showed that, significantly higher weight gain % (WG %), specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were recorded in fish groups fed diets supplemented with different levels of CoQ10 than fish fed the control diet, while survival rate (SR%), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerasomatic index (VSI) showed no obvious differences (P > 0.05) among all experimental groups. The highest activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase, and lipase) were recorded in D3, D4, and D5 groups. Moreover, blood status of all experimental fish was within normal rates and significant alterations were only in the case of glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglycerides, and total protein (TP), where fish fed on D3, D4 and D5 diets exhibited lower values of glucose, cortisol, T-Chol, and triglycerides and higher values of TP. Furthermore, the lowest values of immune response [lysozyme, bactericidal, respiratory burst (NBT), and alternative complement pathway activities (ACP)], antioxidant capacity and oxidative related genes expressions [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX)] resulted from feeding on the basal diet (D1) compared to CoQ10 diets, especially with its high levels {≥20 mg kg-1 diet (D3, D4, and D5)} in most cases. In conclusion, our results suggest that the use of ≥20 mg CoQ10 kg-1 diet improves the growth and health being of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F El Basuini
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Islam I Teiba
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt; The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | | | | | - Abdelaziz M El-Hais
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Gabr
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Kumbukani Mzengereza
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Ronick S Shadrack
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan
| | - Serge Dossou
- Laboratoire d'Hydrobiologie et d'Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d'Abomey Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
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Surai PF, Kochish II. Nutritional modulation of the antioxidant capacities in poultry: the case of selenium. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4231-4239. [PMID: 30371889 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural antioxidants play important roles in maintaining chicken health, productive and reproductive performance of breeders, layers, rearing birds, and growing broilers. There is a wide range of antioxidant molecules in the body: vitamin E, carotenoids, selenium, ascorbic acid, coenzyme Q, carnitine, taurine, antioxidant enzymes, etc. In the body all antioxidants work together to create the antioxidant network called "antioxidant systems" with Se being the "chief-executive." Analysis of the current data on selenium roles in antioxidant defenses in poultry clearly showed its modulatory effect at the level of breeders, developing embryos, newly hatched chicks, and postnatal chickens. On the one hand, Se is involved in the expression and synthesis of 25 selenoproteins, including GSH-Px, TrxR, and SepP. On the other hand, Se affects non-enzymatic (vitamin E, CoQ, and GSH) and enzymatic (SOD) antioxidant defense mechanisms helping build strong antioxidant defenses. Se efficiency depends on the level of supplementation and form of dietary Se, organic Se sources being more effective modulators of the antioxidant systems in poultry than sodium selenite. Moreover, Se levels in eggs from some wild avian species are close to those found in chicken eggs after 0.3 ppm organic Se supplementation and a search for most effective dietary form of organic Se is a priority in poultry nutrition. Antioxidant/prooxidant (redox) balance of the gut and the role/interactions of Se and microbiota in maintaining gut health would be a priority for future poultry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Surai
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria.,Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russia.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary
| | - Ivan I Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russia
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Díaz-Casado ME, Quiles JL, Barriocanal-Casado E, González-García P, Battino M, López LC, Varela-López A. The Paradox of Coenzyme Q 10 in Aging. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092221. [PMID: 31540029 PMCID: PMC6770889 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it with the capability to work as an antioxidant. Although defects in CoQ biosynthesis in human and mouse models cause CoQ deficiency syndrome, some animals models with particular defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway have shown an increase in life span, a fact that has been attributed to the concept of mitohormesis. Paradoxically, CoQ levels decline in some tissues in human and rodents during aging and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation has shown benefits as an anti-aging agent, especially under certain conditions associated with increased oxidative stress. Also, CoQ10 has shown therapeutic benefits in aging-related disorders, particularly in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Thus, we discuss the paradox of health benefits due to a defect in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or exogenous supplementation of CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elena Díaz-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Pilar González-García
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sicences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Luis C López
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento sn, 18016 Granada, Spain.
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Priyanka K, Singh S. Applications of conjugated systems, nanomedicines, peptides and herbal drugs as mitochondrial targeted delivery systems in the treatment of oxidative stress induced diabetes. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Dudylina AL, Ivanova MV, Kalatanova AV, Kalenikova EI, Makarov VG, Makarova MN, Shumaev KB, Ruuge EK. The Generation of Superoxide Radicals by Cardiac Mitochondria and the Antioxidant Effect of the Water-Soluble Form of Ubiquinol-10. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350919020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
The aging process includes impairment in mitochondrial function, a reduction in anti-oxidant activity, and an increase in oxidative stress, marked by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Oxidative damage to macromolecules including DNA and electron transport proteins likely increases ROS production resulting in further damage. This oxidative theory of cell aging is supported by the fact that diseases associated with the aging process are marked by increased oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels fall with aging in the human but this is not seen in all species or all tissues. It is unknown whether lower CoQ10 levels have a part to play in aging and disease or whether it is an inconsequential cellular response to aging. Despite the current lay public interest in supplementing with CoQ10, there is currently not enough evidence to recommend CoQ10 supplementation as an anti-aging anti-oxidant therapy.
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Safety Assessment of Ubiquinol Acetate: Subchronic Toxicity and Genotoxicity Studies. J Toxicol 2019; 2019:3680757. [PMID: 31057608 PMCID: PMC6463567 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3680757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid soluble, endogenous antioxidant present at highest levels in the heart followed by the kidney and liver. The reduced CoQ10 ubiquinol is well known for its chemical instability and low bioavailability. The present study was designed to synthesize ubiquinol acetate, which is more stable and biologically active, and further evaluate its safety and genotoxic potential. Synthesized ubiquinol acetate showed better stability than that of ubiquinol at the end of 3 months. In vitro genotoxicity studies (AMES test, in vitro micronucleus and chromosomal aberration) showed ubiquinol acetate as nongenotoxic with no clastogenic or aneugenic effects at high dose of 5000 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. In subchronic toxicity study, ubiquinol acetate was administered orally to Sprague Dawley rats at 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg/day for 90 days. No treatment related adverse effects were observed in males at 600 mg/kg/day; however, females showed treatment related increase in AST and ALT with small focal irregular white-yellow spots in liver on gross necropsy examination. Histopathological evaluation revealed hepatocellular necrosis in high dose females which was considered as adverse. Based on the results, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of ubiquinol acetate in males and females was determined as 600 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively.
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Mi Y, Gao X, Xu H, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Gou X. The Emerging Roles of Ferroptosis in Huntington's Disease. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:110-119. [PMID: 30600476 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-8518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, which is caused by an abnormal CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. Despite its well-defined genetic origin, the molecular mechanisms of neuronal death are unclear yet, thus there are no effective strategies to block or postpone the process of HD. Ferroptosis, a recently identified iron-dependent cell death, attracts considerable attention due to its putative involvement in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulative data suggest that ferroptosis is very likely to participate in HD, and inhibition of the molecules and signaling pathways involved in ferroptosis can significantly eliminate the symptoms and pathology of HD. This review first describes evidence for the close relevance of ferroptosis and HD in patients and mouse models, then summarizes advances for the mechanisms of ferroptosis involved in HD, finally outlines some therapeutic strategies targeted ferroptosis. Comprehensive understanding of the emerging roles of ferroptosis in the occurrence of HD will help us to explore effective therapies for slowing the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders, and Department of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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Banihani SA. Effect of Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation on Testosterone. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040172. [PMID: 30551653 PMCID: PMC6316376 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing testosterone production in males is a continuous research direction for many scientists in the field, due to its role as a principal sex hormone and as a crucial modulator of well-being and general health in humans. Since 1978, there have been more than 30 studies that have connected coenzyme Q10 and testosterone. Such a link is attributable to the vigorous biological role of coenzyme Q10 as a crucial member in the energy production route in humans and animals, which is thought to have a positive influence on testosterone production, and hence on infertility, particularly male infertility. However, this connection has not yet been deliberated. The present work systematically reviews and summarizes the influence of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. To accomplish this purpose, the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords “coenzyme Q10” versus “testosterone” for English language papers from November 1978 through October 2018. Relevant articles were also discussed and included to address an integral discussion. In summary, to date the studies conducted on human males reveal insignificant effects of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on testosterone. Similarly, rather than the reproductive toxicity studies, the studies conducted on animals did not show any positive influence of coenzyme Q10 on testosterone. However, coenzyme Q10 supplementation was found to ameliorate the reduction in testosterone induced by chemical reproductive toxicants, mainly by neutralizing the damaging effect of the generated free radicals. However, collectively these findings require further confirmation by additional research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ali Banihani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Folch J, Busquets O, Ettcheto M, Sánchez-López E, Pallàs M, Beas-Zarate C, Marin M, Casadesus G, Olloquequi J, Auladell C, Camins A. Experimental Models for Aging and their Potential for Novel Drug Discovery. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:1466-1483. [PMID: 28685671 PMCID: PMC6295931 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170707155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An interesting area of scientific research is the development of potential antiaging drugs. In order to pursue this goal, it is necessary to gather the specific knowledge about the adequate preclinical models that are available to evaluate the beneficial effects of new potential drugs. This review is focused on invertebrate and vertebrate preclinical models used to evaluate the efficacy of antiaging compounds, with the objective to extend life span and health span. Methods: Research and online content related to aging, antiaging drugs, experimental aging models is reviewed. Moreover, in this review, the main experimental preclinical models of organisms that have contributed to the research in the pharmacol-ogy of lifespan extension and the understanding of the aging process are discussed. Results: Dietary restriction (DR) constitutes a common experimental process to extend life span in all organisms. Besides, classical antiaging drugs such as resveratrol, rapamycin and metformin denominated as DR mimetics are also discussed. Likewise, the main therapeutic targets of these drugs include sirtuins, IGF-1, and mTOR, all of them being modulated by DR. Conclusion: Advances in molecular biology have uncovered the potential molecular pathways involved in the aging process. Due to their characteristics, invertebrate models are mainly used for drug screening. The National Institute on Aging (NIA) developed the Interventions Testing Program (ITP). At the pre-clinical level, the ITP uses Heterogeneous mouse model (HET) which is probably the most suitable rodent model to study potential drugs against aging prevention. The accelerated-senescence mouse P8 is also a mammalian rodent model for aging research. However, when evaluating the effect of drugs on a preclinical level, the evaluation must be done in non-human primates since it is the mammalian specie closest to humans. Research is needed to investigate the impact of new potential drugs for the increase of human quality of
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Folch
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oriol Busquets
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Unitat de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Farmacia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisico-química, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Miguel Marin
- Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
| | - Gemma Casadesus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Carme Auladell
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Departamento de Biologia Celulary Molecular, C.U.C.B.A., Universidad de Guadalajara and Division de Neurociencias, Sierra Mojada 800, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.,Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Departament Deaprtament de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Biotecnologia. Universidad Nacional de Loja, Av. Pío Jaramillo Alvarado y Reinaldo Espinosa, La Argelia. Loja, Ecuador
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Diaz‐Ruiz A, Lanasa M, Garcia J, Mora H, Fan F, Martin‐Montalvo A, Di Francesco A, Calvo‐Rubio M, Salvador‐Pascual A, Aon MA, Fishbein KW, Pearson KJ, Villalba JM, Navas P, Bernier M, de Cabo R. Overexpression of CYB5R3 and NQO1, two NAD + -producing enzymes, mimics aspects of caloric restriction. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12767. [PMID: 29706024 PMCID: PMC6052403 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) is one of the most robust means to improve health and survival in model organisms. CR imposes a metabolic program that leads to increased stress resistance and delayed onset of chronic diseases, including cancer. In rodents, CR induces the upregulation of two NADH-dehydrogenases, namely NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (Cyb5r3), which provide electrons for energy metabolism. It has been proposed that this upregulation may be responsible for some of the beneficial effects of CR, and defects in their activity are linked to aging and several age-associated diseases. However, it is unclear whether changes in metabolic homeostasis solely through upregulation of these NADH-dehydrogenases have a positive impact on health and survival. We generated a mouse that overexpresses both metabolic enzymes leading to phenotypes that resemble aspects of CR including a modest increase in lifespan, greater physical performance, a decrease in chronic inflammation, and, importantly, protection against carcinogenesis, one of the main hallmarks of CR. Furthermore, these animals showed an enhancement of metabolic flexibility and a significant upregulation of the NAD+ /sirtuin pathway. The results highlight the importance of these NAD+ producers for the promotion of health and extended lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Diaz‐Ruiz
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and AgingInstitute IMDEA FoodMadridSpain
| | - Michael Lanasa
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Joseph Garcia
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Hector Mora
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Frances Fan
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Alejandro Martin‐Montalvo
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Miguel Calvo‐Rubio
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyAgrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Andrea Salvador‐Pascual
- Department of PhysiologyFundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVAUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Miguel A. Aon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ScienceNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kenneth W. Fishbein
- Laboratory of Clinical InvestigationNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Graduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Pharmacology and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Jose Manuel Villalba
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and ImmunologyAgrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3University of CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | - Placido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia del Desarrollo, and CIBERERInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIUniversidad Pablo de Olavide‐CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology BranchNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Nutritional Interventions Group, Precision Nutrition and AgingInstitute IMDEA FoodMadridSpain
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Pedret A, Fernández-Castillejo S, Valls RM, Catalán Ú, Rubió L, Romeu M, Macià A, López de Las Hazas MC, Farràs M, Giralt M, Mosele JI, Martín-Peláez S, Remaley AT, Covas MI, Fitó M, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Cardiovascular Benefits of Phenol-Enriched Virgin Olive Oils: New Insights from the Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality (VOHF) Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800456. [PMID: 29956886 PMCID: PMC8456742 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The main findings of the "Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality" (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work. METHODS AND RESULTS VOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg-1 ), FVOO (500 mg kg-1 ), and FVOOT (500 mg kg-1 ; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat-soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol-enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources. CONCLUSION Novel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL-cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol-enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), 43204, Reus, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa-Maria Valls
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Macià
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Farràs
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Juana I Mosele
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), 13100, Nacka, Sweden
| | - Montse Fitó
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain
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Clinical syndromes associated with Coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Essays Biochem 2018; 62:377-398. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary Coenzyme Q deficiencies represent a group of rare conditions caused by mutations in one of the genes required in its biosynthetic pathway at the enzymatic or regulatory level. The associated clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous and mainly affect central and peripheral nervous system, kidney, skeletal muscle and heart. Genotype–phenotype correlations are difficult to establish, mainly because of the reduced number of patients and the large variety of symptoms. In addition, mutations in the same COQ gene can cause different clinical pictures. Here, we present an updated and comprehensive review of the clinical manifestations associated with each of the pathogenic variants causing primary CoQ deficiencies.
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Shukla S, Dubey KK. CoQ10 a super-vitamin: review on application and biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:249. [PMID: 29755918 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) or ubiquinone is found in the biological system which is synthesized by the conjugation of benzoquinone ring with isoprenoid chain of variable length. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation energizes the body and increases body energy production in the form of ATP and helps to treat various human diseases such as cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, periodontal disease, etc. Reports of these potential therapeutic advantages of CoQ10 have resulted in its high market demand, which focus the researchers to work on this molecule and develop better bioprocess methods for commercial level production. At the moment, chemical synthesis, semi-synthetic method as well as bio-production utilizing microbes as biofactory are in use for the synthesis of CoQ10. Chemical synthesis involves use of cheap and easily available precursor molecules such as isoprenol, chloromethylquinone, vinylalane, and solanesol. Chemical synthesis methods due to the use of various solvents and chemicals are less feasible, which limits its application. The microbial production of CoQ10 has added advantages of being produced in optically pure form with high yield using inexpensive medium composition. Several bacteria, e.g., Agrobacterium, Paracoccus, Rhodobacterium, and yeast such as Candida, Rhodotorula are the potent ubiquinone producer. Some alternative biosynthetic pathway for designing of CoQ10 production coupled with metabolic engineering might help to increase CoQ10 production. The most common practiced strategy for strain development for commercial CoQ10 production is through natural isolation and chemical mutagenesis. Here, we have reviewed the chemical, semi-synthetic as well as microbial CoQ10 production in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Shukla
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031 India
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Monro JA, Puri BK. A Molecular Neurobiological Approach to Understanding the Aetiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis or Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease) with Treatment Implications. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7377-7388. [PMID: 29411266 PMCID: PMC6096969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, a psychologically based model is widely held to be the basis for the aetiology and treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/systemic exertion intolerance disease (SEID). However, an alternative, molecular neurobiological approach is possible and in this paper evidence demonstrating a biological aetiology for CFS/ME/SEID is adduced from a study of the history of the disease and a consideration of the role of the following in this disease: nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the blood–brain barrier and intestinal permeability, cytokines and infections, metabolism, structural and chemical brain changes, neurophysiological changes and calcium ion mobilisation. Evidence is also detailed for biologically based potential therapeutic options, including: nutritional supplementation, for example in order to downregulate the nitric oxide-peroxynitrite cycle to prevent its perpetuation; antiviral therapy; and monoclonal antibody treatment. It is concluded that there is strong evidence of a molecular neurobiological aetiology, and so it is suggested that biologically based therapeutic interventions should constitute a focus for future research into CFS/ME/SEID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean A Monro
- Breakspear Medical Group, Hemel Hempstead, England, UK
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Hernández-Camacho JD, Bernier M, López-Lluch G, Navas P. Coenzyme Q 10 Supplementation in Aging and Disease. Front Physiol 2018; 9:44. [PMID: 29459830 PMCID: PMC5807419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential component of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and an antioxidant in plasma membranes and lipoproteins. It is endogenously produced in all cells by a highly regulated pathway that involves a mitochondrial multiprotein complex. Defects in either the structural and/or regulatory components of CoQ complex or in non-CoQ biosynthetic mitochondrial proteins can result in a decrease in CoQ concentration and/or an increase in oxidative stress. Besides CoQ10 deficiency syndrome and aging, there are chronic diseases in which lower levels of CoQ10 are detected in tissues and organs providing the hypothesis that CoQ10 supplementation could alleviate aging symptoms and/or retard the onset of these diseases. Here, we review the current knowledge of CoQ10 biosynthesis and primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome, and have collected published results from clinical trials based on CoQ10 supplementation. There is evidence that supplementation positively affects mitochondrial deficiency syndrome and the symptoms of aging based mainly on improvements in bioenergetics. Cardiovascular disease and inflammation are alleviated by the antioxidant effect of CoQ10. There is a need for further studies and clinical trials involving a greater number of participants undergoing longer treatments in order to assess the benefits of CoQ10 treatment in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, kidney diseases, and human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
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Why should neuroscientists worry about iron? The emerging role of ferroptosis in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Behav Brain Res 2017; 341:154-175. [PMID: 29289598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a unique form of programmed death, characterised by cytosolic accumulation of iron, lipid hydroperoxides and their metabolites, and effected by the fatal peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane. It is a major driver of cell death in neurodegenerative neurological diseases. Moreover, cascades underpinning ferroptosis could be active drivers of neuropathology in major psychiatric disorders. Oxidative and nitrosative stress can adversely affect mechanisms and proteins governing cellular iron homeostasis, such as the iron regulatory protein/iron response element system, and can ultimately be a source of abnormally high levels of iron and a source of lethal levels of lipid membrane peroxidation. Furthermore, neuroinflammation leads to the upregulation of divalent metal transporter1 on the surface of astrocytes, microglia and neurones, making them highly sensitive to iron overload in the presence of high levels of non-transferrin-bound iron, thereby affording such levels a dominant role in respect of the induction of iron-mediated neuropathology. Mechanisms governing systemic and cellular iron homeostasis, and the related roles of ferritin and mitochondria are detailed, as are mechanisms explaining the negative regulation of ferroptosis by glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, the cysteine/glutamate antiporter system, heat shock protein 27 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. The potential role of DJ-1 inactivation in the precipitation of ferroptosis and the assessment of lipid peroxidation are described. Finally, a rational approach to therapy is considered, with a discussion on the roles of coenzyme Q10, iron chelation therapy, in the form of deferiprone, deferoxamine (desferrioxamine) and deferasirox, and N-acetylcysteine.
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Varela-López A, Ochoa JJ, Llamas-Elvira JM, López-Frías M, Planells E, Speranza L, Battino M, Quiles JL. Loss of Bone Mineral Density Associated with Age in Male Rats Fed on Sunflower Oil Is Avoided by Virgin Olive Oil Intake or Coenzyme Q Supplementation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1397. [PMID: 28661441 PMCID: PMC5535890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary fat unsaturation and the supplementation of coenzyme Q have been evaluated in relation to bone health. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on two diets varying in the fat source, namely virgin olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, or sunflower oil, rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both dietary fats were supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated in the femur. Serum levels of osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as urinary F₂-isoprostanes were measured. Aged animals fed on virgin olive oil showed higher BMD than those fed on sunflower oil. In addition, CoQ10 prevented the age-related decline in BMD in animals fed on sunflower oil. Urinary F₂-isoprostanes analysis showed that sunflower oil led to the highest oxidative status in old animals, which was avoided by supplementation with CoQ10. In conclusion, lifelong feeding on virgin olive oil or the supplementation of sunflower oil on CoQ10 prevented, at least in part mediated by a low oxidative stress status, the age-related decrease in BMD found in sunflower oil fed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - José M Llamas-Elvira
- Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Magdalena López-Frías
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Planells
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Avda. de las Fuerzas Armadas 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento s.n., Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Calle del Prof. Clavera s.n., 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Varela-López A, Ochoa JJ, Llamas-Elvira JM, López-Frías M, Planells E, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Ramirez-Tortosa CL, Giampieri F, Battino M, Quiles JL. Age-Related Loss in Bone Mineral Density of Rats Fed Lifelong on a Fish Oil-Based Diet Is Avoided by Coenzyme Q 10 Addition. Nutrients 2017; 9:E176. [PMID: 28241421 PMCID: PMC5331607 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, bone mass declines increasing osteoporosis and fracture risks. Oxidative stress has been related to this bone loss, making dietary compounds with antioxidant properties a promising weapon. Male Wistar rats were maintained for 6 or 24 months on diets with fish oil as unique fat source, supplemented or not with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), to evaluate the potential of adding this molecule to the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA)-based diet for bone mineral density (BMD) preservation. BMD was evaluated in the femur. Serum osteocalcin, osteopontin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, ostroprotegerin, parathyroid hormone, urinary F₂-isoprostanes, and lymphocytes DNA strand breaks were also measured. BMD was lower in aged rats fed a diet without CoQ10 respect than their younger counterparts, whereas older animals receiving CoQ10 showed the highest BMD. F₂-isoprostanes and DNA strand breaks showed that oxidative stress was higher during aging. Supplementation with CoQ10 prevented oxidative damage to lipid and DNA, in young and old animals, respectively. Reduced oxidative stress associated to CoQ10 supplementation of this n-3 PUFA-rich diet might explain the higher BMD found in aged rats in this group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Varela-López
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Magdalena López-Frías
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - Elena Planells
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - José L Quiles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Morgan JM, Duncan MC, Johnson KS, Diepold A, Lam H, Dupzyk AJ, Martin LR, Wong WR, Armitage JP, Linington RG, Auerbuch V. Piericidin A1 Blocks Yersinia Ysc Type III Secretion System Needle Assembly. mSphere 2017; 2:e00030-17. [PMID: 28217742 PMCID: PMC5311113 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00030-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a bacterial virulence factor expressed by dozens of Gram-negative pathogens but largely absent from commensals. The T3SS is an attractive target for antimicrobial agents that may disarm pathogenic bacteria while leaving commensal populations intact. We previously identified piericidin A1 as an inhibitor of the Ysc T3SS in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Piericidins were first discovered as inhibitors of complex I of the electron transport chain in mitochondria and some bacteria. However, we found that piericidin A1 did not alter Yersinia membrane potential or inhibit flagellar motility powered by the proton motive force, indicating that the piericidin mode of action against Yersinia type III secretion is independent of complex I. Instead, piericidin A1 reduced the number of T3SS needle complexes visible by fluorescence microscopy at the bacterial surface, preventing T3SS translocator and effector protein secretion. Furthermore, piericidin A1 decreased the abundance of higher-order YscF needle subunit complexes, suggesting that piericidin A1 blocks YscF needle assembly. While expression of T3SS components in Yersinia are positively regulated by active type III secretion, the block in secretion by piericidin A1 was not accompanied by a decrease in T3SS gene expression, indicating that piericidin A1 may target a T3SS regulatory circuit. However, piericidin A1 still inhibited effector protein secretion in the absence of the T3SS regulator YopK, YopD, or YopN. Surprisingly, while piericidin A1 also inhibited the Y. enterocolitica Ysc T3SS, it did not inhibit the SPI-1 family Ysa T3SS in Y. enterocolitica or the Ysc family T3SS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Together, these data indicate that piericidin A1 specifically inhibits Yersinia Ysc T3SS needle assembly. IMPORTANCE The bacterial type III secretion system (T3SS) is widely used by both human and animal pathogens to cause disease yet remains incompletely understood. Deciphering how some natural products, such as the microbial metabolite piericidin, inhibit type III secretion can provide important insight into how the T3SS functions or is regulated. Taking this approach, we investigated the ability of piericidin to block T3SS function in several human pathogens. Surprisingly, piericidin selectively inhibited the Ysc family T3SS in enteropathogenic Yersinia but did not affect the function of a different T3SS within the same species. Furthermore, piericidin specifically blocked the formation of T3SS needles on the bacterial surface without altering the localization of several other T3SS components or regulation of T3SS gene expression. These data show that piericidin targets a mechanism important for needle assembly that is unique to the Yersinia Ysc T3SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Miles C. Duncan
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Kevin S. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Andreas Diepold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hanh Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Allison J. Dupzyk
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Lexi R. Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Weng Ruh Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Judith P. Armitage
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roger G. Linington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Victoria Auerbuch
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
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