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Xie Q, Cao Z, You W, Cai X, Shen M, Yin Z, Jiang Y, Wang X, Ye S. Ganodermanontriol Suppresses the Progression of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Activating CES2 to Enhance the Metabolism of Mycophenolate Mofetil. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:249-261. [PMID: 38419324 PMCID: PMC10940751 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
New anti-lung cancer therapies are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes. Since ganodermanontriol (GDNT) has been identified as a potential antineoplastic agent, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is investigated in this study. Concretely, lung cancer cells were treated with GDNT and/or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), after which MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot were conducted. Following bioinformatics analysis, carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) was knocked down and rescue assays were carried out in vitro. Xenograft experiment was performed on mice, followed by drug administration, measurement of tumor growth and determination of CES2, IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 expressions. As a result, the viability of lung cancer cells was reduced by GDNT or MMF. GDNT enhanced the effects of MMF on suppressing viability, promoting apoptosis and inducing cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells. GDNT up-regulated CES2 level, and strengthened the effects of MMF on down-regulating IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 levels in the cells. IMPDH1 and IMPDH2 were highly expressed in LUAD samples. CES2 was a potential target for GDNT. CES2 knockdown reversed the synergistic effect of GDNT and MMF against lung cancer in vitro. GDNT potentiated the role of MMF in inhibiting tumor growth and expressions of CES2 and IMPDH1/2 in lung cancer in vivo. Collectively, GDNT suppresses the progression of LUAD by activating CES2 to enhance the metabolism of MMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Xie
- Respiratory Department, Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Cao
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Weiling You
- Respiratory Department, Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Mei Shen
- Longquan People’s Hospital, No. 699, Dongcha Road, Longquan City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Zhangyong Yin
- Respiratory Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15 Dazhong Street, Liandu District, Lishui City, Zhejiang Province, 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Jiang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Ye
- School of Public Administration, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Chashan Higher Education Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325006, P.R. China
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Liu C, Song X, Li Y, Ding C, Li X, Dan L, Xu H, Zhang D. A Comprehensive Review on the Chemical Composition, Pharmacology and Clinical Applications of Ganoderma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1983-2040. [PMID: 37903715 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma is the dried fruiting bodiy of Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst. or Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang, belonging to the family Polyporaceae, which grows mainly in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. As a traditional Chinese medicine, Ganoderma has been used in China for more than 2000 years because of its medicinal properties, such as relieving cough and asthma, providing nourishment, and strengthening. Currently, more than 470 natural compounds have been obtained from the fungus, mainly including terpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, and other types of compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Ganoderma has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory effects. It is mainly used in clinical practice for the treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy and malignant tumors, with few side effects and high safety. This paper reviews the progress of research on its chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications, with the goal of providing a basis for the better development and utilization of Ganoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Chao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Linwei Dan
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, P. R. China
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Zhang SS, Ma QY, Xie QY, Yang L, Dai HF, Yu ZF, Zhao YX. A New Sesquiterpenoid from the Fruiting Bodies of Amauroderma amoiensis. Chem Nat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-023-03919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Cheng Y, Ning K, Chen Y, Hou C, Yu H, Yu H, Chen S, Guo X, Dong L. Identification of histone acetyltransferase genes responsible for cannabinoid synthesis in hemp. Chin Med 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 36782242 PMCID: PMC9926835 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play an important role in plant growth and development, stress response, and regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is famous for its high industrial, nutritional, and medicinal value. It contains non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBG), which play important roles as anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety. At present, the involvement of HATs in the regulation of cannabinoid CBD and CBG synthesis has not been clarified. METHODS The members of HAT genes family in hemp were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the expression level of HATs and the level of histone acetylation modification were analyzed based on transcriptome data and protein modification data. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the changes in gene expression levels after inhibitor treatment. The changes of CBD and CBG contents after inhibitor treatment were verified by HPLC-MS analysis. RESULTS Here, 11 HAT genes were identified in the hemp genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that hemp HAT family genes can be divided into six groups. Cannabinoid synthesis genes exhibited spatiotemporal specificity, and histones were acetylated in different inflorescence developmental stages. The expression of cannabinoid synthesis genes was inhibited and the content of CBD and CBG declined by 10% to 55% in the samples treated by HAT inhibitor (PU139). Results indicated that CsHAT genes may regulate cannabinoid synthesis through altering histone acetylation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides genetic information of HATs responsible for cannabinoid synthesis, and offers a new approach for increasing the content of cannabinoid in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Cheng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China ,grid.443651.10000 0000 9456 5774College of Agronomy, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Kang Ning
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Cong Hou
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Haibin Yu
- Yunnan Hemp Industrial Investment CO.LTD, Kunming, 650217 China
| | - Huatao Yu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Shilin Chen
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Agronomy, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Gan D, Li C, Shu Y, Wang J, Wang C, Zhu L, Yang Y, Liu J, He B, Cai L, Ding Z. Steroids and dihydroisocoumarin glycosides from Xylaria sp. by the one strain many compounds strategy and their bioactivities. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:154-160. [PMID: 36871983 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Xylaria sp. KYJ-15 was isolated from Illigera celebica. Based on the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy, the strain was fermented on potato and rice solid media, respectively. As a result, two novel steroids, xylarsteroids A (1) and B (2), which are the first examples of C28-steroid with an unusual β- and γ-lactone ring, respectively, along with two new dihydroisocoumarin glycosides, xylarglycosides A (3) and B (4), were identified. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) experiments. All isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial effect. Compound 1 exhibited potent AChE inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.61 ± 0.05 μmol·L-1. The β-lactone ring unit of 1 is critical for its AChE inhibitory activity. The finding was further confirmed through exploring the interaction of 1 with AChE by molecular docking. In addition, both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited obvious antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg·mL-1. Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus with MICs of 4 and 2 μg·mL-1, respectively, which also exhibited DPPH radical scavenging activity comparable to the positive control with IC50 values of 9.2 ± 0.03 and 13.3 ± 0.01 μmol·L-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gan
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chenzhe Li
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Chengyao Wang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yujun Yang
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Bijian He
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Le Cai
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Zhongtao Ding
- Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China.
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Network Pharmacology Analysis, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Verification Reveal the Action Mechanism of Prunella vulgaris L. in Treating Breast Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5481563. [PMID: 35990843 PMCID: PMC9385303 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5481563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Prunella vulgaris L. is effective in the treatment of breast cancer (BRCA); however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of treatment of BRCA by P. vulgaris using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, and to verify the experimental results using human BRCA MDA-MB-231 cells. Methods Active components and action targets of P. vulgaris were determined using the TCMSP™, SwissTarget Prediction™, and TargetNet™ databases. GeneCards™ and OMIM™ provided BRCA targets. After obtaining common targets, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING™ database, and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were conducted using the Xiantao™ academic database. Cytoscape™ was used to construct “single drug-disease-component-target” and “single drug-disease-component-target-pathway” networks. The Human Protein Atlas™ was used to determine protein expression levels in BRCA cell lines. AutoDock tools™ were used to carry out molecular docking for the first 10 targets of quercetin and the PPI network. Finally, the abovementioned results were verified using cell experiments. Results We obtained 11 active components, 198 targets, and 179 common targets, including DUOX2, MET, TOP2A, and ERBB3. The results of KEGG pathway analysis screened 188 related signaling pathways and indicated the potential key role of PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways in the antibreast cancer process of P. vulgaris. The results of molecular docking showed that the first 10 targets of quercetin interacted well with the protein network. Cell experiments showed that quercetin effectively inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating apoptosis and cell cycle, which may be partly related to the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Synergistic effects of multiple components, targets, and pathways on the anti-BRCA activity of P. vulgaris could provide a theoretical basis for further study on its complex anti-BRCA mechanism.
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Luo K, Huang W, Qiao L, Zhang X, Yan D, Ning Z, Ma C, Dang H, Wang D, Guo H, Xie L, Cheng J. Dendrocalamus latiflorus and its component rutin exhibit glucose-lowering activities by inhibiting hepatic glucose production via AKT activation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2239-2251. [PMID: 35646547 PMCID: PMC9136573 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential medicinal value of Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus), one of the most popular and economically important bamboo species in China, has been underestimated. In the present study, we found that D. latiflorus leaf extract (DLE) reduced fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with low liver toxicity in db/db mice. In addition, gene expression profiling was performed and pathway enrichment analysis showed that DLE affected metabolic pathways. Importantly, DLE activated the AKT signaling pathway and reduced glucose production by downregulating glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1) expression. Moreover, network pharmacology analysis identified rutin as an active component in DLE through targeting insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an upstream signaling transducer of AKT. Due to its hypoglycemic effects and low toxicity, DLE may be considered an adjuvant treatment option for type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenting Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Di Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zhiyu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengmei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Honglei Dang
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
| | - Jing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Medical Systems Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +86 10 80726868; fax: +86 10 80726898
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Li M, Yu L, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Zhai Q, Tian F. Role of dietary edible mushrooms in the modulation of gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Yu JY, Shi T, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Zhao DL, Wang CY. Naphthalene derivatives and halogenate quinoline from the coral-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum (XS-20090075) through OSMAC approach. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:250-257. [PMID: 32077325 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1729752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OSMAC approach was performed on the soft coral-derived fungus Trichoderma harzianum (XS-20090075) leading to the significant changes of its secondary metabolites by using two different cultures. A new naphthalene derivative, trichoharzin B (1) and a new natural product, methyl-trichoharzin (2) were isolated by using rice medium. Whereas, a new natural product, ethyl 2-bromo-4-chloroquinoline-3-carboxylate (9) was obtained by using Czapek's medium. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic investigation. The absolute configuration of 5 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 9 was the first halogenate quinoline derivative isolated from the genus of Trichoderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong-Lin Zhao
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, the Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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Xu ZL, Zheng N, Cao SM, Li ST, Mo TX, Qin YY, Li J, Yang RY. Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Stemphylium lycopersici and Their Antibacterial Activities. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Patil VS, Khatib NA. Triterpene saponins from Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn as a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD1 for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn, Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy, and Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle is widely utilized in traditional folk medicine against diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but lacks the evidence of compound-protein interaction for the treatment.
Methods
Phytocompounds were retrieved from herbs databases and public repositories. Probable protein targets were predicted using BindingDB (p ≥ 0.7). The pathways modulated by compounds were analyzed using the STRING and KEGG pathways. The compound-protein-pathway network was constructed using Cytoscape v3.6.1. Druglikeness was predicted by Molsoft. Docking was performed by AutoDock vina by PyRx 0.8v.
Results
Among three plants, eleven triterpene saponins from B. acutangula showed druggable characteristics and identified to inhibit the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1/HSD11B1) as a key protein target and also inhibit/modulate other 27 protein molecules involved in the 3 major pathways i.e. Metabolic syndrome, cGMP-PKG signaling, and insulin resistance pathways and also these compounds showed interactions with the active site amino acid residues of 11β-HSD1. Among eleven compounds Barringtogenol B scored the highest binding affinity by forming a hydrogen bond with Ile218 active site residue of 11β-HSD1.
Conclusion
Triterpene saponins contained in B. acutangula bark and seed inhibits 11Β-HSD1 and this multi-compound contained enriched fraction could be the potent treatment regimen for T2DM, obesity, and MetS.
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Yang C, Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Ju J, Fu S. Morelsins A–F, six sesquiterpenoids from the liquid culture of Morchella importuna. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang SN, Huang L, Ma RJ, Yang MF, Wei BF, Song HZ, Wang HS, Tan QG. Chemical constituents from the barks of Melia azedarach and their PTP1B inhibitory activity. Nat Prod Res 2020; 35:4442-4447. [PMID: 32081038 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1729146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One new long-chain ester derivative of trans-ferulic acid 1 and one natural tirucallane-type triterpenoid 2, together with forty known compounds (3-42), were isolated from the barks of Melia azedarach. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Compounds 7, 9, 10, 12, 13 showed significant inhibitory activities against PTP1B with IC50 values of 13.82 ± 1.29 μM, 13.29 ± 2.26 μM, 20.27 ± 0.52 μM, 24.36 ± 1.25 μM, 15.23 ± 0.6 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Nan Zhang
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Lin Huang
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Jing Ma
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Ben-Fu Wei
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Song
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Gang Tan
- Pharmacy School, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, P. R. China
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14
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Sun Y, Sun L. Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) Against Tumor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1182:79-118. [PMID: 31777015 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9421-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer potential of Ganoderma (Lingzhi) and its extracts has been widely demonstrated, including antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive, antimetastatic, antiangiogenic, and multidrug resistance reversional activities, involving a variety of cellular and molecular mechanisms besides antitumor immunology. Intrinsic- and extrinsic-initiated apoptotic pathway in association with cell cycle arresting, telomerase inhibiting, autophagy, and oxidative stress is involved in the antiproliferative and apoptosis inductive activities of Ganoderma and its extracts. The inhibition of tumor cell adhesion, invasion, and migration by Ganoderma and its extracts involves molecular mechanisms such as AP-1, NF-κB, MMP, cadherin, β-integrin, c-Met, FAK, EMT, and so on. Targeting the major pro-angiogenic stimulus, VEGF, and its receptor contributes to the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis by Ganoderma and its extracts. Inhibition against the ATP-dependent transmembrane drug transporter such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) on the surface of resistant tumor cells to prevent reduction of the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs by pumping out the drugs plays an important role in the activities of Ganoderma and its extracts to reverse tumor cell multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China.
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15
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Zhao C, Zhang C, Xing Z, Ahmad Z, Li JS, Chang MW. Pharmacological effects of natural Ganoderma and its extracts on neurological diseases: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:1160-1178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Guo WL, Pan YY, Li L, Li TT, Liu B, Lv XC. Ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders and modulates the gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet fed rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:3419-3431. [PMID: 29877551 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GL95) on hyperlipidaemia and gut microbiota, and its regulation mechanism in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). UPLC-QTOF MS indicated that GL95 was enriched with triterpenoids, especially ganoderic acids. The results of the animal experiment showed that oral administration of GL95 markedly alleviated the dyslipidemia through decreasing the levels of serum total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Furthermore, GL95 supplementation altered the composition of gut microbiota, in particular modulating the relative abundance of functionally relevant enterotypes compared with the HFD group. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Alistipes, Defluviitalea, Peptococcaceae and Alloprevotella were negatively correlated with serum and hepatic lipid profiles. Meanwhile, the GL95 treatment regulated the mRNA expression levels of the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The findings above illustrate that Ganoderma triterpenoids have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, in part through modulating specific gut microbiota and regulating the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting Ganoderma triterpenoids as a potential novel functional food for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
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17
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Huang H, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Lin C, Chen S, Lin Y, Mai S, Huang Z. Reverse Screening Methods to Search for the Protein Targets of Chemopreventive Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 29868550 PMCID: PMC5954125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a systematic review of reverse screening methods used to search for the protein targets of chemopreventive compounds or drugs. Typical chemopreventive compounds include components of traditional Chinese medicine, natural compounds and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Such compounds are somewhat selective but are predisposed to bind multiple protein targets distributed throughout diverse signaling pathways in human cells. In contrast to conventional virtual screening, which identifies the ligands of a targeted protein from a compound database, reverse screening is used to identify the potential targets or unintended targets of a given compound from a large number of receptors by examining their known ligands or crystal structures. This method, also known as in silico or computational target fishing, is highly valuable for discovering the target receptors of query molecules from terrestrial or marine natural products, exploring the molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive compounds, finding alternative indications of existing drugs by drug repositioning, and detecting adverse drug reactions and drug toxicity. Reverse screening can be divided into three major groups: shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking. Several large software packages, such as Schrödinger and Discovery Studio; typical software/network services such as ChemMapper, PharmMapper, idTarget, and INVDOCK; and practical databases of known target ligands and receptor crystal structures, such as ChEMBL, BindingDB, and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), are available for use in these computational methods. Different programs, online services and databases have different applications and constraints. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis and multilevel classification of the computational programs, online services and compound libraries available for shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking to enable non-specialist users to quickly learn and grasp the types of calculations used in protein target fishing. In addition, we review the main features of these methods, programs and databases and provide a variety of examples illustrating the application of one or a combination of reverse screening methods for accurate target prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Chenru Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yutong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Shangkang Mai
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
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18
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Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051040. [PMID: 29710800 PMCID: PMC6102583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS), a key downstream enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in treating hyperlipidemia. Compared to statins, SQS inhibitors have shown a very significant lipid-lowering effect and do not cause myotoxicity. Thus, the paper aims to discover potential SQS inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the combination of molecular modeling methods and biological assays. In this study, cynarin was selected as a potential SQS inhibitor candidate compound based on its pharmacophoric properties, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cynarin could form hydrophobic interactions with PHE54, LEU211, LEU183 and PRO292, which are regarded as important interactions for the SQS inhibitors. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of cynarin was tested in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells by decreasing the lipidemic parameter triglyceride (TG) level by 22.50%. Finally. cynarin was reversely screened against other anti-hyperlipidemia targets which existed in HepG2 cells and cynarin was unable to map with the pharmacophore of these targets, which indicated that the lipid-lowering effects of cynarin might be due to the inhibition of SQS. This study discovered cynarin is a potential SQS inhibitor from TCM, which could be further clinically explored for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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19
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Zheng DS, Chen LS. Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit the activation of EBV antigens as telomerase inhibitors. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3273-3278. [PMID: 28912878 PMCID: PMC5585879 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant disease that threatens the health of humans. To find effective agents for the inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is associated with NPC, a phytochemical investigation of Ganoderma lucidum was carried out in the present study. Five triterpenoids were identified, including ganoderic acid A (compound 1), ganoderic acid B (compound 2), ganoderol B (compound 3), ganodermanontriol (compound 4), and ganodermanondiol (compound 5), on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. An inhibition of EBV antigens activation assay was implemented to elucidate the triterpenoids from G. lucidum and potentially prevent NPC. All the triterpenoids showed significant inhibitory effects on both EBV EA and CA activation at 16 nmol. At 3.2 nmol, all the compounds moderately inhibited the activation of the two antigens. The activity of telomerase was inhibited by these triterpenoids at 10 µM. Molecular docking demonstrated that compound 1 was able to inhibit telomerase as a ligand. In addition, the physicochemical properties of these compounds were calculated to elucidate their drug-like properties. These results provided evidence for the application of these triterpenoids and whole G. lucidum in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Shu Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Liang-Shu Chen
- Ward of Cadre Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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20
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Sillapapongwarakorn S, Yanarojana S, Pinthong D, Thithapandha A, Ungwitayatorn J, Supavilai P. Molecular docking based screening of triterpenoids as potential G-quadruplex stabilizing ligands with anti-cancer activity. Bioinformation 2017; 13:284-292. [PMID: 29081607 PMCID: PMC5651221 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenoids isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (GLTs) exhibit a broad spectrum of anti-cancer properties, including anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. Current research studies revealed the role by GLTs in inducing apoptosis and suppression of telomerase activity of cancer cells with much lower toxicity to healthy cells. Compounds selectively binding and stabilizing G-quadruplex structures could inhibit the telomerase or downregulate the oncogenes and may act as anti-cancer agents. Targeting human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA could be one of the mechanisms by which these GLTs exert anti-cancer activity. In this study, 208 GLTs were screened for ligands with high binding affinity and selectively to stabilize the pG4DNA by using the docking tool AutoDock4. The results showed that ganoderic acid A and ganoderic acid Df exhibit high binding affinity and selectively bind to the lateral groove of pG4DNA. Based on our findings, we suggest that the triterpenoid represents a new class of G-quadruplex groove binding ligands and thus act as potential anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somchai Yanarojana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Darawan Pinthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Amnuay Thithapandha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Ungwitayatorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Porntip Supavilai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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21
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Pereira ASP, Bester MJ, Apostolides Z. Exploring the anti-proliferative activity of Pelargonium sidoides DC with in silico target identification and network pharmacology. Mol Divers 2017; 21:809-820. [PMID: 28924942 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pelargonium sidoides DC (Geraniaceae) is a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa that has been widely evaluated for its use in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections. In recent studies, the anti-proliferative potential of P. sidoides was shown, and several phenolic compounds were identified as the bioactive compounds. Little, however, is known regarding their anti-proliferative protein targets. In this study, the anti-proliferative mechanisms of P. sidoides through in silico target identification and network pharmacology methodologies were evaluated. The protein targets of the 12 phenolic compounds were identified using the target identification server PharmMapper and the server for predicting Drug Repositioning and Adverse Reactions via the Chemical-Protein Interactome (DRAR-CPI). Protein-protein and protein-pathway interaction networks were subsequently constructed with Cytoscape 3.4.0 to evaluate potential mechanisms of action. A total of 142 potential human target proteins were identified with the in silico target identification servers, and 90 of these were found to be related to cancer. The protein interaction network was constructed from 86 proteins involved in 209 interactions with each other, and two protein clusters were observed. A pathway enrichment analysis identified over 80 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched with the protein targets and included several pathways specifically related to cancer as well as various signaling pathways that have been found to be dysregulated in cancer. These results indicate that the anti-proliferative activity of P. sidoides may be multifactorial and arises from the collective regulation of several interconnected cell signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S P Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
| | - M J Bester
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa
| | - Z Apostolides
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hillcrest, Pretoria, 0083, South Africa.
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22
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Qiao L, Li B, Chen Y, Li L, Chen X, Wang L, Lu F, Luo G, Li G, Zhang Y. Discovery of Anti-Hypertensive Oligopeptides from Adlay Based on In Silico Proteolysis and Virtual Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2099. [PMID: 27983650 PMCID: PMC5187899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adlay (Coix larchryma-jobi L.) was the commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with high content of seed storage protein. The hydrolyzed bioactive oligopeptides of adlay have been proven to be anti-hypertensive effective components. However, the structures and anti-hypertensive mechanism of bioactive oligopeptides from adlay were not clear. To discover the definite anti-hypertensive oligopeptides from adlay, in silico proteolysis and virtual screening were implemented to obtain potential oligopeptides, which were further identified by biochemistry assay and molecular dynamics simulation. In this paper, ten sequences of adlay prolamins were collected and in silico hydrolyzed to construct the oligopeptide library with 134 oligopeptides. This library was reverse screened by anti-hypertensive pharmacophore database, which was constructed by our research team and contained ten anti-hypertensive targets. Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) was identified as the main potential target for the anti-hypertensive activity of adlay oligopeptides. Three crystal structures of ACE were utilized for docking studies and 19 oligopeptides were finally identified with potential ACE inhibitory activity. According to mapping features and evaluation indexes of pharmacophore and docking, three oligopeptides were selected for biochemistry assay. An oligopeptide sequence, NPATY (IC50 = 61.88 ± 2.77 µM), was identified as the ACE inhibitor by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) assay. Molecular dynamics simulation of NPATY was further utilized to analyze interactive bonds and key residues. ALA354 was identified as a key residue of ACE inhibitors. Hydrophobic effect of VAL518 and electrostatic effects of HIS383, HIS387, HIS513 and Zn2+ were also regarded as playing a key role in inhibiting ACE activities. This study provides a research strategy to explore the pharmacological mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) proteins based on in silico proteolysis and virtual screening, which could be beneficial to reveal the pharmacological action of TCM proteins and provide new lead compounds for peptides-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yankun Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingling Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Fang Lu
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ganggang Luo
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM Foundation and New Drug Research, School of Chinese Material Medica, University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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