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Assadzadeh F, Eshghi H, Afrough T. An Efficient One-Pot and Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclic Systems of 5,6-Dihydrobenzo[b]Pyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]Oxazepine. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Assadzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Afrough
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Advances in the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092684. [PMID: 34064312 PMCID: PMC8124402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article provides a perspective on the synthesis of alicyclic and heterocyclic ring-fused benzimidazoles, imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazoles, and imidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazoles. These heterocycles have a plethora of biological activities with the iminoquinone and quinone derivatives displaying potent bioreductive antitumor activity. Synthesis is categorized according to the cyclization reaction and mechanisms are detailed. Nitrobenzene reduction, cyclization of aryl amidines, lactams and isothiocyanates are described. Protocols include condensation, cross-dehydrogenative coupling with transition metal catalysis, annulation onto benzimidazole, often using CuI-catalysis, and radical cyclization with homolytic aromatic substitution. Many oxidative transformations are under metal-free conditions, including using thermal, photochemical, and electrochemical methods. Syntheses of diazole analogues of mitomycin C derivatives are described. Traditional oxidations of o-(cycloamino)anilines using peroxides in acid via the t-amino effect remain popular.
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Madan Kumar S, Kumar V, Al-Ghorbani M, Shivaram Holla B, Poojary B, Praveen P, Chandra Nayak S, Mohan JS, Thamotharan S, Shamprasad VR, Lokanath NK, Al-Zaqri N, Alsalme A. Theoretical and experimental solid state studies of Ethyl 1-benzyl-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zkri-2020-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The title compound Ethyl 1-benzyl-2-(thiophen-3-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylate (BI) is prepared and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The theoretical optimization and three dimensional molecular structure are confirmed by X-ray diffraction method (single crystal). The C–H…π intermolecular interactions stabilize the crystal structure. The intermolecular contacts in the crystal structure are quantified using Hirshfeld surfaces and the crystal packing is elucidated using 3D energy frameworks analysis. In the frameworks, the dispersion energy term is dominated over the electrostatic energy term. The structural optimization was carried out with B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p) level of theory. The visual representations of positive and negative potentials (electrostatic potential) are mapped on the electron density isosurface. The band gap energy (HOMO-LUMO) of the molecule is calculated to be 4.36 eV. Structural conformation of BI is compared with similar structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasantha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , SDM College (Autonomous) , Ujire 574240, India
- Department of Chemistry , Mangalore University , Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | | | | | - Boja Poojary
- Department of Chemistry , Mangalore University , Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | | | | | - Janani S. Mohan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University 613401, Thanjavur , India
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology , SASTRA Deemed University 613401, Thanjavur , India
| | - Varija Raghu Shamprasad
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Applied Zoology , Mangalore University , Mangalagangothri 574199, India
| | | | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , P. O. Box 2455 , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alsalme
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , P. O. Box 2455 , Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Marinescu M. Recent advances in the use of benzimidazoles as corrosion inhibitors. BMC Chem 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31891162 PMCID: PMC6927191 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Benzimidazole, a key heterocycle in therapeutic chemistry, and its derivatives, are recently mentioned in the literature as corrosion inhibitors for steels (CS, MS), pure metals (Fe, Al, Cu, Zn) and alloys. Benzimidazoles are good corrosion inhibitors for extremely aggressive, corrosive acidic media such as 1 M HCl, 1 M HNO3, 1.5 M H2SO4, basic media, 0.1 M NaOH or salt solutions. Benzimidazole derivatives act as mixed type inhibitors, exhibiting stronger inhibitive effect on the cathodic reaction than on the anodic one. Conclusion These review highlights recent research in the field of benzimidazole compounds that their role as corrosion inhibitors, the structure of the compounds, electrochemical studies, the experimental conditions, the proposed mechanisms as well as the quantum theoretical studies that predict the structure of the compounds with inhibition properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 90-92 Şoseaua Panduri, sector 5, 050663 Bucharest, Romania
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Srinivasulu V, Shehadeh I, Khanfar MA, Malik OG, Tarazi H, Abu-Yousef IA, Sebastian A, Baniowda N, O’Connor MJ, Al-Tel TH. One-Pot Synthesis of Diverse Collections of Benzoxazepine and Indolopyrazine Fused to Heterocyclic Systems. J Org Chem 2018; 84:934-948. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Imad A. Abu-Yousef
- College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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