1
|
Chen CY, Li YH, Li Z, Lee MR. Characterization of effective phytochemicals in traditional Chinese medicine by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21782. [PMID: 35638257 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been widely used in clinical and healthcare applications around the world. The characterization of the phytochemical components in TCMs is very important for studying the therapeutic mechanism of TCMs. In the analysis process, sample preparation and instrument analysis are key steps to improve analysis performance and accuracy. In recent years, chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (MS) has been widely used for the separation and detection of trace components in complex TCM samples. This article reviews various sample preparation techniques and chromatography-MS techniques, including the application of gas chromatography-MS and liquid chromatography-MS and other MS techniques in the characterization of phytochemicals in TCM materials and Chinese medicine products. This article also describes a new ambient ionization MS method for rapid and high-throughput analysis of TCM components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Hsien Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zuguang Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maw-Rong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Food Safety, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheng C, Yu X. Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11078. [PMID: 34681737 PMCID: PMC8540716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection; the pathophysiology of sepsis is complex. The incidence of sepsis is steadily increasing, with worldwide mortality ranging between 30% and 50%. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on the timely and appropriate administration of antimicrobials and supportive therapies, but the search for pharmacotherapies modulating the host response has been unsuccessful. Chinese herbal medicines, i.e., Chinese patent medicines, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and single Chinese herbs, play an important role in the treatment of sepsis through multicomponent, multipathway, and multitargeting abilities and have been officially recommended for the management of COVID-19. Chinese herbal medicines have therapeutic actions promising for the treatment of sepsis; basic scientific research on these medicines is increasing. However, the material bases of most Chinese herbal medicines and their underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current studies of Chinese herbal medicines used for the treatment of sepsis in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics, to provide an important foundation for clarifying the pathogenesis of sepsis and developing novel antisepsis drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ji X, Ding B, Wu X, Liu F, Yang F. In vitro study on the effect of ophiopogonin D on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:262-267. [PMID: 33115303 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1842941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ophiopogonin D is a commonly used herb in cardiology and pediatrics for its variuos pharmacological effects. It is necessary to investigate the effect of ophiopogonin D on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) to provide more guidance for the clinical application of ophiopogonin D. Eight isoforms of CYP450s, including CYP1A2, 2A6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4 were incubated with 100 μM ophiopogonin D in pooled human liver microsomes. The inhibition model and corresponding parameters were also investigated. Ophiopogonin D exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 values of 8.08, 12.92, and 22.72 μM, respectively (p < 0.05). The inhibition of CYP3A4 by ophiopogonin D was performed non-competitively and time-dependently with the Ki value of 4.08 μM and the KI/Kinact value of 5.02/0.050 min-1·μM-1. Whereas, ophiopogonin D acts as a competitive inhibitor of CYP2E1 and 2C9 with the Ki value of 6.69 and 11.07 μM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of ophiopogonin D on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 indicated the potential drug-drug interaction between ophiopogonin D and drugs metabolized by these CYP450s, which needs further in vivo investigation and validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Ji
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Baodong Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoyou Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Qingzhou Dongxia Central Health Center, Weifang, China
| | - Fengqi Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qujing First People's Hospital at Kunming Medical University, Qujing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peng WY, Tsai TH. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Liquid Chromatography for Physical and Chemical Inspection of Industrial Pharmaceutical Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11563-11569. [PMID: 32478246 PMCID: PMC7254810 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiherbal preparation of Coptidis rhizoma, Scutellariae radix, and Rhei rhizoma is a well-known herbal formula, which is widely used in the prescription for relieving heat toxicity, inflammation of the intestine, and eczema. However, little is known about the characteristics of the physical and chemical qualities of industrial pharmaceutical products. The aim of the study is to develop a liquid chromatography system to examine the quality and quantity of pharmaceutical products. Besides scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy photographs with Congo red staining and iodine-KI staining were used for physical examination of the quality of the pharmaceutical products. A reverse-phase C18 column was used to separate the analytes of baicalin, berberine, rhein, and p-hydroxybenzoate (internal standard) with a gradient eluent mobile phase of acetonitrile and 10 mM NaH2PO4 (pH 3.0, adjusted by orthophosphoric acid). The results demonstrated that a large variety of content range presents among the testing herbal pharmaceutical products. The contents of rhein, baicalin, and berberine were around 0.22-22.46, 0.44-50.79, and 0.41-2.48 mg/g, respectively. The physical examination data demonstrated that different brands of industrial pharmaceutical products have different shapes of granules or rods. In summary, to ensure the clinical efficacy of complicated herbal medicine, both quality and quantity controls are all very important. This study provides a reference standard operating procedure guide for the quality control (QC) with chemical and physical examination for the Chinese herbal pharmaceutical products of San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ya Peng
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute
of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Li-Nong Street Section 2, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate
Institute of Acupuncture Science, China
Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School
of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National United
University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
- . Tel: (886-2) 2826 7115. Fax: (886-2) 2822 5044
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Y, Shi Y, Cao C, Han Z, Liu M, Qi M, Huang R, Zhu Z, Qian D, Duan JA. Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San, an Herbal Medicine Formula, Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits via Modulating Metabolism of Beta Amyloid Protein and Neurotrophic Factors in Hippocampus of Aβ 1-42 Induced Cognitive Deficit Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30941041 PMCID: PMC6433786 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jia-Wei-Kai-Xin-San (JWKXS) is a Chinese medicine formula applied for treating morbid forgetfulness in ancient China. Today, this formula is frequently applied for Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (VD) in clinic. Here, we developed it as granules and aimed to evaluate its anti-AD effect on β amyloid protein 1-42 (Aβ1-42) induced cognitive deficit mice and reveal the possible molecular mechanisms. Firstly, daily intra-gastric administration of chemically standardized of JWKXS granules for 7 days significantly ameliorated the cognitive deficit symptoms and inhibited cell apoptosis in hippocampus on Aβ1-42 injection mice. JWKXS granules significantly decreased Aβ level, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased malondialdehyde level in hippocampus of model mice. It also restored acetylcholine amounts, inhibited acetylcholinesterase activities and increased choline acetyltransferase activities. In addition, JWKXS granules enabled the transformation of precursors of NGF and BDNF into mature forms. Furthermore, JWKXS granules could regulate gene expressions related to Aβ production, transportation, degradation and neurotrophic factor transformation, which led to down-regulation of Aβ and up-regulation of NGF and BDNF. These findings suggested that JWKXS granules ameliorated cognitive deficit via decreasing Aβ levels, protecting neuron from oxidation damages and nourishing neuron, which could serve as alternative medicine for patients suffering from AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenxiang Han
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People’s Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of a Multicomponent Traditional Herbal Medicine by HPLC-MS and Electron and Light Microscopy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122242. [PMID: 29244753 PMCID: PMC6150010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Commercial pharmaceutical herbal products have enabled people to take traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in a convenient and accessible form. However, the quantity and quality should be additionally inspected. To address the issue, a combination of chemical and physical inspection methods were developed to evaluate the amount of an herbal formula, Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang (XSLJZT), in clinical TCM practice. Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) method with electrospray ionization was developed to measure the herbal biomarkers of guanosine, atractylenolide III, glycyrrhizic acid, dehydrocostus lactone, hesperidin, and oleanolic acid from XSLJZT. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs and light microscopy photographs with Congo red and iodine–KI staining were used to identify the cellulose fibers and starch content. Furthermore, solubility analysis, swelling power test, and crude fiber analysis were contributed to measure the starch additive in pharmaceutical products. Results: The results demonstrated large variations in the chemical components of different pharmaceutical brands. The SEM photographs revealed that the starch was oval, smooth, and granular, and that the raw herbal powder appears stripy, stretched, and filiform. The stained light microscopy photographs of all of the pharmaceutical products showed added starch and raw herbal powder as extenders. Conclusion: The developed chemical and physical methods provide a standard operating procedure for the quantity control of the herbal pharmaceutical products of XSLJZT.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang TM, Liu YX, Fu HY, Lan W, Su HB, Tang HB, Yin QB, Li HD, Wang LP, Wu HL. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Four Bioactive Iridoid and Secoiridoid Glycoside Components of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae and Their Synergistic Excretion by HPLC-DAD Combined with Second-Order Calibration. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:445-459. [PMID: 29177644 PMCID: PMC5709251 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An HPLC-DAD method combined with second-order calibration based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm with the aid of region selection was developed to simultaneously and quantitatively characterize the synergistic relationships and cumulative excretion of the four bioactive ingredients of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae in vivo. Although the analytes spectra substantially overlapped with that of the biological matrix, the overlapping profiles between analytes and co-eluting interferences can be successfully separated and accurately quantified by the ATLD method on the basis of the strength of region selection. The proposed approach not only determined the content change but also revealed the synergistic relationships and the cumulative excretion in vivo of the four ingredients in urine and feces samples collected at different excretion time intervals. In addition, several statistical parameters were employed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of the method. Quantitative results were confirmed by HPLC-mass spectrometry. Satisfactory results indicated that the proposed approach can be utilized to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae excretion in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ming Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang-Xi Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Wei Lan
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Han-Bo Su
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - He-Bin Tang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qiao-Bo Yin
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - He-Dong Li
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hai-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|