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Liu R, Gu J, Ye Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lin Q, Yuan S, Chen Y, Lu X, Tong Y, Lv S, Chen L, Sun G. A Natural Compound Containing a Disaccharide Structure of Glucose and Rhamnose Identified as Potential N-Glycanase 1 (NGLY1) Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:7758. [PMID: 38067490 PMCID: PMC10707914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) is an essential enzyme involved in the deglycosylation of misfolded glycoproteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, which could hydrolyze N-glycan from N-glycoprotein or N-glycopeptide in the cytosol. Recent studies indicated that NGLY1 inhibition is a potential novel drug target for antiviral therapy. In this study, structure-based virtual analysis was applied to screen candidate NGLY1 inhibitors from 2960 natural compounds. Three natural compounds, Poliumoside, Soyasaponin Bb, and Saikosaponin B2 showed significantly inhibitory activity of NGLY1, isolated from traditional heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese herbs. Furthermore, the core structural motif of the three NGLY1 inhibitors was a disaccharide structure with glucose and rhamnose, which might exert its action by binding to important active sites of NGLY1, such as Lys238 and Trp244. In traditional Chinese medicine, many compounds containing this disaccharide structure probably targeted NGLY1. This study unveiled the leading compound of NGLY1 inhibitors with its core structure, which could guide future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jingjing Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Yilin Ye
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shaoxing Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiange Lin
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Shuying Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - Yanwen Chen
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Hospital, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Ningbo 315336, China;
| | - Xinrong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Yongliang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Shaoxian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (Y.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Guiqin Sun
- School of Medical Technology and Information Engineering, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; (R.L.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (S.Z.); (Q.L.)
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Sharma M, Sharma N, Muddassir M, Rahman QI, Dwivedi UN, Akhtar S. Structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and simulation studies for the identification of potent anticancerous phytochemical lead targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9815-9832. [PMID: 34151738 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases are of critical importance in directing various cell cycle phases making them as potential tumor targets. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in particular plays a significant part during cell cycle events and its imbalance roots out tumorogenic environment. Herein, we built a structure-based pharmacophore model complementing the ATP pocket site of CDK2 with four pharmacophoric features, using a series of structures obtained from cluster analysis during MD simulation assessment. This was followed by its validation and further database screening against Taiwan indigenous plants database (5284 compounds). The screened compounds were subjected toward Lipinski's rule (RO5) and ADMET filter followed by docking analysis and simulation study. In filtering hits (10 compounds) via molecular docking against CDK2, Schinilenol with -8.1 kcal/mol fetched out as a best lead phytoinhibitor in the presence of standard drug (Dinaciclib). Additionally, pharmacophore mapping analysis also indicated relative fit values of dinaciclib and schinilenol as 2.37 and 2.31, respectively. Optimization, flexibility prediction and the stability of CDK2 in complex with the ligands were also ascertained by means of molecular dynamics for 50 ns, which further proposed schinilenol having better binding stability than dinaciclib with RMSD values ranging from 0.31 to 0.34 nm. Reactivity site, biological activity detection and cardiotoxicity assessment also proposed schinilenol as a better phytolead inhibitor than the existing dinaciclib. Abbreviations: CDK2: Cyclin dependent kinase2; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; MD: Molecular dynamics, RO5: Rule of five; ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; RMSD: Root mean square deviation; DS: Discovery Studio; SOM: Site of metabolism; RBPM: receptor based pharmacophore model; TIP: Schinilenol; hERG: human Ether-à-go-go - Related GeneCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Salman Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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Mou J, Chen D, Deng Y. Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1/2 for Anticancer Treatment. Med Chem 2020; 16:307-325. [PMID: 31241436 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190626113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their cognate cyclins, along with their endogenous inhibitors (CDKIs). CDKs act as central regulators in this process. Different CDKs play relevant roles in different phases. Among all CDKs, CDK1 is indispensible, which can drive all events that are required in the cell cycle in the absence of interphase CDKs (CDK2, CDK3, CDK4 and CDK6). So, CDK1 is an attractive target for anticancer drug development. METHODS CDK1 and CDK2 have 89.19% similar residues and 74.32% identical residues, their structures especially the ATP-binding sites are of great similarity. So, it is difficult to inhibit CDK1 and CDK2 individually. In this review, recent advances about CDK1/2 inhibitors were summarized. The chemical structures of different classes of CDK1/2 inhibitors and their structure activity are presented. RESULTS 19 kinds of CDK1/2 or CDK1 inhibitors with different scaffolds, including CDK2 allosteric inhibitors, were summarized. Some inhibitors are nature derived, for example, phenanthrene derivatives, nortopsentin derivatives, variolin B derivatives and meridians. CONCLUSION Nature products, especially marine ones are potential resources for CDK1 inhibitors development. The findings of CDK2 allosteric inhibitors open an avenue to the discovery of novel selective CDK1 or other CDKs allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Mou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Danghui Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yanru Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Health Industry Park, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
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Vázquez J, López M, Gibert E, Herrero E, Luque FJ. Merging Ligand-Based and Structure-Based Methods in Drug Discovery: An Overview of Combined Virtual Screening Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E4723. [PMID: 33076254 PMCID: PMC7587536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virtual screening (VS) is an outstanding cornerstone in the drug discovery pipeline. A variety of computational approaches, which are generally classified as ligand-based (LB) and structure-based (SB) techniques, exploit key structural and physicochemical properties of ligands and targets to enable the screening of virtual libraries in the search of active compounds. Though LB and SB methods have found widespread application in the discovery of novel drug-like candidates, their complementary natures have stimulated continued efforts toward the development of hybrid strategies that combine LB and SB techniques, integrating them in a holistic computational framework that exploits the available information of both ligand and target to enhance the success of drug discovery projects. In this review, we analyze the main strategies and concepts that have emerged in the last years for defining hybrid LB + SB computational schemes in VS studies. Particularly, attention is focused on the combination of molecular similarity and docking, illustrating them with selected applications taken from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vázquez
- Pharmacelera, Plaça Pau Vila, 1, Sector C 2a, Edificio Palau de Mar, 08039 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC-UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
| | - Manel López
- AB Science, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Zone Luminy Enterprise, Case 922, 163 Av. de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Enric Gibert
- Pharmacelera, Plaça Pau Vila, 1, Sector C 2a, Edificio Palau de Mar, 08039 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Enric Herrero
- Pharmacelera, Plaça Pau Vila, 1, Sector C 2a, Edificio Palau de Mar, 08039 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC-UB), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
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Li R, Li Q, Ji Q. Molecular targeted study in tumors: From western medicine to active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 121:109624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Chen X, Lu F, Luo G, Ren Y, Ma J, Zhang Y. Discovery of selective farnesoid X receptor agonists for the treatment of hyperlipidemia from traditional Chinese medicine based on virtual screening and in vitro validation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4461-4470. [PMID: 31842697 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1695665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid receptor, has important roles in maintaining bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis, which is an attractive target for hyperlipidemia. Present study aimed to discover potential selective FXR agonists over G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by using virtual screening, in vitro studies and molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Ligand-based pharmacophore model for FXR was firstly built to screen FXR agonists from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database (TCMD). Then, 21 FXR crystal structures were clustered in two types and two representative structures (PDB ID: 3OMM and 3P89) were, respectively, used to carry out molecular docking to refine the screened result. Moreover, the pharmacophore model for GPBAR1 was built to screen selective FXR agonists with no activity on GPBAR1. A set of 24 candidate selective FXR agonists which fitvalue of FXR pharmacophore model and docking score of 3OMM and 3P89 were in the top 100 and cannot match the pharmacophore model for GPBAR1 were obtained. By the lipid-lowering activity test in HepG2 cell lines, Arctigenin was identified to be potential selective FXR agonist with the activity of 20 μmol·L-1. After down-regulating FXR, Arctigenin could increase the mRNA of FXR while exerted no effect on the mRNA of GPBAR1. MD was further used to interpret the mechanism of Arctigenin with the representative structures. This research provided a new screening procedure for finding selective candidate compounds and appropriate docking models of a target by considering the structure diversity of PDB structures, which was applied to discovery novel selective FXR agonists to treat hyperlipidemia.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Lu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ganggang Luo
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ren
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Center of TCM-Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Sánchez-Martínez C, Lallena MJ, Sanfeliciano SG, de Dios A. Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors as anticancer drugs: Recent advances (2015-2019). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126637. [PMID: 31477350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sustained proliferative capacity and gene dysregulation are hallmarks of cancer. In mammalian cells, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) control critical cell cycle checkpoints and key transcriptional events in response to extracellular and intracellular signals leading to proliferation. Significant clinical activity for the treatment of hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer has been demonstrated by palbociclib, ribociclib and abemaciclib, dual CDK4/6 inhibitors recently FDA-approved. SY-1365, a CDK7 inhibitor has shown initial encouraging data in phase I for solid tumors treatment. These results have rejuvenated the CDKs research field. This review provides an overview of relevant advances on CDK inhibitor research since 2015 to 2019, with special emphasis on transcriptional CDK inhibitors, new emerging strategies such as target protein degradation and compounds under clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María José Lallena
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Alcobendas (Madrid) 28108, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso de Dios
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States
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Obounchoey P, Tabtimmai L, Suphakun P, Thongkhao K, Eurtivong C, Gleeson MP, Choowongkomon K. In silico identification and in vitro validation of nogalamycin N-oxide (NSC116555) as a potent anticancer compound against non-small-cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3353-3361. [PMID: 30324706 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was found to be overexpressed in several cancers, especially in lung cancers. Finding new effective drug against EGFR is the key to cancer treatment. In this study, the GOLD docking algorithm was used to virtually screen for novel human EGFR inhibitors from the NCI database. Thirty-four hit compounds were tested for EGFR-tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibition. Two potent compounds, 1-amino-4-(4-[4-amino-2-sulfophenyl]anilino)-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid (NSC125910), and nogalamycin N-oxide (NSC116555) were identified with IC50 values against EGFR-TK comparable to gefitinib; 16.14 and 37.71 nM, respectively. However, only NSC116555 demonstrated cytotoxic effects against non-small-cell lung cancer, A549, shown in the cell cytotoxicity assay with an IC50 of 0.19 + 0.01 µM, which was more potent than gefitinib. Furthermore, NSC116555 showed cytotoxicity against A549 via apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phongphat Obounchoey
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Praphasri Suphakun
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kannika Thongkhao
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew Paul Gleeson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yin Y, Gao H, Guo J, Gao Y. [Effect of Circular RNA UBAP2 Silencing on Proliferation and Invasion of Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells and Its Mechanism]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 20:800-807. [PMID: 29277177 PMCID: PMC5973395 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2017.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been proven that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role on the process of many types cancer and circUBAP2 was a cancer-promoting circRNA, however, the role and mechanism in lung cancer was not clear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of circUBAP2 on cell proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer A549 cells. METHODS CCK-8 assay was employed to detect the effect of circUBAP2 sliencing on cell proliferation of A549 cells. Fow cytometry was applied to detect the impact of circUBAP2 sliencing on cell cycle and cell anoikis, and Transwell invasion assay was applied to determine cell invasion of A549 cells. We also employed Western blot and Real-time PCR to determine the expressions of CDK6, cyclin D1, p27 and c-IAP1, Bcl-2, Survivin, Bax, FAK, Rac1 and MMP2, and the activities of JNK and ERK1/2, luciferase report gene assay was used to detect the targets. RESULTS CCK-8 assay showed that the inhibition of cell proliferation in the circUBAP2-siRNA group compared to untreated group and siRNA control group. Results of cell cycle detected by flow cytometry showed that cell cycle arrestd at G0/G1 after circUBAP2 silencing, cell apoptosis rate increased also. We also found that after circUBAP2 silencing, cell invasion of A549 cells was significantly inhibited. Western blot and Real-time PCR results showed that expression of CDK6, cyclin D1, c-IAP1, Bcl-2, Survivin, FAK, Rac1 and MMP2 were down-regulated, and the expression of p27 and Bax were up-regulated. Moreover, the activities of JNK and ERK1/2 were inhibited because of circUBAP2 silencing, the target genes were miR-339-5p, miR-96-3p and miR-135b-3p. CONCLUSIONS CircUBAP2 plays an important role in the proliferation and invasion of human lung cancer. Silencing of circUBAP2 might be a novel target for molecular targeted therapy of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Yin
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou 014030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Pathology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou 014030, China
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Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, He Y, Zhou S, Fan G, Yang H, Zhu Y, Li P. An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy for determining combinatorial bioactive ingredients of a compound herbal medicine Qishen Yiqi dripping pills. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 219:288-298. [PMID: 29572106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qishen Yiqi is a widely used Chinese herbal medicine formula with "qi invigorating and blood activating" property. Its dripping pill preparation (QSYQ) is a commercial herbal medicine approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) in 2003 and is extensively used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart failure and angina pectoris, as well as for the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction. However, the bioactive ingredients of QSYQ remain unclear. As QSYQ is a compound herbal formula, it is of great importance to elucidate its pharmacologically active ingredients and underlying synergetic effects. AIM OF THE STUDY This experimental study was conducted to comprehensively determine the combinatorial bioactive ingredients (CBIs) in QSYQ and to elucidate their potential synergetic effects. The established strategy may shed new light on how to rapidly determine CBIs in complex herbal formulas with holistic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was introduced and validated to determine CBIs in QSYQ. The strategy included the following steps: (1) Chemical ingredients in QSYQ were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS in the negative and positive modes and were identified by comparison with standard compounds and previously reported data. Their potential therapeutic activities were predicted based on the ChEMBL database to preliminarily search for candidate bioactive ingredients, and their combination was defined as the CBIs. (2) The CBIs were directly trapped and prepared from QSYQ with a two-dimensional chromatographic separation system, and the remaining part was defined as the rest ingredients (RIs). (3) As animal and cell models, left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LAD)-induced heart failure in rats and hypoxia-induced cardiac myocyte injury in H9c2 cells were applied to compare the potency of QSYQ, CBIs and RIs. (4) The synergetic effects on cardiac myocyte protection of multiple ingredients in CBIs were examined in this cell model. RESULTS (1) Forty-three ingredients in QSYQ were identified via UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Based on evidence-based screening using the ChEMBL database, 24 ingredients were predicted to be bioactive ingredients, and their combination was considered the CBIs. (2) The CBIs and RIs were successfully prepared according to a two-dimensional chromatographic system. The CBIs were directly trapped and knocked out from QSYQ by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with reverse-phase liquid chromatography. The remaining part was used as RIs. (3) The results from pharmacological evaluation revealed that CBIs and QSYQ, but not RIs, significantly prevented myocardium injury; improved the ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS); decreased the release of cardiac enzymes, including CK, CK-MB, and LDH; alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction; and protected the cell nucleus number and mitochondrial mass. Furthermore, QSYQ and CBIs possessed similar potency. (4) In hypoxia-stimulated H9c2 cells, CBIs showed far greater potency regarding the protection of cardiac myocyte injury than the individual ingredients in QSYQ, exhibiting obvious synergetic effects. CONCLUSIONS An integrated evidence-based targeting strategy was successfully established and validated to determine CBIs from QSYQ with excellent efficiency. Importantly, the holistic property of QSYQ was retained in the CBIs. Hence, this study may shed new light on how to rapidly reveal combinatorial bioactive ingredients from complex prescriptions and will be greatly helpful in the establishment of an appropriate approach to quality control for herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yuewei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Shuiping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300410, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Discovery of Potential Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase from Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on Virtual Screening and In Vitro Evaluation of Lipid-Lowering Effect. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051040. [PMID: 29710800 PMCID: PMC6102583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene synthase (SQS), a key downstream enzyme involved in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, plays an important role in treating hyperlipidemia. Compared to statins, SQS inhibitors have shown a very significant lipid-lowering effect and do not cause myotoxicity. Thus, the paper aims to discover potential SQS inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by the combination of molecular modeling methods and biological assays. In this study, cynarin was selected as a potential SQS inhibitor candidate compound based on its pharmacophoric properties, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Cynarin could form hydrophobic interactions with PHE54, LEU211, LEU183 and PRO292, which are regarded as important interactions for the SQS inhibitors. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of cynarin was tested in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells by decreasing the lipidemic parameter triglyceride (TG) level by 22.50%. Finally. cynarin was reversely screened against other anti-hyperlipidemia targets which existed in HepG2 cells and cynarin was unable to map with the pharmacophore of these targets, which indicated that the lipid-lowering effects of cynarin might be due to the inhibition of SQS. This study discovered cynarin is a potential SQS inhibitor from TCM, which could be further clinically explored for the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Huo M, Wang Z, Wu D, Zhang Y, Qiao Y. Using Coexpression Protein Interaction Network Analysis to Identify Mechanisms of Danshensu Affecting Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28629174 PMCID: PMC5486119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, known as Danshen, has attracted worldwide interest for its substantial effects on coronary heart disease (CHD). Danshensu (DSS) is one of the main active ingredients of Danshen on CHD. Although it has been proven to have a good clinical effect on CHD, the action mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, a coexpression network-based approach was used to illustrate the beneficial properties of DSS in the context of CHD. By integrating the gene expression profile data and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) data, two coexpression protein interaction networks (CePIN) in a CHD state (CHD CePIN) and a non-CHD state (non-CHD CePIN) were generated. Then, shared nodes and unique nodes in CHD CePIN were attained by conducting a comparison between CHD CePIN and non-CHD CePIN. By calculating the topological parameters of each shared node and unique node in the networks, and comparing the differentially expressed genes, target proteins involved in disease regulation were attained. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment was utilized to identify biological processes associated to target proteins. Consequently, it turned out that the treatment of CHD with DSS may be partly attributed to the regulation of immunization and blood circulation. Also, it indicated that sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (SLC9A3), Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), and fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) may be potential therapeutic targets for CHD. In summary, this study provided a novel coexpression protein interaction network approach to provide an explanation of the mechanisms of DSS on CHD and identify key proteins which maybe the potential therapeutic targets for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineer of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineer of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Dongxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineer of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineer of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Engineer of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine; School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Morsy SA, Farahat AA, Nasr MNA, Tantawy AS. Synthesis, molecular modeling and anticancer activity of new coumarin containing compounds. Saudi Pharm J 2017; 25:873-883. [PMID: 28951673 PMCID: PMC5605891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new coumarin containing compounds were synthesized from 4-bromomethylcoumarin derivatives 2a, b and different heteroaromatic systems 4a-e, 6a-d, 8, 10via methylene thiolinker. Twenty-four compounds were screened biologically against two human tumor cell lines, breast carcinoma MCF-7 and hepatocellular carcinoma HePG-2, at the national cancer institute, Cairo, Egypt using 5-fluorouracil as standard drug. Compounds 5h, 7d, 7h, 9a, 13a and 13d showed strong activity against both MCF-7 and HepG-2 cell lines with being compound 13a is the most active with IC50 values of 5.5 µg/ml and 6.9 µg/ml respectively. Docking was performed with protein 1KE9 to study the binding mode of the designed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A Morsy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdelbasset A Farahat
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Magda N A Nasr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Atif S Tantawy
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Liu L, Leng J, Yang X, Liao L, Cen Y, Xiao A, Ma L. Rapid Screening and Identification of BSA Bound Ligands from Radix astragali Using BSA Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles Coupled with HPLC-MS. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111471. [PMID: 27827956 PMCID: PMC6274147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali is widely used either as a single herb or as a collection of herbs in a complex prescription in China. In this study, bovine serum albumin functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (BSA-MN) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) were used to screen and identify bound ligands from the n-butanol part of a Radix astragali extract. The prepared BSA-MN showed sufficient magnetic response for the separation with an ordinary magnet and satisfied reusability. Fundamental parameters affecting the preparation of BSA-MN and the screening efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, four bound ligands were screened out from the n-butanol part of a Radix astragali extract and identified as genistin (1), calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (2), ononin (3) and formononetin (4). This effective method could be widely applied for rapid screening and identification of active compounds from complex mixtures without the need for preparative isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Liu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Juan Leng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Liping Liao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Yin Cen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Aiping Xiao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China.
| | - Lei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang 455000, China.
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