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Chen S, Fan C, Xu Z, Pei M, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Li J, Lu J, Peng C, Wei X. Mechanochemical synthesis of organoselenium compounds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:769. [PMID: 38278789 PMCID: PMC10817960 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein a strategy for the rapid synthesis of versatile organoselenium compounds under mild conditions. In this work, magnesium-based selenium nucleophiles are formed in situ from easily available organic halides, magnesium metal, and elemental selenium via mechanical stimulation. This process occurs under liquid-assisted grinding (LAG) conditions, requires no complicated pre-activation procedures, and operates broadly across a diverse range of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl substrates. In this work, symmetrical diselenides are efficiently obtained after work-up in the air, while one-pot nucleophilic addition reactions with various electrophiles allow the comprehensive synthesis of unsymmetrical monoselenides with high functional group tolerance. Notably, the method is applied to regioselective selenylation reactions of diiodoarenes and polyaromatic aryl halides that are difficult to operate via solution approaches. Besides selenium, elemental sulfur and tellurium are also competent in this process, which showcases the potential of the methodology for the facile synthesis of organochalcogen compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Chunying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Mengyao Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiemin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Yanta, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Xi'an Aisiyi Health Industry Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Junliang Lu
- Xi'an Aisiyi Health Industry Co., Ltd, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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2
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Jacob RG, Hartwig D, Nascimento JER, Abib PB, Ebersol CP, Nunes PP, Birmann PT, Casaril AM, Savegnago L, Schumacher RF. Sequential one-pot synthesis and antioxidant evaluation of 5-amino-4-(arylselanyl)-1H-pyrazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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"Green Is the Color": An Update on Ecofriendly Aspects of Organoselenium Chemistry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27051597. [PMID: 35268698 PMCID: PMC8911681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Organoselenium compounds have been successfully applied in biological, medicinal and material sciences, as well as a powerful tool for modern organic synthesis, attracting the attention of the scientific community. This great success is mainly due to the breaking of paradigm demonstrated by innumerous works, that the selenium compounds were toxic and would have a potential impact on the environment. In this update review, we highlight the relevance of these compounds in several fields of research as well as the possibility to synthesize them through more environmentally sustainable methodologies, involving catalytic processes, flow chemistry, electrosynthesis, as well as by the use of alternative energy sources, including mechanochemical, photochemistry, sonochemical and microwave irradiation.
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4
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Kar S, Sanderson H, Roy K, Benfenati E, Leszczynski J. Green Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3637-3710. [PMID: 34910451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The principles of green chemistry (GC) can be comprehensively implemented in green synthesis of pharmaceuticals by choosing no solvents or green solvents (preferably water), alternative reaction media, and consideration of one-pot synthesis, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), continuous processing, and process intensification approaches for atom economy and final waste reduction. The GC's execution in green synthesis can be performed using a holistic design of the active pharmaceutical ingredient's (API) life cycle, minimizing hazards and pollution, and capitalizing the resource efficiency in the synthesis technique. Thus, the presented review accounts for the comprehensive exploration of GC's principles and metrics, an appropriate implication of those ideas in each step of the reaction schemes, from raw material to an intermediate to the final product's synthesis, and the final execution of the synthesis into scalable industry-based production. For real-life examples, we have discussed the synthesis of a series of established generic pharmaceuticals, starting with the raw materials, and the intermediates of the corresponding pharmaceuticals. Researchers and industries have thoughtfully instigated a green synthesis process to control the atom economy and waste reduction to protect the environment. We have extensively discussed significant reactions relevant for green synthesis, one-pot cascade synthesis, MCRs, continuous processing, and process intensification, which may contribute to the future of green and sustainable synthesis of APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
| | - Hans Sanderson
- Department of Environmental Science, Section for Toxicology and Chemistry, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Benfenati
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 19, 20156 Milano, Italy
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, United States
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5
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Hellwig PS, Peglow TJ, Penteado F, Bagnoli L, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Selenophenes and Their Derivatives. Molecules 2020; 25:E5907. [PMID: 33322179 PMCID: PMC7764687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The selenophene derivatives are an important class of selenium-based heterocyclics. These compounds play an important role in prospecting new drugs, as well as in the development of new light-emitting materials. During the last years, several methods have been emerging to access the selenophene scaffold, employing a diversity of cyclization-based synthetic strategies, involving specific reaction partners and particularities. This review presents a comprehensive discussion on the recent advances in the synthesis of selenophene-based compounds, starting from different precursors, highlighting the main differences, the advantages, and limitations among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S. Hellwig
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Thiago J. Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Filipe Penteado
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Luana Bagnoli
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa-LASOL-CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas-UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil; (P.S.H.); (T.J.P.); (F.P.)
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6
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Mailahn DH, Iarocz LEB, Nobre PC, Perin G, Sinott A, Pesarico AP, Birmann PT, Savegnago L, Silva MS. A greener protocol for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113052. [PMID: 33272781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, a metal- and base-free protocol has been developed for the synthesis of phosphorochalcogenoates (Se and Te) by using DMSO as solvent at 50 °C. A variety of phosphorochalcogenoates were prepared from diorganyl dichalcogenides and H-phosphonates, leading to the formation of a Chal-P(O) bond, in a rapid procedure with good to excellent yields. A full structural elucidation of products was accessed by 1D and 2D NMR, IR, CGMS, and HRMS analyses, and a stability evaluation of the phosphorochalcogenoates was performed for an effective operational description of this simple and feasible method. Typical 77Se{1H} (δSe = 866.0 ppm), 125Te{1H} (δTe = 422.0 ppm) and 31P{1H} (δP = -1.0, -13.0 and -15.0 ppm) NMR chemical shifts were imperative to confirm the byproducts, in which this stability study was also important to select some products for pharmacological screening. The phosphorochalcogenoates were screened in vitro and ex vivo tests for the antioxidant potential and free radical scavenging activity, as well as to investigation toxicity in mice through of the plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage. The pharmacological screening of phosphorochalcogenoates indicated that compounds have antioxidant propriety in different assays and not changes plasma levels of markers of renal and hepatic damage, with excision of 3g compound that increased plasma creatinine levels and decreased plasma urea levels when compared to control group in the blood mice. Thus, these compounds can be promising synthetic antioxidants that provide protection against oxidative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela H Mailahn
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas E B Iarocz
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick C Nobre
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Airton Sinott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pesarico
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma T Birmann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biotecnologia, Grupo de Pesquisa Em Neurobiotecnologia, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcio S Silva
- LASOL - CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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7
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Silva MS, Alves D, Hartwig D, Jacob RG, Perin G, Lenardão EJ. Selenium‐NMR Spectroscopy in Organic Synthesis: From Structural Characterization Toward New Investigations. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Márcio S. Silva
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Daniela Hartwig
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Raquel G. Jacob
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Gelson Perin
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- LASOL – CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel – P.O. Box 354 – 96010-900 Pelotas, RS Brazil
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8
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Selenium-Epoxy ‘Click’ Reaction and Se-Alkylation—Efficient Access to Organo-Selenium and Selenonium Compounds. CHEMISTRY-SWITZERLAND 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry2040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work establishes the ‘click’ nature of the base-catalyzed oxirane ring opening reaction by the selenolate nucleophile. The ‘click’-generated ß-hydroxy selenide can be alkylated to afford cationic selenium species. Hemolytic studies suggest that selenonium cations do not lyse red blood cells even at high concentrations. Overall, these results indicate the future applicability of the developed organo-selenium chemistry in the preparation of a new class of cationic materials based on the seleno-ether motif.
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9
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Continuous Bioinspired Oxidation of Sulfides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25112711. [PMID: 32545303 PMCID: PMC7321102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple, efficient, and selective oxidation under flow conditions of sulfides into their corresponding sulfoxides and sulfones is reported herein, using as a catalyst perselenic acid generated in situ by the oxidation of selenium (IV) oxide in a diluted aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide as the final oxidant. The scope of the proposed methodology was investigated using aryl alkyl sulfides, aryl vinyl sulfides, and dialkyl sulfides as substrates, evidencing, in general, a good applicability. The scaled-up synthesis of (methylsulfonyl)benzene was also demonstrated, leading to its gram-scale preparation.
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10
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Nacca FG, Monti B, Lenardão EJ, Evans P, Santi C. A Simple Zinc-Mediated Method for Selenium Addition to Michael Acceptors. Molecules 2020; 25:E2018. [PMID: 32357472 PMCID: PMC7249194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we focused our attention on seleno-Michael type reactions. These were performed using zinc-selenolates generated in situ from diphenyl diselenide 1, 1,2-bis(3-phenylpropyl)diselenide 30, and protected selenocystine 31 via an efficient biphasic Zn/HCl-based reducing system. Alkenes with a variety of electron-withdrawing groups were investigated in order to gauge the scope and limitations of the process. Results demonstrated that the addition to acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones, aldehydes, esters amides, and acids was effectively achieved and that alkyl substituents at the reactive β-centre can be accommodated. Similarly, cyclic enones undergo efficient Se-addition and the corresponding adducts were isolated in moderate to good yield. Vinyl sulfones, α,β-unsaturated nitriles, and chalcones are not compatible with these reaction conditions. A recycling experiment demonstrated that the unreacted Zn/HCl reducing system can be effectively reused for seven reaction cycles (91% conversion yield at the 7° recycling rounds).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Giulia Nacca
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.G.N.); (B.M.)
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry University College Dublin, Dublin D04, N2E5, Ireland;
| | - Bonifacio Monti
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.G.N.); (B.M.)
| | - Eder João Lenardão
- LASOL–CCQFA, Universidade Federal de Pelotas—UFPel, P.O. Box 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil;
| | - Paul Evans
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry University College Dublin, Dublin D04, N2E5, Ireland;
| | - Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis, Synthesis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Perugia Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (F.G.N.); (B.M.)
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Ribaudo G, Bortoli M, Ongaro A, Oselladore E, Gianoncelli A, Zagotto G, Orian L. Fluoxetine scaffold to design tandem molecular antioxidants and green catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 10:18583-18593. [PMID: 35518299 PMCID: PMC9053872 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03509b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine finds application in the treatment of depression and mood disorders. This selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) also contrasts oxidative stress by direct ROS scavenging, modulation of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, and/or enhancement of the serotonin antioxidant capacity. We synthesised some fluoxetine analogues incorporating a selenium nucleus, thus expanding its antioxidant potential by enabling a hydroperoxides-inactivating, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity. Radical scavenging and peroxidatic activity were combined in a water-soluble, drug-like, tandem antioxidant molecule. Selenofluoxetine derivatives were reacted with H2O2 in water, and the mechanistic details of the reaction were unravelled combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and quantum chemistry calculations. The observed oxidation–elimination process led to the formation of seleninic acid and cinnamylamine in a trans-selective manner. This mechanism is likely to be extended to other substrates for the preparation of unsaturated cinnamylamines. We modified fluoxetine by incorporating a selenium nucleus enabling a hydroperoxide-inactivating, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity and paving the way for its use as green catalyst.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale
- Università degli Studi di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Marco Bortoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alberto Ongaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale
- Università degli Studi di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Erika Oselladore
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale
- Università degli Studi di Brescia
- 25123 Brescia
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università degli Studi di Padova
- 35131 Padova
- Italy
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12
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Zhang L, Xing B, Deng B, Wang T, Ming H. Oxidation of petroleum-based byproducts diformyltricyclodecanes (DFTD) with O2 under catalyst-free and ultra-low temperature. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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13
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Brune V, Hegemann C, Mathur S. Molecular Routes to Two-Dimensional Metal Dichalcogenides MX 2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9922-9934. [PMID: 31310512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic access to two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is highly desired to exploit their extraordinary semiconducting and optoelectronic properties for practical applications. We introduce here an entirely novel class of molecular precursors, [MIV(XEtN(Me)EtX)2] (MIV = MoIV, WIV, X = S, Se), enabling chemical vapor deposition of TMDC thin films. Molybdenum and tungsten complexes of dianionic tridentate pincer-type ligands (HXEt)2NR (R = methyl, tert-butyl, phenyl) produced air-stable monomeric dichalcogenide complexes, [W(SEtN(Me)EtS)2] and [Mo(SEtN(Me)EtS)2], displaying W and Mo centers in an octahedral environment of 4 S and 2 N donor atoms. Owing to their remarkable volatility and clean thermal decomposition, both Mo and W complexes, when used in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, produced crystalline MoS2 and WS2 thin films. X-ray diffraction analysis and atomic-scale imaging confirmed the phase purity and 2D structural characteristics of MoS2 and WS2 films. The new set of ligands presented in this work open ups convenient access to a scalable and precursor-based synthesis of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Brune
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Corinna Hegemann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Cologne , Greinstraße 6 , D-50939 Cologne , Germany
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14
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Lima YR, Peglow TJ, Nobre PC, Campos PT, Perin G, Lenardão EJ, Silva MS. Chalcogen‐Containing Diols: A Novel Chiral Derivatizing Agent for
77
Se and
125
Te NMR Chiral Recognition of Primary Amines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanka Rocha Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jacobsen Peglow
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Patrick Carvalho Nobre
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gelson Perin
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Eder J. Lenardão
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio S. Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Limpa – LASOLCentro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos – CCQFAUniversidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
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15
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Santi C. Perspective in Green Chemistry for Organoselenium Compounds (no more an oxymoron). CURRENT GREEN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/221334610601190329164654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Santi
- Group of Catalysis and Organic Green Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1-06100 Perugia, Italy
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Eskandari K, Karami B, Pourshojaei Y, Asadipour A. An eco-compatible, three-component synthesis of acyl-substituted bis(pyrazolyl)methanes by employing recyclable silica sodium carbonate as an efficient and environmentally benign catalyst in aqueous medium. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2106-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Recent Advances in Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy for Chiral Recognition of Organic Compounds. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020247. [PMID: 28178223 PMCID: PMC6155827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful tool for the elucidation of chemical structure and chiral recognition. In the last decade, the number of probes, media, and experiments to analyze chiral environments has rapidly increased. The evaluation of chiral molecules and systems has become a routine task in almost all NMR laboratories, allowing for the determination of molecular connectivities and the construction of spatial relationships. Among the features that improve the chiral recognition abilities by NMR is the application of different nuclei. The simplicity of the multinuclear NMR spectra relative to 1H, the minimal influence of the experimental conditions, and the larger shift dispersion make these nuclei especially suitable for NMR analysis. Herein, the recent advances in multinuclear (19F, 31P, 13C, and 77Se) NMR spectroscopy for chiral recognition of organic compounds are presented. The review describes new chiral derivatizing agents and chiral solvating agents used for stereodiscrimination and the assignment of the absolute configuration of small organic compounds.
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Special Issue: "Organic Reactions in Green Solvents". Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111527. [PMID: 27854295 PMCID: PMC6273896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the well-established drawbacks of conventional organic solvents (toxicity, non-biodegradability, flammability, accumulation in the atmosphere) remarkable research efforts have been recently devoted to the replacement of traditional organic reaction media by the so-called Green Solvents. In this sense, the choice of a safe, non-toxic, biorenewable and cheap reaction media is a crucial goal in organic synthesis. Thus, this Special Issue on “Organic Reactions in Green Solvents” has been aimed to showcase a series of stimulating contributions from international experts within different sub-areas of organic synthesis in Green Solvents (ranging from metal- to organo-catalyzed organic reactions).
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