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Ildarabadi A, Mir Mohammad Ali SN, Rahmani F, Mosavari N, Pourbakhtyaran E, Rezaei N. Inflammation and oxidative stress in epileptic children: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application of ketogenic diet. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:473-488. [PMID: 38347675 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Childhood epilepsy affects up to 1 % of children. It has been shown that 30 % of patients are resistant to drug treatments, making further investigation of other potential treatment strategies necessary. One such approach is the ketogenic diet (KD) showing promising results and potential benefits beyond the use of current antiepileptic drugs. This study aims to investigate the effects of KD on inflammation and oxidative stress, as one of the main suggested mechanisms of neuroprotection, in children with epilepsy. This narrative review was conducted using the Medline and Google Scholar databases, and by searching epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, child, children, ketogenic, ketogenic diet, diet, ketogenic, keto, ketone bodies (BHB), PUFA, gut microbiota, inflammation, inflammation mediators, neurogenic inflammation, neuroinflammation, inflammatory marker, adenosine modulation, mitochondrial function, MTOR pathway, Nrf2 pathway, mitochondrial dysfunction, PPARɣ, oxidative stress, ROS/RNS, and stress oxidative as keywords. Compelling evidence underscores inflammation and oxidative stress as pivotal factors in epilepsy, even in cases with genetic origins. The ketogenic diet effectively addresses these factors by reducing ROS and RNS, enhancing antioxidant defenses, improving mitochondrial function, and regulating inflammatory genes. Additionally, KD curbs pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production by dampening NF-κB activation, inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome, increasing brain adenosine levels, mTOR pathway inhibition, upregulating PPARɣ expression, and promoting a healthy gut microbiota while emphasizing the consumption of healthy fats. KD could be considered a promising therapeutic intervention in patients with epilepsy particularly in drug-resistant epilepsy cases, due to its targeted approach addressing oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Ildarabadi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Shodada Hesarak Blvd, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Nooshan Mir Mohammad Ali
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Fatemeh Rahmani
- Department of Nutrition Science, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Medical Science and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Shodada Hesarak Blvd, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Narjes Mosavari
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Elham Pourbakhtyaran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Pour Sina St, Tehran 1461884513, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center Hospital, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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Moscovicz F, Taborda C, Fernández F, Borda N, Auzmendi J, Lazarowski A. Ironing out the Links: Ferroptosis in epilepsy and SUDEP. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 157:109890. [PMID: 38905915 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Iron is a crucial element for almost all organisms because it plays a vital role in oxygen transport, enzymatic processes, and energy generation due to its electron transfer capabilities. However, its dysregulation can lead to a form of programmed cell death known as ferroptosis, which is characterized by cellular iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and unrestricted lipid peroxidation. Both iron and ferroptosis have been identified as key players in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. While in epilepsy this phenomenon remains relatively understudied, seizures can be considered hypoxic-ischemic episodes resulting in increased ROS production, lipid peroxidation, membrane disorganization, and cell death. All of this is accompanied by elevated intracellular free Fe2+ concentration and hemosiderin precipitation, as existing reports suggest a significant accumulation of iron in the brain and heart associated with epilepsy. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), a primary risk factor for Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP), not only have an impact on the brain but also lead to cardiogenic dysfunctions associated with "Iron Overload and Cardiomyopathy" (IOC) and "Epileptic heart" characterized by electrical and mechanical dysfunction and a high risk of malignant bradycardia. In line with this phenomenon, studies conducted by our research group have demonstrated that recurrent seizures induce hypoxia in cardiomyocytes, resulting in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression, prolonged Q-T interval, severe bradycardia, and hemosiderin precipitation, correlating with an elevated spontaneous death ratio. In this article, we explore the intricate connections among ferroptosis, epilepsy, and SUDEP. By synthesizing current knowledge and drawing insights from recent publications, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular underpinnings. Furthermore, this review offers insights into potential therapeutic avenues and outlines future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moscovicz
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - C Taborda
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina
| | - F Fernández
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Borda
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Auzmendi
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - A Lazarowski
- University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Phisiopatology and Clinical Biochemistry (INFIBIOC), Applied Neurobiology Lab, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Baltira C, Aronica E, Elmquist WF, Langer O, Löscher W, Sarkaria JN, Wesseling P, de Gooijer MC, van Tellingen O. The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters in the diseased brain: Context matters. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101609. [PMID: 38897176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters facilitate the movement of diverse molecules across cellular membranes, including those within the CNS. While most extensively studied in microvascular endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier (BBB), other CNS cell types also express these transporters. Importantly, disruptions in the CNS microenvironment during disease can alter transporter expression and function. Through this comprehensive review, we explore the modulation of ABC transporters in various brain pathologies and the context-dependent consequences of these changes. For instance, downregulation of ABCB1 may exacerbate amyloid beta plaque deposition in Alzheimer's disease and facilitate neurotoxic compound entry in Parkinson's disease. Upregulation may worsen neuroinflammation by aiding chemokine-mediated CD8 T cell influx into multiple sclerosis lesions. Overall, ABC transporters at the BBB hinder drug entry, presenting challenges for effective pharmacotherapy. Understanding the context-dependent changes in ABC transporter expression and function is crucial for elucidating the etiology and developing treatments for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysiida Baltira
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - William F Elmquist
- Brain Barriers Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Translational Neuropharmacology Lab, NIFE, Department of Experimental Otology of the ENT Clinics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pieter Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Childhood Cancer Pathology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C de Gooijer
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Mouse Cancer Clinic, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Pant K, Sharma A, Menon SV, Ali H, Hassan Almalki W, Kaur M, Deorari M, Kazmi I, Mahajan S, Kalra H, Alzarea SI. Exploring ncRNAs in epilepsy: From oxidative stress regulation to therapy. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149089. [PMID: 38880410 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological illness which is linked with high worldwide burdens. Oxidative stress (OS) is recognized to be among the contributors that trigger the advancement of epilepsy, affecting neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Various types of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are known to serve vital functions in many disease mechanisms, including epilepsy. The current review sought to understand better the mechanisms through which these ncRNAs regulate epilepsy's OS-related pathways. We investigated the functions of microRNAs in controlling gene expression at the post-translatory stage and their involvement in OS and neuroinflammation. We also looked at the different regulatory roles of long ncRNAs, including molecular scaffolding, enhancer, and transcriptional activator, during OS. Circular RNAs and their capability to act as miRNA decoys and their consequential impact on epilepsy development were also explored. Our review aimed to improve the current understanding of novel therapies for epilepsy based on the role of ncRNAs in OS pathways. We also demonstrated the roles of ncRNAs in epilepsy treatment and diagnosis, explaining that these molecules play vital roles that could be used in therapy as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Pant
- Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Clement Town Dehradun, 248002, India; Graphic Era Hill University Clement Town Dehradun, 248002, India
| | - Aanchal Sharma
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjheri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, India
| | - Soumya V Menon
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Haider Ali
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Department of Pharmacology, Kyrgyz State Medical College, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh-247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand- 831001, India
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shriya Mahajan
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140417, Punjab, India
| | - Hitesh Kalra
- Chitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh 174103, India
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Koh S, Lee DY, Cha JM, Kim Y, Kim HH, Yang HJ, Park RW, Choi JY. Association between pre-diagnostic serum uric acid levels in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy and conversion rate to drug-resistant epilepsy within 5 years: A common data model analysis. Seizure 2024; 118:103-109. [PMID: 38669746 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) poses a significant challenge in epilepsy management, and reliable biomarkers for identifying patients at risk of DRE are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum uric acid (UA) levels and the conversion rate to DRE. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a common data model database. The study included patients newly diagnosed with epilepsy, with prediagnostic serum UA levels within a six-month window. Patients were categorized into hyperUA (≥7.0 mg/dL), normoUA (<7.0 and >2.0 mg/dL), and hypoUA (≤2.0 mg/dL) groups based on their prediagnostic UA levels. The outcome was the conversion rate to DRE within five years of epilepsy diagnosis. RESULTS The study included 5,672 patients with epilepsy and overall conversion rate to DRE was 19.4%. The hyperUA group had a lower DRE conversion rate compared to the normoUA group (HR: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.69-0.96]), while the hypoUA group had a higher conversion rate (HR: 1.88 [95% CI: 1.38-2.55]). CONCLUSIONS Serum UA levels have the potential to serve as a biomarker for identifying patients at risk of DRE, indicating a potential avenue for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing DRE conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyon Koh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Kore; Department of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gang Dong Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Hoi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rae Woong Park
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Kore.
| | - Jun Young Choi
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Ergul Erkec O, Yunusoglu O, Huyut Z. Evaluation of repeated ghrelin administration on seizures, oxidative stress and neurochemical parameters in pentyleneterazole induced kindling in rats. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:420-428. [PMID: 35903909 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epileptic seizures are thought to be caused by the impaired balance between excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitor [gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)] neurotransmitters in the brain. Neuropeptides have potent modulator properties on these neurotransmitters.Objective: Ghrelin exerts anticonvulsant effects in an acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model. However, the effect of repeated ghrelin injections in chronic pentylenetetrazole kindling model is not known. In this study, the effects of repeated ghrelin administration on seizure scores, working memory, locomotor activity, oxidative biomarkers, and neurochemical parameters in PTZ kindling in rats was examined.Methods: For this purpose, 35 mg/kg of PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental groups. The rats also received physiological saline/diazepam or ghrelin before each PTZ injection. After behavioural analysis (Y-maze, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests), biochemical and neurochemical analyses were conducted using ELISA.Results: PTZ administration induced progression in the seizure scores and all of the rats in the PS + PTZ group were kindled with the 20th injection. Ghrelin treatment significantly reduced the seizure scores. The difference among the groups in terms of the Y-maze, locomotor activity, and rotarod tests was nonsignificant. PTZ administration significantly decreased the brain GABA, CAT, and AChE levels, and increased the MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels. Repeated ghrelin treatment ameliorated the GABA, AChE, CAT, MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels.Conclusion: Taken together, the results indicated that repeated ghrelin treatment had antioxidant, and anticonvulsant activity on PTZ kindling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ergul Erkec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Oruc Yunusoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Chen X, Luo J, Song M, Pan L, Qu Z, Huang B, Yu S, Shu H. Challenges and prospects in geriatric epilepsy treatment: the role of the blood-brain barrier in pharmacotherapy and drug delivery. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1342366. [PMID: 38389560 PMCID: PMC10882099 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1342366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is pivotal in maintaining neuronal physiology within the brain. This review delves into the alterations of the BBB specifically in the context of geriatric epilepsy. We examine how age-related changes in the BBB contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy in the elderly and present significant challenges in pharmacotherapy. Subsequently, we evaluate recent advancements in drug delivery methods targeting the BBB, as well as alternative approaches that could bypass the BBB's restrictive nature. We particularly highlight the use of neurotropic viruses and various synthetic nanoparticles that have been investigated for delivering a range of antiepileptic drugs. Additionally, the advantage and limitation of these diverse delivery methods are discussed. Finally, we analyze the potential efficacy of different drug delivery approaches in the treatment of geriatric epilepsy, aiming to provide insights into more effective management of this condition in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhichuang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Meishan City People's Hospital, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Burn and Plastic, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sixun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haifeng Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Radaković M, Andrić JF, Spariosu K, Vejnović B, Filipović MK, Andrić N. Serum oxidant-antioxidant status and butyrylcholinesterase activity in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy - A pilot study. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105076. [PMID: 37939632 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in pathogenesis of idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Although IE is the most common neurological condition, oxidant-antioxidant status in epileptic dogs is still unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum oxidant-antioxidant status in dogs with newly diagnosed IE. The status in 15 dogs with IE and 15 healthy dogs is estimated through spectrophotometric determination of two oxidant markers: advanced oxidation protein products-albumin index (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); and three antioxidant markers: total thiols (R-SH) level, glutathione (GSH) level, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity. Also, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity is assessed in both groups of dogs. Higher AOPP is observed in the dogs with newly diagnosed IE, while TBARS level shows no difference when compared to the healthy dogs. In contrast, lower levels of antioxidants (R-SH, GSH, and PON-1) and BChE activity are found in the dogs with IE. No significant differences are observed in the oxidant and antioxidant markers and BChE activity across the investigated IE cases with focal and generalized seizures. Our findings provide evidence that dogs with IE are characterized by an impaired serum oxidant-antioxidant balance and lower BChE activity, which may contribute to a better understanding of IE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Radaković
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Francuski Andrić
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Kristina Spariosu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Vejnović
- Department of Economics and Statistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Milica Kovačević Filipović
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Nenad Andrić
- Department of Equine, Small Аnimal, Poultry and Wild Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade s, Serbia.
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Schulz JA, Hartz AMS, Bauer B. ABCB1 and ABCG2 Regulation at the Blood-Brain Barrier: Potential New Targets to Improve Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:815-853. [PMID: 36973040 PMCID: PMC10441638 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The drug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier limit the delivery of drugs into the brain. Strategies to overcome ABCB1/ABCG2 have been largely unsuccessful, which poses a tremendous clinical problem to successfully treat central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Understanding basic transporter biology, including intracellular regulation mechanisms that control these transporters, is critical to solving this clinical problem.In this comprehensive review, we summarize current knowledge on signaling pathways that regulate ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier. In Section I, we give a historical overview on blood-brain barrier research and introduce the role that ABCB1 and ABCG2 play in this context. In Section II, we summarize the most important strategies that have been tested to overcome the ABCB1/ABCG2 efflux system at the blood-brain barrier. In Section III, the main component of this review, we provide detailed information on the signaling pathways that have been identified to control ABCB1/ABCG2 at the blood-brain barrier and their potential clinical relevance. This is followed by Section IV, where we explain the clinical implications of ABCB1/ABCG2 regulation in the context of CNS disease. Lastly, in Section V, we conclude by highlighting examples of how transporter regulation could be targeted for therapeutic purposes in the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The ABCB1/ABCG2 drug efflux system at the blood-brain barrier poses a significant problem to successful drug delivery to the brain. The article reviews signaling pathways that regulate blood-brain barrier ABCB1/ABCG2 and could potentially be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Schulz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Anika M S Hartz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Björn Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (J.A.S., B.B.), Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine (A.M.S.H.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Mathews J, Chang A(J, Devlin L, Levin M. Cellular signaling pathways as plastic, proto-cognitive systems: Implications for biomedicine. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 4:100737. [PMID: 37223267 PMCID: PMC10201306 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2023.100737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of health and disease are modeled using the abstraction of a "pathway"-a set of protein or other subcellular activities with specified functional linkages between them. This metaphor is a paradigmatic case of a deterministic, mechanistic framework that focuses biomedical intervention strategies on altering the members of this network or the up-/down-regulation links between them-rewiring the molecular hardware. However, protein pathways and transcriptional networks exhibit interesting and unexpected capabilities such as trainability (memory) and information processing in a context-sensitive manner. Specifically, they may be amenable to manipulation via their history of stimuli (equivalent to experiences in behavioral science). If true, this would enable a new class of biomedical interventions that target aspects of the dynamic physiological "software" implemented by pathways and gene-regulatory networks. Here, we briefly review clinical and laboratory data that show how high-level cognitive inputs and mechanistic pathway modulation interact to determine outcomes in vivo. Further, we propose an expanded view of pathways from the perspective of basal cognition and argue that a broader understanding of pathways and how they process contextual information across scales will catalyze progress in many areas of physiology and neurobiology. We argue that this fuller understanding of the functionality and tractability of pathways must go beyond a focus on the mechanistic details of protein and drug structure to encompass their physiological history as well as their embedding within higher levels of organization in the organism, with numerous implications for data science addressing health and disease. Exploiting tools and concepts from behavioral and cognitive sciences to explore a proto-cognitive metaphor for the pathways underlying health and disease is more than a philosophical stance on biochemical processes; at stake is a new roadmap for overcoming the limitations of today's pharmacological strategies and for inferring future therapeutic interventions for a wide range of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Mathews
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | | | - Liam Devlin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Madireddy S, Madireddy S. Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13050784. [PMID: 37239256 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder involving spontaneous and recurring seizures that affects 50 million individuals globally. Because approximately one-third of patients with epilepsy do not respond to drug therapy, the development of new therapeutic strategies against epilepsy could be beneficial. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently observed in epilepsy. Additionally, neuroinflammation is increasingly understood to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also recognized for its contributions to neuronal excitability and apoptosis, which can lead to neuronal loss in epilepsy. This review focuses on the roles of oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, NAPDH oxidase, the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation in the development of epilepsy. We also review the therapies used to treat epilepsy and prevent seizures, including anti-seizure medications, anti-epileptic drugs, anti-inflammatory therapies, and antioxidant therapies. In addition, we review the use of neuromodulation and surgery in the treatment of epilepsy. Finally, we present the role of dietary and nutritional strategies in the management of epilepsy, including the ketogenic diet and the intake of vitamins, polyphenols, and flavonoids. By reviewing available interventions and research on the pathophysiology of epilepsy, this review points to areas of further development for therapies that can manage epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Madireddy
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Yakimov AM, Timechko EE, Areshkina IG, Usoltseva AA, Yakovleva KD, Kantimirova EA, Utyashev N, Ivin N, Dmitrenko DV. MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Surgical Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065694. [PMID: 36982768 PMCID: PMC10052204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of epilepsy. For most patients suffering from TLE, the only treatment option is surgery. However, there is a high possibility of relapse. Invasive EEG as a method for predicting the outcome of surgical treatment is a very complex and invasive manipulation, so the search for outcome biomarkers is an urgent task. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers of surgical outcome are the subject of this study. For this study, a systematic search for publications in databases such as PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MDPI was carried out. The following keywords were used: temporal lobe epilepsy, microRNA, biomarkers, surgery, and outcome. Three microRNAs were studied as prognostic biomarkers of surgical outcome: miR-27a-3p, miR-328-3p, and miR-654-3p. According to the results of the study, only miR-654-3p showed a good ability to discriminate between patients with poor and good surgical outcomes. MiR-654-3p is involved in the following biological pathways: ATP-binding cassette drug transporters, glutamate transporter SLC7A11, and TP53. A specific target for miR-654-3p is GLRA2, the glycine receptor subunit. MicroRNAs, which are diagnostic biomarkers of TLE, and epileptogenesis, miR-134-5p, MiR-30a, miRs-143, etc., can be considered as potential biomarkers of surgical outcome, as they can be indicators of early and late relapses. These microRNAs are involved in the processes characteristic of epilepsy: oxidative stress and apoptosis. The study of miRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers of surgical outcome is an urgent task and should be continued. However, when studying miRNA expression profiles, it is important to take into account and note a number of factors, such as the type of sample under study, the time of sampling for the study, the type and duration of the disease, and the type of antiepileptic treatment. Without taking into account all these factors, it is impossible to assess the influence and involvement of miRNAs in epileptic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M. Yakimov
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena E. Timechko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.T.); (D.V.D.)
| | - Irina G. Areshkina
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Anna A. Usoltseva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Kristina D. Yakovleva
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kantimirova
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nikita Utyashev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov”, 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Ivin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “National Medical and Surgical Center Named after N.I. Pirogov”, 105203 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana V. Dmitrenko
- Department of Medical Genetics and Clinical Neurophysiology of Postgraduate Education, V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (E.E.T.); (D.V.D.)
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13
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Wang Y, Wu J, Wang J, He L, Lai H, Zhang T, Wang X, Li W. Mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells: Triggering blood-brain barrier disruption. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:71-82. [PMID: 36709855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier disruption plays an important role in central nervous system diseases. This review provides information on the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in brain microvascular endothelial cells in cellular dysfunction, the disruption of intercellular junctions, transporter dysfunction, abnormal angiogenesis, neurovascular decoupling, and the involvement and aggravation of vascular inflammation and illustrates related molecular mechanisms. In addition, recent drug and nondrug therapies targeting cerebral vascular endothelial cell mitochondria to repair the blood-brain barrier are discussed. This review shows that mitochondrial oxidative stress disorder in brain microvascular endothelial cells plays a key role in the occurrence and development of blood-brain barrier damage and may be critical in various pathological mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage. These new findings suggest a potential new strategy for the treatment of central nervous system diseases through mitochondrial modulation of cerebral vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Jiexin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Linxi He
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Han Lai
- School of Foreign Languages, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
| | - Weihong Li
- Basic Medical College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610000, PR China.
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Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. The Role of ABC Transporters in Skin Cells Exposed to UV Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010115. [PMID: 36613554 PMCID: PMC9820374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters are expressed in skin cells to protect them against harmful xenobiotics. Moreover, these transmembrane proteins have a number of additional functions that ensure skin homeostasis. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of specific ABC proteins in the skin, including multi-drug resistance transporters (MDR1/3), the transporter associated with antigen processing 1/2 (TAP1/2), the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/2), and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). Additionally, the effect of UV radiation on ABC transporters is shown. The exposure of skin cells to UV radiation often leads to increased activity of ABC transporters-as has been observed in the case of MDRs, TAPs, CFTR, and BCRP. A different effect of oxidative stress has been observed in the case of mitochondrial SURs. However, the limited data in the literature-as indicated in this article-highlights the limited number of experimental studies dealing with the role of ABC transporters in the physiology and pathophysiology of skin cells and the skin as a whole. At the same time, the importance of such knowledge in relation to the possibility of daily exposure to UV radiation and xenobiotics, used for both skin care and the treatment of its diseases, is emphasized.
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Shehta N, Kamel AE, Sobhy E, Ismail MH. Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in patients with epilepsy: a case–control study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROSURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41983-022-00479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oxidative stress has a significant influence in the initiation and progression of epileptic seizures. It was reported that inhibiting oxidative stress could protect against epilepsy. The aim of the current research is to estimate some biomarkers that reflect the oxidative stress in epileptics, its relation to seizure control as well as to study the impact of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on these biomarkers. This case–control study included 62 epileptic patients beside 62 age and gender-matched healthy controls. The epileptic patients subjected to detailed history taking with special regards to disease duration, seizure frequency, and the current AEDs. Laboratory evaluation of serum malondialdehyde (a lipid peroxidation byproduct) and superoxide dismutase (an endogenous antioxidant) were done.
Results
Malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was lower in epileptic patients than in the controls (p < 0.001). Seizure frequency was directly correlated with MDA (r = 0.584, p < 0.001) while inversely correlated with SOD (r = − 0.432, p = 0.008). High MDA and low SOD were recorded in epileptic patients receiving polytherapy as compared to monotherapy (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Epileptic patients had higher oxidative stress biomarkers than healthy individuals. Frequent seizures, long disease duration, and AEDs were associated with higher MDA and lower SOD that reflects an imbalance in the oxidant–antioxidant status among these patients.
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16
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Fagiolino P, Vázquez M. Tissue Drug Concentration. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1109-1123. [PMID: 35466869 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220422091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood flow enables the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the different tissues of the human body. Drugs follow the same route as oxygen and nutrients; thus, drug concentrations in tissues are highly dependent on the blood flow fraction delivered to each of these tissues. Although the free drug concentration in blood is considered to correlate with pharmacodynamics, the pharmacodynamics of a drug is actually primarily commanded by the concentrations of drug in the aqueous spaces of bodily tissues. However, the concentrations of drug are not homogeneous throughout the tissues, and they rarely reflect the free drug concentration in the blood. This heterogeneity is due to differences in the blood flow fraction delivered to the tissues and also due to membrane transporters, efflux pumps, and metabolic enzymes. The rate of drug elimination from the body (systemic elimination) depends more on the driving force of drug elimination than on the free concentration of drug at the site from which the drug is being eliminated. In fact, the actual free drug concentration in the tissues results from the balance between the input and output rates. In the present paper, we develop a theoretical concept regarding solute partition between intravascular and extravascular spaces; discuss experimental research on aqueous/non-aqueous solute partitioning and clinical research on microdialysis; and present hypotheses to predict in-vivo elimination using parameters of in-vitro metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fagiolino
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta Vázquez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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17
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Lee YR, Lee WH, Lee SY, Lee J, Kim MS, Moon M, Park GW, Kim HS, Kim JI, Lee JS, Lee S. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Promotes Growth and Carotenoid Production Under Autotrophic Conditions in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:847757. [PMID: 35295297 PMCID: PMC8920488 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.847757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial demand for capture and utilization using microorganisms to reduce CO2, a major cause of global warming, is significantly increasing. Rhodobacter sphaeroides is a suitable strain for the process of converting CO2 into high-value materials because it can accept CO2 and has various metabolic pathways. However, it has been mainly studied for heterotrophic growth that uses sugars and organic acids as carbon sources, not autotrophic growth. Here, we report that the regulation of reactive oxygen species is critical for growth when using CO2 as a sole carbon source in R. sphaeroides. In general, the growth rate is much slower under autotrophic conditions compared to heterotrophic conditions. To improve this, we performed random mutagenesis using N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG). As a result, we selected the YR-1 strain with a maximum specific growth rate (μ) 1.44 day–1 in the early growth phase, which has a 110% faster growth rate compared to the wild-type. Based on the transcriptome analysis, it was confirmed that the growth was more sensitive to reactive oxygen species under autotrophic conditions. In the YR-1 mutant, the endogenous contents of H2O2 levels and oxidative damage were reduced by 33.3 and 42.7% in the cells, respectively. Furthermore, we measured that concentrations of carotenoids, which are important antioxidants. The total carotenoid is produced 9.63 g/L in the YR-1 mutant, suggesting that the production is 1.7-fold higher than wild-type. Taken together, our observations indicate that controlling ROS promotes cell growth and carotenoid production under autotrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rim Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Won-Heong Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo Youn Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jiye Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Energy Resources Upcycling Research Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Myounghoon Moon
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gwon Woo Park
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hui Su Kim
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Advanced Chemicals and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Il Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Gwangju Bio/Energy R&D Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sangmin Lee,
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Wan X, Liu L, Wang W, Tan Q, Su X, Zhang S, Yang X, Yue Q, Gong Q. 1H-MRS reveals metabolic alterations in generalized tonic-clonic seizures before and after treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 2022; 145:200-207. [PMID: 34595746 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the possible metabolic alterations of bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC) of generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) patients before and after antiepileptic drugs treatment as compared with healthy controls (HCs) using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS We included 23 newly diagnosed and unmedicated GTCS patients and 23 sex- and age-matched HCs. Metabolites including N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (Ins), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), and glutamate + glutamine (Glu + Gln, Glx) concentrations were quantified by using LCModel software and then corrected for the partial volume effect of cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS The results demonstrated that metabolite concentrations were not equal between the left and the right DLPFC. Compared with HC, NAA of the left DLPFC and Cr of the right DLPFC were significantly lower in pre-treatment patients. Self-controlled study revealed that the patients' NAA of the left DLPFC increased while their Cr of the right DLPFC decreased after treatment. Correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between the duration of medication and the pre- and post-treatment difference of Cr. CONCLUSION These findings may shed a light on the metabolic mechanism of GTCS and the neurobiochemical mechanisms of AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wan
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Radiology College of Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Qiaoyue Tan
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaorui Su
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xibiao Yang
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Radiology West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) West China Hospital of Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Chengdu China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu China
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Bögeholz A, Falker-Gieske C, Guélat M, Gurtner C, Hunziker S, Oevermann A, Thaller G, Drögemüller C, Tetens J. GWAS Hits for Bilateral Convergent Strabismus with Exophthalmos in Holstein Cattle Using Imputed Sequence Level Genotypes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071039. [PMID: 34356055 PMCID: PMC8303712 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmos (BCSE) is a malformation of the eyes and is recognized as a mild but progressive disorder that affects cattle in the first two years of life. This most likely inherited disorder is rarely described in cattle resembling autosomal dominantly inherited forms of human progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). In German Braunvieh cattle, two linked genome regions were found that could be responsible for the development and/or progression of BCSE. The goal of this study was to phenotypically characterize BCSE in Holstein cattle from Germany and Switzerland as well as to identify associated genome regions by GWAS. The clinicopathological phenotype of 52 BCSE-affected Holstein cattle was in accordance with the phenotype described in German Braunvieh cattle, but in addition, signs of degeneration and cellular infiltration in the eye muscles were found. By using imputed sequence level genotype data, three genome-wide significant GWAS hits were revealed on different chromosomes that were not detected by initial GWAS based on high density SNP array data highlighting the usefulness of this approach for mapping studies. The associated genome regions include the ABCC4 gene as well as markers adjacent to the NCOR2 and DNAJC3 genes all illustrating possible functional candidate genes. Our results challenge a monogenic mode of inheritance and indicate a more complex inheritance of BCSE in Holstein cattle. Furthermore, in comparison to previous results from German Braunvieh cattle, it illustrates an obvious genetic heterogeneity causing BSCE in cattle. Subsequent whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based analyses might elucidate pathogenic variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Bögeholz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.B.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Clemens Falker-Gieske
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.B.); (C.F.-G.)
| | - Monika Guélat
- Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Corinne Gurtner
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstr. 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Sibylle Hunziker
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Anna Oevermann
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Georg Thaller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Husbandry, Christian-Albrechts-University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 6, 24118 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Cord Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstr. 109a, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.H.); (C.D.)
| | - Jens Tetens
- Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; (A.B.); (C.F.-G.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Shchulkin AV, Abalenikhina YV, Erokhina PD, Chernykh IV, Yakusheva EN. The Role of P-Glycoprotein in Decreasing Cell Membranes Permeability during Oxidative Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:197-206. [PMID: 33832418 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the most clinically significant representatives of the ABC transporter superfamily due to its participation in the transport of biotic components and xenobiotics across the plasma membrane. It is known that various chemicals, environmental factors, and pathological processes can affect P-gp activity and expression. In this study, we investigated the role of P-gp in limiting the cell membrane permeability during oxidative stress. Human adenocarcinoma colon cells (Caco-2) overexpressing P-gp were cultured for 72 h in the medium containing hydrogen peroxide (0.1-50 µM). The transport of the P-gp substrate fexofenadine was evaluated in a special Transwell system. The amounts of P-gp and Nrf2 transcription factor were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentration of SH-groups in proteins and the contents of lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl derivatives were determined spectrophotometrically. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 0.1-5 µM did not significantly affect the studied parameters, while incubation with 10 µM H2O2 decreased in the level of SH groups in cell lysates and increased in the amount of Nrf2 in the cell lysates. Nrf2, in its turn, mediated an increase in the content and activity of the P-gp transporter, thus limiting the increasing permeability of the cell membrane. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 50 µM promoted oxidative stress, which was manifested as a decrease in the content of SH-groups, increase in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products and protein carbonyl derivatives, and decrease in the P-gp level, which led to a significantly increased permeability of the plasma membrane. These results show that the transport and protective roles of P-gp, in particular, reduction of the cell membrane permeability, are affected by the intensity of oxidative stress and can be manifested only if the extent of membrane damage is insignificant.
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Ata Yaseen Abdulqader Y, Abdel Kawy HS, Mohammed Alkreathy H, Abdullah Rajeh N. The potential antiepileptic activity of astaxanthin in epileptic rats treated with valproic acid. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:418-426. [PMID: 34135667 PMCID: PMC8180462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Epilepsy is a neurological disease characterized by sudden, abnormal, and hyper- discharges in the central nervous system (CNS). Valproic acid (VPA) is commonly used as a broad-spectrum antiepileptic therapeutic. However, in many cases, patients develop resistance to VPA treatment due to overwhelming oxidative stress, which in turn might be a major catalyst for disease progression. Therefore, antioxidants can potentially become therapeutic agents by counteracting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated damage. The present study is aimed to evaluate the potential antiepileptic effect of astaxanthin (ASTA) in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced epileptic model rats that are chronically treated with VPA for 8 weeks. Method Fifty-male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: Non-PTZ group, PTZ, PTZ/VPA, PTZ/ASTA, and PTZ/VPA/ASTA treated groups. Results PTZ/VPA treated group showed a neuroprotective effect with improvement in antioxidant levels, behavioral test, and histopathological changes induced by PTZ. VPA also exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect as its treatment resulted in the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). ASTA exhibited an anticonvulsant effect and enhanced anti-inflammatory effect as compared to VPA. During the combined therapy, ASTA potentiated the antiepileptic effect of the VPA by reducing the oxidative stress and TNF-α as well as increased the glutathione (GSH) levels. Also, there were substantial improvements in the behavioral and histopathological changes in the VPA/ASTA treated group as compared to the VPA treated group. Conclusion ASTA could have an antiepileptic and anti-inflammatory effect by reducing ROS generation. Therefore, co-administration of both the therapeutics (VPA/ASTA) has a synergistic effect in treating epilepsy and could potentially minimize recurrence and/or exacerbation of seizures.
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Key Words
- AED, Antiepileptic drugs
- ASTA, Astaxanthin
- Astaxanthin
- BBB, Blood brain barrier
- CNS, Central nervous system
- Epilepsy
- GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein
- GSH, Reduced glutathione
- GTCS, Generalized tonic-clonic seizure
- HPLC, High performance liquid chromatography
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- NO, Nitrous oxide
- OPA, o-Phthalaldehyde
- PC, Protein carbonyl
- PTZ, Pentylenetetrazol
- Pentylenetetrazol
- ROS
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor-α
- VPA, Valproic acid
- Valproic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Yussra Ata Yaseen Abdulqader
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Salah Abdel Kawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nisreen Abdullah Rajeh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Changes in Gene Expression Profiling and Phenotype in Aged Multidrug Resistance Protein 4-Deficient Mouse Retinas. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030455. [PMID: 33804096 PMCID: PMC7999859 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is an energy-dependent membrane transporter responsible for cellular efflux of a broad range of xenobiotics and physiological substrates. In this trial, we aimed to investigate the coeffects of aging and MRP4 deficiency using gene expression microarray and morphological and electrophysiological analyses of mouse retinas. Mrp4-knockout (null) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were reared in the same conditions to 8–12 weeks (young) or 45–55 weeks (aged). Microarray analysis identified 186 differently expressed genes from the retinas of aged Mrp4-null mice as compared to aged WT mice, and subsequent gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses showed that differently expressed genes were related to lens, eye development, vision and transcellular barrier functions that are involved in metabolic pathways or viral infection pathways. No significant change in thickness was observed for each retinal layer among young/aged WT mice and young/aged Mrp4-null mice. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses of retinal cell type did not exhibit an overt change in the cellular morphology or distribution among the four age/genotype groups, and the electroretinogram responses showed no significant differences in the amplitude or the latency between aged WT mice and aged Mrp4-null mice. Aging would be an insufficient stress to cause some damage to the retina in the presence of MRP4 deficiency.
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Charalambous M, Volk HA, Van Ham L, Bhatti SFM. First-line management of canine status epilepticus at home and in hospital-opportunities and limitations of the various administration routes of benzodiazepines. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:103. [PMID: 33663513 PMCID: PMC7934266 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02805-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Charalambous
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luc Van Ham
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie F M Bhatti
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Roynard P, Bilderback A, Dewey CW. Intravenous Ketamine Bolus(es) for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Cluster Seizures: A Retrospective Study of 15 Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:547279. [PMID: 33681317 PMCID: PMC7925624 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.547279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) and cluster seizures (CS) are common occurrences in veterinary neurology and frequent reasons of admission to veterinary hospitals. With prolonged seizure activity, gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) receptors (GABAa receptors) become inactive, leading to a state of pharmacoresistance to benzodiazepines and other GABAergic medications, which is called refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Prolonged seizure activity is also associated with overexpression of N-methyl-D-aspartic (NMDA) receptors. Rodent models have shown the efficacy of ketamine (KET) in treating RSE, and its use has been reported in one canine case of RSE. Boluses of KET 5 mg/kg IV have become the preferred treatment for RSE in our hospital. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate and report our experience with KET IV bolus to treat prolonged and/or repeated seizure activity in cases of canine CS, SE, and RSE. A total of 15 dogs were retrieved, for 20 hospitalizations and 28 KET IV injections over 3 years. KET IV boluses were used 12 times for RSE (9 generalized seizures, 3 focal seizures) and KET terminated the episode of RSE 12/12 times (100%); however, seizures recurred 4/12 times (33%) within ≤6 h of KET IV bolus. When used for CS apart from episodes of RSE, KET IV bolus was associated with termination of the CS episode only 4/14 times (29%). Only 4/28 (14%) KET IV boluses were associated with adverse effects imputable only to the use of KET. One dog experienced a short, self-limited seizure activity during administration of KET IV, which was most likely related to a pre-mature use of KET IV (i.e., before GABAergic resistance and NMDA receptor overexpression had taken place). This study indicates that KET 5 mg/kg IV bolus may be successful for the treatment of RSE in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roynard
- Long Island Veterinary Specialists, Department of Neurology/Neurosurgery, Plainview, NY, United States
| | - Ann Bilderback
- VCA Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Clackamas, OR, United States
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Kaproń B, Czarnomysy R, Wysokiński M, Andrys R, Musilek K, Angeli A, Supuran CT, Plech T. 1,2,4-Triazole-based anticonvulsant agents with additional ROS scavenging activity are effective in a model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:993-1002. [PMID: 32253957 PMCID: PMC7178883 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1748026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are numerous studies supporting the contribution of oxidative stress to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Prolonged oxidative stress is associated with the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters, which results in antiepileptic drugs resistance. During our studies, three 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives were evaluated for the antioxidant activity and anticonvulsant effect in the 6 Hz model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The investigated compounds exhibited 2-3 times more potent anticonvulsant activity than valproic acid in 6 Hz test in mice, which is well-established preclinical model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The antioxidant/ROS scavenging activity was confirmed in both single-electron transfer-based methods (DPPH and CUPRAC) and during flow cytometric analysis of total ROS activity in U-87 MG cells. Based on the enzymatic studies on human carbonic anhydrases (CAs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), one can assume that the herein investigated drug candidates will not impair the cognitive processes mediated by CAs and will have minimal off-target cholinergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kaproń
- Department of Clinical Genetics, I Faculty of Medicine with Dentistry Division, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Wysokiński
- Department of Basic Nursing and Medical Teaching, Chair of Development in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Tomasz Plech
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Liu J, Li Z, Ghanizadeh H, Kerckhoffs H, Sofkova-Bobcheva S, Wu W, Wang X, Liu Y, Li X, Zhao H, Chen X, Zhang Y, Wang A. Comparative Genomic and Physiological Analyses of a Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic (SODm-123) for Its Ability to Respond to Oxidative Stress in Tomato Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:13608-13619. [PMID: 33175525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are a group of enzymes that have a crucial role in controlling oxidative stress in plants. Here, we synthesized an environmentally friendly SOD mimic, SODm-123, from L-aspartic acid and manganese oxide. SODm-123 showed similar enzymatic activity to Mn-SOD. To gain insights into the role of SODm-123 in oxidative stress tolerance, a series of experiments were conducted to assess the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants when treated with SODm-123. The results showed that the levels of O2-• and H2O2 in tomato cells were affected by SODm-123 treatment, indicating that SODm-123 can control oxidative stress like Mn-SOD. The results also exhibited that SODm-123 increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments. However, it was noted that SODm-123 resulted in a reduction in the content of soluble sugar and MDA. These results indicate that SODm-123 promoted the efficiency of photosynthesis by regulating the content of H2O2. To further investigate the role of SODm-123 in controlling oxidative stress, a transcriptome analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with SODm-123 treatment. The results indicated that SODm-123 treatment resulted in 341 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treated tomato leaves at 96 h after treatment. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) revealed that DEGs were involved in pathways such as photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis, ABC transporters, sugar metabolism, and MAPK signaling, which further confirmed a positive role of SODm-123 in improving stress tolerance in plants. Overall, the results of this study suggest that SODm-123 promotes the growth and development of tomato seedlings and therefore can be used as a potential growth-promoting agent for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhugang Li
- Institute of Tillage and Cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hossein Ghanizadeh
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Huub Kerckhoffs
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Wending Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanxin Liu
- College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinmao Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Daqing High-Tech Zone Huamei Technology Co., Ltd., Daqing 161090, China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Cannabidiol protects keratinocyte cell membranes following exposure to UVB and hydrogen peroxide. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101613. [PMID: 32863232 PMCID: PMC7327251 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratinocytes, the major cell type of the epidermis, are particularly sensitive to environmental factors including exposure to sunlight and chemical agents. Since oxidative stress may arise as a result of these factors, compounds are actively sought that can act as protective agents. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid found in Cannabis Sativa L., has gained increased interest due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and absence of psychoactive effects. This prompted us to analyze the protective effects of CBD on keratinocytes exposed to UVB irradiation and hydrogen peroxide. Here we show, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, that CBD was able to penetrate keratinocytes, and accumulated within the cellular membrane. CBD reduced redox balance shift, towards oxidative stress, caused by exposure UVB/hydrogen peroxide, estimated by superoxide anion radical generation and total antioxidant status and consequently lipid peroxidation level. CBD was found to protect keratinocytes by preventing changes in the composition of the cellular membrane, associated with UVB/hydrogen peroxide damages which included reduced polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, increased sialic acid and lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 8-isoprostanes) levels. This maintains cell membranes integrity and prevents the release of lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, CBD prevented UVB/hydrogen peroxide-induced reduction of keratinocyte size and zeta potential, and also decreased activity of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters. Together, these findings suggest that CBD could be a potential protective agent for keratinocytes against the harmful effects of irradiation and chemical environmental factors that cause oxidative stress. UVB/H2O2 stimulates keratinocytes membrane penetration by CBD. CBD protects cells against UVB/H2O2 induced redox imbalance. CBD maintains membrane integrity by preventing its component modifications. CBD decreases activity of ATP-binding cassette membrane transporters. CBD could be a potential keratinocytes protector against the harmful factors.
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28
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Chen X, Bao G, Liu F. Inhibition of USP15 Prevent Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Damage by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HT22 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:999-1010. [PMID: 31933062 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as the significant mediator in epilepsy, which is a chronic disorder in central nervous system. About 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drug treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of oxidative damage in epilepsy needs further investigation. In our study, we first find that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) expression was upregulated in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled rat model of epilepsy. Silencing USP15 protected against glutamate-mediated neuronal cell death, and inhibited the high expression levels of cleaved caspase-3. Knockout of USP15 significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HT22 cells under the exposure to glutamate treatment. Furthermore, USP15 inhibition induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and promoted protein expression level of heme oxygenase (HO-1). Taken together, our findings first reveal a role of USP15 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and silencing USP15 in vitro protects against glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of USP15 may alleviate epileptic seizures via fighting against oxidative damage, providing a novel antiepileptic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Guanshui Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China
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Characterization and Validation of an "Acute Aerobic Exercise Load" as a Tool to Assess Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Nutrition in Healthy Subjects Using a Statistically Integrated Approach in a Comprehensive Clinical Trial. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:9526725. [PMID: 31612079 PMCID: PMC6755301 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9526725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic challenge may provide unique opportunities for quantitative assessment of the health-promoting effects of nutritional interventions in healthy individuals. Objective. The present study is aimed at characterizing and validating the use of acute aerobic exercise (AAE) on a treadmill at 60% of VO2max for 30 min, in assessing the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of a nutritional intervention. In a controlled, randomized, parallel trial of Korean black raspberry (KBR) (n = 24/group), fasting blood and urine samples collected before and following the AAE load at either baseline or 4-week follow-up were analyzed for biochemical markers, 1H-NMR metabolomics, and transcriptomics. The AAE was characterized using the placebo data only, and either the placebo or the treatment data were used in the validation. The AAE load generated a total of 50 correlations of 44 selected markers, based on Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis of 105 differential markers. Subsequent mapping of selected markers onto the KEGG pathway dataset showed 127 pathways relevant to the AAE load. Of these, 54 pathways involving 18 key targets were annotated to be related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The biochemical responses were amplified with the AAE load as compared to those with no load, whereas, the metabolomic and transcriptomic responses were downgraded. Furthermore, target-pathway network analysis revealed that the AAE load provided more explanations on how KBR exerted antioxidant effects in healthy subjects (29 pathways involving 12 key targets with AAE vs. 12 pathways involving 2 key targets without AAE). This study provides considerable insight into the molecular changes incurred by AAE and furthers our understanding that AAE-induced homeostatic perturbation could magnify oxidative and inflammatory responses, thereby providing a unique opportunity to test functional foods for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory purposes in clinical settings with healthy subjects.
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Redox-Mediated Mechanism of Chemoresistance in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100471. [PMID: 31658599 PMCID: PMC6826977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) status is stabilized by a balance of ROS generation and elimination called redox homeostasis. ROS is increased by activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family members and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis of mitochondria. Increased ROS is detoxified by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxiredoxins. ROS has a role as a secondary messenger in signal transduction. Cancer cells induce fluctuations of redox homeostasis by variation of ROS regulated machinery, leading to increased tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Redox-mediated mechanisms of chemoresistance include endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy, increased cell cycle progression, and increased conversion to metastasis or cancer stem-like cells. This review discusses changes of the redox state in tumorigenesis and redox-mediated mechanisms involved in tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
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Liu DH, Agbo E, Zhang SH, Zhu JL. Anticonvulsant and Neuroprotective Effects of Paeonol in Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2556-2565. [PMID: 31520267 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02874-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paeonol is the main active compound in the root bark extract of the peony tree, and it has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies have reported the neuroprotective effects of paeonol including its capacity in improving impaired memory. However, the effect of paeonol on epilepsy is yet to be demystified. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of paeonol in epilepsy and its relationship with oxidative stress damage and neuronal loss in the rat brain to reveal the underlying mechanisms of epileptic seizures. A rat model for chronic epilepsy was established, and the seizure scores of the rats in different groups were recorded. The seizure duration and the seizure onset latency were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant effects of paeonol. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling staining, Nissl staining and H/E staining were used to evaluate the effects of paeonol on neuronal loss and apoptosis in epileptic rats. The colorimetric assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity of paeonol were used in assessing paeonol's effect on oxidative stress in epileptic rats. Evaluation of Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression levels were determined using western blot and quantitative real-time (RT-q)PCR. In this study, we found that paeonol reduced the seizure scores of epileptic rats and attenuated the duration and onset latency of seizures. Paeonol can also increase the activities of total antioxidant capacity, SOD and catalase activity and reduce MDA content as well. This suggests that paeonol can improve the level of oxidative stress in rats. More significantly, paeonol can improve neuronal loss and apoptosis in epileptic rats. These results indicate that paeonol has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects in epileptic rats. This effect may be caused by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hai Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Elvis Agbo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ling Zhu
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Fei Z, Hu M, Baum L, Kwan P, Hong T, Zhang C. The potential role of human multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) in the transport of Huperzine A in vitro. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:354-362. [PMID: 31132291 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1623935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Mengyun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Larry Baum
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Targeting and Drug Screening Research, Nanchang, PR China
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ABC transporters in drug-resistant epilepsy: mechanisms of upregulation and therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:357-376. [PMID: 31051235 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) affects approximately one third of epileptic patients. Among various theories that try to explain multidrug resistance, the transporter hypothesis is the most extensively studied. Accordingly, the overexpression of efflux transporters in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), mainly from the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily, may be responsible for hampering the access of antiepileptic drugs into the brain. P-glycoprotein and other efflux transporters are known to be upregulated in endothelial cells, astrocytes and neurons of the neurovascular unit, a functional barrier critically involved in the brain penetration of drugs. Inflammation and oxidative stress involved in the pathophysiology of epilepsy together with uncontrolled recurrent seizures, drug-associated induction and genetic polymorphisms are among the possible causes of ABC transporters overexpression in DRE. The aforementioned pathological mechanisms will be herein discussed together with the multiple strategies to overcome the activity of efflux transporters in the BBB - from direct transporters inhibition to down-regulation of gene expression resorting to RNA interference (RNAi), or by targeting key modulators of inflammation and seizure-mediated signalling.
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Musumeci T, Bonaccorso A, Puglisi G. Epilepsy Disease and Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Polymeric Nanoparticles: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E118. [PMID: 30871237 PMCID: PMC6471219 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is the fourth most common global neurological problem, which can be considered a spectrum disorder because of its various causes, seizure types, its ability to vary in severity and the impact from person to person, as well as its range of co-existing conditions. The approaches to drug therapy of epilepsy are directed at the control of symptoms by chronic administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). These AEDs are administered orally or intravenously but alternative routes of administration are needed to overcome some important limits. Intranasal (IN) administration represents an attractive route because it is possible to reach the brain bypassing the blood brain barrier while the drug avoids first-pass metabolism. It is possible to obtain an increase in patient compliance for the easy and non-invasive route of administration. This route, however, has some drawbacks such as mucociliary clearance and the small volume that can be administered, in fact, only drugs that are efficacious at low doses can be considered. The drug also needs excellent aqueous solubility or must be able to be formulated using solubilizing agents. The use of nanomedicine formulations able to encapsulate active molecules represents a good strategy to overcome several limitations of this route and of conventional drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss the innovative application of nanomedicine for epilepsy treatment using nose-to-brain delivery with particular attention focused on polymeric nanoparticles to load drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Puglisi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania; V.le Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Arena A, Zimmer TS, van Scheppingen J, Korotkov A, Anink JJ, Mühlebner A, Jansen FE, van Hecke W, Spliet WG, van Rijen PC, Vezzani A, Baayen JC, Idema S, Iyer AM, Perluigi M, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. Oxidative stress and inflammation in a spectrum of epileptogenic cortical malformations: molecular insights into their interdependence. Brain Pathol 2018; 29:351-365. [PMID: 30303592 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) occurs in brains of patients with epilepsy and coincides with brain inflammation, and both phenomena contribute to seizure generation in animal models. We investigated whether expression of OS and brain inflammation markers co-occurred also in resected brain tissue of patients with epileptogenic cortical malformations: hemimegalencephaly (HME), focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) and cortical tubers in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Moreover, we studied molecular mechanisms linking OS and inflammation in an in vitro model of neuronal function. Untangling interdependency and underlying molecular mechanisms might pose new therapeutic strategies for treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy of different etiologies. Immunohistochemistry was performed for specific OS markers xCT and iNOS and brain inflammation markers TLR4, COX-2 and NF-κB in cortical tissue derived from patients with HME, FCD IIa, IIb and TSC. Additionally, we studied gene expression of these markers using the human neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y in which OS was induced using H2 O2 . OS markers were higher in dysmorphic neurons and balloon/giant cells in cortex of patients with FCD IIb or TSC. Expression of OS markers was positively correlated to expression of brain inflammation markers. In vitro, 100 µM, but not 50 µM, of H2 O2 increased expression of TLR4, IL-1β and COX-2. We found that NF-κB signaling was activated only upon stimulation with 100 µM H2 O2 leading to upregulation of TLR4 signaling and IL-1β. The NF-κB inhibitor TPCA-1 completely reversed this effect. Our results show that OS positively correlates with neuroinflammation and is particularly evident in brain tissue of patients with FCD IIb and TSC. In vitro, NF-κB is involved in the switch to an inflammatory state after OS. We propose that the extent of OS can predict the neuroinflammatory state of the brain. Additionally, antioxidant treatments may prevent the switch to inflammation in neurons thus targeting multiple epileptogenic processes at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Till S Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Anink
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim G Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter C van Rijen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes C Baayen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Idema
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro-)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), the Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Geronzi
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Lotti
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grosso
- Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Development, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Parreira GM, Resende MDA, Garcia IJP, Sartori DB, Umeoka EHDL, Godoy LD, Garcia-Cairasco N, Barbosa LA, Santos HDL, Tilelli CQ. Oxidative stress and Na,K-ATPase activity differential regulation in brainstem and forebrain of Wistar Audiogenic rats may lead to increased seizure susceptibility. Brain Res 2018; 1679:171-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prasad DKV, Satyanarayana U, Shaheen U, Prabha TS, Munshi A. Oxidative Stress in the Development of Genetic Generalised Epilepsy: An Observational Study in Southern Indian Population. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BC05-BC08. [PMID: 29207692 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/29133.10604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress resulting from excessive generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) plays a significant role in neurodegeneration associated with seizures/epilepsy. Aim To evaluate oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in Genetic Generalised Epilepsy (GGE) and to know the extent of oxidative stress induced by Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) with the time duration of treatment. Materials and Methods In this case-control study, 310 GGE patients (male:female=203:107), who were on AED treatment (n=235) and 75 untreated patients (male:female=49:26) along with 310 age and sex matched healthy controls were recruited. Oxidative stress markers such as Nitric Oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities namely Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (CAT) were measured spectrophotometrically. Results Significantly higher levels of serum NO, MDA and low levels of plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were found in patients as compared to controls (p<0.001) whereas erythrocyte SOD, CAT and GPx activities were found to be significantly low in patients when compared to the control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant higher levels of NO, MDA and lower levels of SOD, CAT and TAC were observed in patients subgroup, who were on AEDs for more than >5 years compared to other groups (≤ 1 year and 1-≤ 5 years) (p=0.02, p=0.01, p=0.001, p=0.01 and p=0.05 respectively). Further, significant increase in the levels of NO, MDA and decreased activities of SOD, CAT were found in treated patients compared to untreated patients (p<0.05) denoting that additional oxidative stress induced by AEDs which results in seizure recurrence and drug intractability. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that GGE patients have additional oxidative stress due to AEDs and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities causing an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant status, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of GGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K V Prasad
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - U Satyanarayana
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Dr Pinnamaneni Institute of Medical Sciences, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Uzma Shaheen
- Research Scholar, Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - T Surya Prabha
- Professor, Department of Human Genetics, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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