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Afraz MT, Xu X, Adil M, Manzoor MF, Zeng XA, Han Z, Aadil RM. Subcritical and Supercritical Fluids to Valorize Industrial Fruit and Vegetable Waste. Foods 2023; 12:2417. [PMID: 37372628 DOI: 10.3390/foods12122417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The valorization of industrial fruit and vegetable waste has gained significant attention due to the environmental concerns and economic opportunities associated with its effective utilization. This review article comprehensively discusses the application of subcritical and supercritical fluid technologies in the valorization process, highlighting the potential benefits of these advanced extraction techniques for the recovery of bioactive compounds and unconventional oils from waste materials. Novel pressurized fluid extraction techniques offer significant advantages over conventional methods, enabling effective and sustainable processes that contribute to greener production in the global manufacturing sector. Recovered bio-extract compounds can be used to uplift the nutritional profile of other food products and determine their application in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Valorization processes also play an important role in coping with the increasing demand for bioactive compounds and natural substitutes. Moreover, the integration of spent material in biorefinery and biorefining processes is also explored in terms of energy generation, such as biofuels or electricity, thus showcasing the potential for a circular economy approach in the management of waste streams. An economic evaluation is presented, detailing the cost analysis and potential barriers in the implementation of these valorization strategies. The article emphasizes the importance of fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and policymakers to enable the widespread adoption of these promising technologies. This, in turn, will contribute to a more sustainable and circular economy, maximizing the potential of fruit and vegetable waste as a source of valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Afraz
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
| | - Xindong Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Muhammad Adil
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Xin-An Zeng
- Yangjiang Research Institute, South China University of Technology, Yangjiang 529500, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Zhong Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
- Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Li Y, Zhuang X, Wu X, Qiu C, Wang Y. Sustainable Valorization of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. Residue as the New Lauric Oil Source Using Alternative Green Extraction and Refining Methods. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142047. [PMID: 35885296 PMCID: PMC9324626 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Litsea cubeba is an ethnic woody oil plant, in which essential oil rather than oil has been the main foreign trade product through the decades. Concerning large amounts of residue generated from L. cubeba essential oil processing, a sustainable valorization pathway of these biowastes is proposed in this study. First, such biowastes have been systematically investigated for the first time regarding their oils extracted by three extraction methods, where ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) could significantly improve the extraction rate of traditional pressing and solvent extraction without any changes in oil quality. Moreover, the composition of acylglycerols and fatty acids in L. cubeba fruit, kernel, and peel oils were also first identified, which further proved that peels with abundant free fatty acids could lead to high acid value of L. cubeba fruit oils. Compared to virgin coconut oils, L. cubeba kernel oils have a more balanced fatty acid composition with a high lauric acid level, which could be applied as a promising lauric oil resource. Considering the high acid value in L. cubeba kernel oils, both decoloration using activated clay and alkali deacidification were attempted, where the combination of alkali deacidification and 10% of activated clay performed the best considering both quality and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (C.Q.)
- International College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Xiaoci Zhuang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (C.Q.)
| | - Xinrui Wu
- International College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Chaoying Qiu
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (C.Q.)
- Qingyuan Yaokang Biotechnology, Qingyuan 513200, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong International Joint Research Center for Oilseeds Biorefinery, Nutrition and Safety, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.L.); (X.Z.); (C.Q.)
- International College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-20-8522-0032; Fax: +86-20-8522-6630
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Liu HM, Liu XY, Yan YY, Gao JH, Qin Z, Wang XD. Structural properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides isolated from sunflower meal after oil extraction. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Gu L, Jiao H, McClements DJ, Ji M, Li J, Chang C, Dong S, Su Y, Yang Y. Improvement of egg yolk powder properties through enzymatic hydrolysis and subcritical fluid extraction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang W, Yan Y, Liu H, Qi K, Zhu X, Wang X, Qin G. Subcritical low temperature extraction technology and its application in extracting seed oils. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Hua‐Min Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Kun Qi
- Henan Province Subcritical Extraction Biological Technology Co. Ltd. Anyang China
| | - Xin‐Liang Zhu
- Henan Subcritical Extraction Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Anyang China
| | - Xue‐De Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou China
| | - Guang‐Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
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Yao YT, Wang WY, Liu HM, Hou LX, Wang XD. Emulsifying properties of Chinese quince seed gum in oil-in-water emulsions. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Guzelgulgen M, Ozkendir-Inanc D, Yildiz UH, Arslan-Yildiz A. Glucuronoxylan-based quince seed hydrogel: A promising scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:729-738. [PMID: 33757854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural gums and mucilages from plant-derived polysaccharides are potential candidates for a tissue-engineering scaffold by their ability of gelation and biocompatibility. Herein, we utilized Glucuronoxylan-based quince seed hydrogel (QSH) as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Optimization of QSH gelation was conducted by varying QSH and crosslinker glutaraldehyde (GTA) concentrations. Structural characterization of QSH was done by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, morphological and mechanical investigation of QSH was performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The protein adsorption test revealed the suitability of QSH for cell attachment. Biocompatibility of QSH was confirmed by culturing NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells on it. Cell viability and proliferation results revealed that optimum parameters for cell viability were 2 mg mL-1 of QSH and 0.03 M GTA. SEM and DAPI staining results indicated the formation of spheroids with a diameter of approximately 300 μm. Furthermore, formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment was confirmed with the Collagen Type-I staining. Here, it was demonstrated that the fabricated QSH is a promising scaffold for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering applications provided by its highly porous structure, remarkable swelling capacity and high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Guzelgulgen
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Dilce Ozkendir-Inanc
- Department of Photonic, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Umit Hakan Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Ahu Arslan-Yildiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH), 35430 Izmir, Turkey.
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Wongwaiwech D, Weerawatanakorn M, Boonnoun P. Subcritical dimethyl ether extraction as a simple method to extract nutraceuticals from byproducts from rice bran oil manufacture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21007. [PMID: 33273543 PMCID: PMC7713051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The byproducts of rice bran oil processes are a good source of fat-soluble nutraceuticals, including γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanols. This study aimed to investigate the effects of green technology with low pressure as the subcritical fluid extraction with dimethyl ether (SUBFDME) on the amount of γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol extracted from the byproducts and to increase the purity of policosanols. The SUBFDME extraction apparatus was operated under pressures below 1 MPa. Compared to the chemical extraction method, SUBFDME gave the highest content of γ-oryzanol at 924.51 mg/100 g from defatted rice bran, followed by 829.88 mg/100 g from the filter cake, while the highest phytosterol content was 367.54 mg/100 g. Transesterification gave the highest extraction yield of 43.71% with the highest policosanol content (30,787 mg/100 g), and the SUBFDME method increased the policosanol level from transesterified rice bran wax to 84,913.14 mg/100 g. The results indicate that the SUBFDME method is a promising tool to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol and a simple and effective technique to increase the purity of policosanol. The study presented a novel technique for the potential use of SUBSFDME as an alternative low-pressure and low-temperature technique to extract γ-oryzanol and phytosterol. The combination of transesterification and the SUBFDME technique is a potential simple two-step method to extract and purify policosanol, which is beneficial for the manufacture of dietary supplements, functional foods and pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donporn Wongwaiwech
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand.
| | - Panatpong Boonnoun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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Characterization and Biological Activities of Seed Oil Extracted from Berberis dasystachya Maxim. by the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Method. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081836. [PMID: 32316267 PMCID: PMC7221573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the structure and pharmacological activity of Berberis dasystachya Maxim., a traditional Tibetan medicinal and edible fruit, has not yet been reported. In this study, central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of B. dasystachya oil (BDSO) using the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction method, and the results were compared with those obtained by the petroleum ether extraction (PEE) method. The chemical characteristics of BDSO were analyzed, and its antioxidant activity and in vitro cellular viability were studied by DPPH, ABTS, reducing power assay, and MTT assay. The results showed that the maximum yield of 12.54 ± 0.56 g/100 g was obtained at the optimal extraction conditions, which were: pressure, 25.00 MPa; temperature 59.03 °C; and CO2 flow rate, 2.25 SL/min. The Gas chromatography (GC) analysis results showed that BDSO extracted by the SC-CO2 method had higher contents of unsaturated fatty acids (85.62%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (57.90%) than that extracted by the PEE method. The gas chromatography used in conjunction with ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) results showed that the main volatile compounds in BDSO were aldehydes and esters. BDSO also exhibited antioxidant ability in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, normal and cancer cells incubated with BDSO had survival rates of more than 85%, which indicates that BDSO is not cytotoxic. Based on these results, the BDSO extracted by the SC-CO2 method could potentially be used in other applications, e.g., those that involve using berries of B. dasystachya.
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Fierascu RC, Fierascu I, Ortan A, Georgiev MI, Sieniawska E. Innovative Approaches for Recovery of Phytoconstituents from Medicinal/Aromatic Plants and Biotechnological Production. Molecules 2020; 25:E309. [PMID: 31940923 PMCID: PMC7024203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuously growing demand for plant derived therapeutic molecules obtained in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner favors biotechnological production and development of innovative extraction techniques to obtain phytoconstituents. What is more, improving and optimization of alternative techniques for the isolation of high value natural compounds are issues having both social and economic importance. In this critical review, the aspects regarding plant biotechnology and green downstream processing, leading to the production and extraction of increased levels of fine chemicals from both plant cell, tissue, and organ culture or fresh plant materials and the remaining by-products, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.F.); (A.O.); (M.I.G.)
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.F.); (A.O.); (M.I.G.)
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry, ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Ortan
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.F.); (A.O.); (M.I.G.)
| | - Milen I. Georgiev
- University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd., 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (R.C.F.); (A.O.); (M.I.G.)
- Group of Plant Cell Biotechnology and Metabolomics, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Yesil-Celiktas O, Imamoglu E. A novel subcritical fucoxanthin extraction with a biorefinery approach. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2019.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Recent advances of modern sample preparation techniques for traditional Chinese medicines. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1606:460377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhang R, Li S, Zhu Z, He J. Recent advances in valorization of Chaenomeles fruit: A review of botanical profile, phytochemistry, advanced extraction technologies and bioactivities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhang RY, Liu HM, Ma YX, Wang XD. Characterization of fragrant oil extracted from pepper seed during subcritical propane extraction. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Wang C, Duan Z, Fan L, Li J. Supercritical CO₂ Fluid Extraction of Elaeagnus mollis Diels Seed Oil and Its Antioxidant Ability. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050911. [PMID: 30841628 PMCID: PMC6429187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Supercritical fluid carbon dioxide (SF-CO₂) was used to extract oil from Elaeagnus mollis Diels (E. mollis Diels) seed and its antioxidant ability was also investigated. The effect of extraction pressure (20⁻35 MPa), extraction temperature (35⁻65 C), extraction time (90⁻180 min) and seed particle size (40⁻100 mesh) on the oil yield were studied. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the best operating conditions for the maximum extraction oil yield. Based on the optimum conditions, the maximum yield reached 29.35% at 30 MPa, 50 C, 150 min, 80 mesh seed particle size and 40 g/min SF-CO2 flow rate. The E. mollis Diels seed (EDS) oil obtained under optimal SF-CO2 extraction conditions had higher unsaturated fatty acid content (91.89%), higher vitamin E content (96.24 ± 3.01 mg/100 g) and higher total phytosterols content (364.34 ± 4.86 mg/100 g) than that extracted by Soxhlet extraction (SE) and cold pressing (CP) methods. The antioxidant activity of the EDS oil was measured by DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging test. EDS oil extracted by different methods exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant ability, with IC50 values of no significant differences. Based on the results of correlation between bioactive compounds, lupeol and -tocopherol was the most important antioxidant in EDS oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Wang
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhenhua Duan
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
| | - Liuping Fan
- Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou 542899, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Kurt A, Atalar I. Effects of quince seed on the rheological, structural and sensory characteristics of ice cream. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Wang L, Liu HM, Xie AJ, Wang XD, Zhu CY, Qin GY. Chinese quince ( Chaenomeles sinensis ) seed gum: Structural characterization. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Recovery of Oil with Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Polyphenols from Chaenomelessinensis (Thouin) Koehne: Process Optimization of Pilot-Scale Subcritical Fluid Assisted Extraction. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101788. [PMID: 29065502 PMCID: PMC6151523 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential effects of three modern extraction technologies (cold-pressing, microwaves and subcritical fluids) on the recovery of oil from Chaenomelessinensis (Thouin) Koehne seeds have been evaluated and compared to those of conventional chemical extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction). This oil contains unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. Subcritical fluid extraction (SbFE) provided the highest yield—25.79 g oil/100 g dry seeds—of the three methods. Moreover, the fatty acid composition in the oil samples was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. This analysis showed that the percentages of monounsaturated (46.61%), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (42.14%), after applying SbFE were higher than those obtained by Soxhlet, cold-pressing or microwave-assisted extraction. In addition, the oil obtained under optimized SbFE conditions (35 min extraction at 35 °C with four extraction cycles), showed significant polyphenol (527.36 mg GAE/kg oil), and flavonoid (15.32 mg RE/kg oil), content, had a good appearance and was of high quality.
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