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Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J. Clovamide and Its Derivatives-Bioactive Components of Theobroma cacao and Other Plants in the Context of Human Health. Foods 2024; 13:1118. [PMID: 38611422 PMCID: PMC11011365 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Clovamide (N-caffeoyl-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, N-caffeoyldopamine, N-caffeoyl-L-DOPA) is a derivative of caffeic acid, belonging to phenolamides (hydroxycinnamic acid amides). Despite a growing interest in the biological activity of natural polyphenolic substances, studies on the properties of clovamide and related compounds, their significance as bioactive components of the diet, as well as their effects on human health are a relatively new research trend. On the other hand, in vitro and in vivo evidence indicates the considerable potential of these substances in the context of maintaining human health or using them as pharmacophores. The name "clovamide" directly derives from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), being the first identified source of this compound. In the human diet, clovamides are mainly present in chocolate and other cocoa-containing products. Furthermore, their occurrence in some medicinal plants has also been confirmed. The literature reports deal with the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antiplatelet/antithrombotic and anticancer properties of clovamide-type compounds. This narrative review summarizes the available data on the biological activity of clovamides and their potential health-supporting properties, including prospects for the use of these compounds for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kolodziejczyk-Czepas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Orabi MAA, Abouelela ME, Darwish FMM, Abdelkader MSA, Elsadek BEM, Al Awadh AA, Alshahrani MM, Alhasaniah AH, Aldabaan N, Abdelhamid RA. Ceiba pentandra ethyl acetate extract improves doxorubicin antitumor outcomes against chemically induced liver cancer in rat model: a study supported by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS identification of the bioactive phytomolecules. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1337910. [PMID: 38370475 PMCID: PMC10871037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1337910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent cancer worldwide. Late-stage detection, ineffective treatments, and tumor recurrence contribute to the low survival rate of the HCC. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, like doxorubicin (DOX), are associated with severe side effects, limited effectiveness, and tumor resistance. To improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize these drawbacks, combination therapy with natural drugs is being researched. Herein, we assessed the antitumor efficacy of Ceiba pentandra ethyl acetate extract alone and in combination with DOX against diethylnitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC in rats. Our in vivo study significantly revealed improvement in the liver-function biochemical markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and ALP), the tumor marker (AFP-L3), and the histopathological features of the treated groups. A UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis of the Ceiba pentandra ethyl acetate extract enabled the identification of fifty phytomolecules. Among these are the dietary flavonoids known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities: protocatechuic acid, procyanidin B2, epicatechin, rutin, quercitrin, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, and apigenin. Our findings highlight C. pentandra as an affordable source of phytochemicals with possible chemosensitizing effects, which could be an intriguing candidate for the development of liver cancer therapy, particularly in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. A. Orabi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Abouelela
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faten M. M. Darwish
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Bakheet E. M. Elsadek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Hassan Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nayef Aldabaan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reda A. Abdelhamid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Fayed MAA, Abouelela ME, Refaey MS. Heliotropium ramosissimum metabolic profiling, in silico and in vitro evaluation with potent selective cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12539. [PMID: 35869153 PMCID: PMC9307647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heliotropium is a genus of the Boraginaceae family. Its members are used in many traditional and folklore medicines to treat several ailments. Despite this widespread usage, only a few evidence-based scientific studies investigated and identified its phytoconstituents. Herein, we documented the chemical profile of the Heliotropium ramosissimum methanolic extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS) and assessed its antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The methanolic extract exhibited high phenolic content (179.74 ± 0.58 µg/mL) and high flavonoid content (53.18 ± 0.60 µg/mL). The GC–MS analysis of the lipoidal matter allowed us to identify 41 compounds with high percentages of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methoxyethyl) ester (23.91%), and 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (18.74%). Thirty-two phytomolecules were tentatively identified from the methanolic extract of H. ramosissimum using LC–MS/MS. These compounds belonged to several phytochemical classes such as phenolic acids, alkaloids, coumarins, and flavonoids. Furthermore, we assessed the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract by DPPH assay and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, which yielded IC50 values of 414.30 µg/mL and 170.03 ± 44.40 µM TE/equivalent, respectively. We also assessed the cytotoxicity of the methanolic extract on seven different cell lines; Colo-205, A-375, HeLa, HepG-2, H-460, and OEC showed that it selectively killed cancer cells with particularly potent cytotoxicity against Colo-205 without affecting normal cells. Further studies revealed that the extract induced apoptosis and/or necrosis on Colo-205 cell line at an IC50 of 18.60 µg/mL. Finally, we conducted molecular docking on the LC–ESI–MS/MS-identified compounds against colon cancer antigen 10 to find potentially cytotoxic compounds. Binding score energy analysis showed that isochlorogenic acid and orientin had the highest affinity for the colon cancer antigen 10 protein, with binding scores of (− 13.2001) and (− 13.5655) kcal/mol, respectively. These findings suggest that Heliotropium ramosissimum contains potent therapeutic candidates for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Pandohee J, Kyereh E, Kulshrestha S, Xu B, Mahomoodally MF. Review of the recent developments in metabolomics-based phytochemical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34672234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are important bioactive components present in natural products. Although the health benefits of many food products are well-known and accepted as a common knowledge, the identity of the main bioactive molecules and the mechanism by which they interact in the body of human are often unknown. It was only in the last 30 years when the field of metabolomics had matured that the identification of such molecules with bioactivity has been made possible through the development of instruments to separate and computational techniques to characterize complex samples. This in turn has enabled in vitro studies to quantify the biological activity of the respective phytochemical either in mice models or in humans. In this review, the importance of key dietary phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, resveratrol, curcumin, and capsaicinoids are discussed together with their potential functions for human health. Untargeted metabolomics, in particular, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, is the most used method to isolate, identify and profile bioactive compounds in the study of phytochemicals in foods. The application of metabolomics in drug discovery is a common practice nowadays and has boosted the drug and/or supplement manufacturing sector.HighlightsPhytochemicals are beneficial compounds for human healthPhytochemicals are plant-based bioactive and obtainable from natural productsUntargeted metabolomics has boosted the discovery of phytochemicals from foodTargeted metabolomics is key in the authentication and screening of phytochemicalsMetabolomics of phytochemicals is reshaping the road to drug and supplement manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pandohee
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Wang T, Tang L, Lin R, He D, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Yang P, He J. Individual variability in human urinary metabolites identifies age-related, body mass index-related, and sex-related biomarkers. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1738. [PMID: 34293245 PMCID: PMC8404239 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolites present in human urine can be influenced by individual physiological parameters (e.g., body mass index [BMI], age, and sex). Observation of altered metabolites concentrations could provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis, and facilitate discovery of novel biomarkers. Methods Quantitative metabolomics analysis in the urine of 183 healthy individuals was performed based on high‐resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). Coefficients of variation were obtained for 109 urine metabolites of all the 183 human healthy subjects. Results Three urine metabolites (such as dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, acetaminophen glucuronide, and p‐anisic acid) with CV183 > 0.3, for which metabolomics studies have been scarce, are considered highly variable here. We identified 30 age‐related metabolites, 18 BMI‐related metabolites, and 42 sex‐related metabolites. Among the identified metabolites, three metabolites were found to be associated with all three physiological parameters (age, BMI, and sex), which included dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 3‐methylcrotonylglycine and N‐acetyl‐aspartic acid. Pearson's coefficients demonstrated that some age‐, BMI‐, and sex‐related compounds are strongly correlated, suggesting that age, BMI, and sex could affect them concomitantly. Conclusion Metabolic differences between distinct physiological statuses were found to be related to several metabolic pathways (such as the caffeine metabolism, the amino acid metabolism, and the carbohydrate metabolism), and these findings may be key for the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments as well as new understandings on the mechanisms of some related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianling Wang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Dingxi Campus of Gansu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dingxi, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruili Lin
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dian He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junquan He
- Materia Medica Development Group, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Lanzhou University School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute for Drug Control, Lanzhou, China
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Madala NE, Kabanda MM. LC-MS based validation and DFT investigation on the antioxidant properties of clovamide: •OH and •OOH scavenging and Cu(II) chelation mechanisms. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Phytochemical profile of different anatomical parts of jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen): A comparison between hydroponic and conventional cultivation using PCA and cluster analysis. Food Chem 2020; 332:127393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Nengovhela N, Steenkamp PA, Madala NE. LC-MS Based Metabolite Fingerprinting of Coccinia Plants Reveals Glycoisomerization as a Structual Diversification Strategy in Flavanoid Chemical Space. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-020-00990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Masike K, de Villiers A, Hoffman EW, Brand DJ, Causon T, Stander MA. Detailed Phenolic Characterization of Protea Pure and Hybrid Cultivars by Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-IM-HR-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:485-502. [PMID: 31805232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report a detailed investigation of the polyphenol composition of Protea pure (P. cynaroides and P. neriifolia) and hybrid cultivars (Black beauty and Limelight). Aqueous methanol extracts of leaf and bract tissues were analyzed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography hyphenated to photodiode array and ion mobility-high resolution mass spectrometric (UHPLC-PDA-IM-HR-MS) detection. A total of 67 metabolites were characterized based on their relative reversed phase (RP) retention, UV-vis spectra, low and high collision energy HR-MS data, and collisional cross section (CCS) values. These metabolites included 41 phenolic acid esters and 25 flavonoid derivatives, including 5 anthocyanins. In addition, an undescribed hydroxycinnamic acid-polygalatol ester, caffeoyl-O-polygalatol (1,5-anhydro-[6-O-caffeoyl]-sorbitol(glucitol)) was isolated and characterized by 1D and 2D NMR for the first time. This compound and its isomer are shown to be potential chemo-taxonomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keabetswe Masike
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - André de Villiers
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Eleanor W Hoffman
- Department of Horticultural Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - D Jacobus Brand
- Department of Chemistry, Central Analytical Facility (NMR Unit) , Stellenbosch University , Matieland, 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) , Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry , 1180 Vienna , Austria
| | - Maria A Stander
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
- Central Analytical Facility , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1, Matieland , 7602 Stellenbosch , South Africa
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Knollenberg BJ, Li GX, Lambert JD, Maximova SN, Guiltinan MJ. Clovamide, a Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amide, Is a Resistance Factor Against Phytophthora spp. in Theobroma cacao. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:617520. [PMID: 33424909 PMCID: PMC7786005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxycinnamic acid amides (HCAAs) are a diverse group of plant-specialized phenylpropanoid metabolites distributed widely in the plant kingdom and are known to be involved in tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. The HCAA clovamide is reported in a small number of distantly related species. To explore the contribution of specialized metabolites to disease resistance in cacao (Theobroma cacao L., chocolate tree), we performed untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and compared the basal metabolite profiles in leaves of two cacao genotypes with contrasting levels of susceptibility to Phytophthora spp. Leaves of the tolerant genotype 'Scavina 6' ('Sca6') were found to accumulate dramatically higher levels of clovamide and several other HCAAs compared to the susceptible 'Imperial College Selection 1' ('ICS1'). Clovamide was the most abundant metabolite in 'Sca6' leaf extracts based on MS signal, and was up to 58-fold higher in 'Sca6' than in 'ICS1'. In vitro assays demonstrated that clovamide inhibits growth of three pathogens of cacao in the genus Phytophthora, is a substrate for cacao polyphenol oxidase, and is a contributor to enzymatic browning. Furthermore, clovamide inhibited proteinase and pectinase in vitro, activities associated with defense in plant-pathogen interactions. Fruit epidermal peels from both genotypes contained substantial amounts of clovamide, but two sulfated HCAAs were present at high abundance exclusively in 'Sca6' suggesting a potential functional role of these compounds. The potential to breed cacao with increased HCAAs for improved agricultural performance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Knollenberg
- Plant Biology PhD Program ‐ Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Plant Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Guo-Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joshua D. Lambert
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Siela N. Maximova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Mark J. Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mark J. Guiltinan,
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Tshabalala T, Ncube B, Madala NE, Nyakudya TT, Moyo HP, Sibanda M, Ndhlala AR. Scribbling the Cat: A Case of the "Miracle" Plant, Moringa oleifera. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E510. [PMID: 31731759 PMCID: PMC6918402 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the properties of the most cultivated species of the Moringaceae family, Moringa oleifera Lam. The paper takes a critical look at the positive and the associated negative properties of the plant, with particular emphasis on its chemistry, selected medicinal and nutritional properties, as well as some ecological implications of the plant. The review highlights the importance of glucosinolates (GS) compounds which are relatively unique to the Moringa species family, with glucomoriginin and its acylated derivative being the most abundant. We highlight some new research findings revealing that not all M. oleifera cultivars contain an important flavonoid, rutin. The review also focuses on phenolic acids, tannin, minerals and vitamins, which are in high amounts when compared to most vegetables and fruits. Although there are numerous benefits of using M. oleifera for medicinal purposes, there are reports of contraindications. Nonetheless, we note that there are no major harmful effects of M. oleifera that have been reported by the scientific community. M. oleifera is suspected to be potentially invasive and moderately invasive in some regions of the world because of its ability to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions. However, the plant is currently classified as a low potential invasive species and thus there is a need to constantly monitor the species. Despite the numerous benefits associated with the plant, there is still a paucity of data on clinical trials proving both the positive and negative effects of the plant. We recommend further clinical trials to ascertain the properties associated with the plant, especially regarding long term use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulani Tshabalala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants (VOP), Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.T.); (B.N.)
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
| | - Bhekumthetho Ncube
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants (VOP), Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.T.); (B.N.)
| | - Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa;
| | - Trevor Tapiwa Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2002, South Africa
| | | | - Mbulisi Sibanda
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa;
| | - Ashwell Rungano Ndhlala
- Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Vegetable and Ornamental Plants (VOP), Private Bag X923, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (T.T.); (B.N.)
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Chen L, Chen R, Ouyang H, Wang Q, Li Z, Feng Y, Yang S. Chemical Fingerprint and Metabolic Profile Analysis of Tianshu Tablets by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:9158942. [PMID: 31772816 PMCID: PMC6854980 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9158942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the chemical fingerprinting of traditional Chinese medicines and the metabolites in these compounds has been a hot topic. In the present study, the chemical fingerprint of Tianshu tablets (TST) and the metabolic characteristics of compounds in rats after intragastric administration were studied by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS). In a preliminary study, 77 chemical components in TST were determined by comparison with retention times, accurate molecular mass, and characteristic fragment ions of the known compounds in the literature and some well-known compounds were analyzed in detail, and the fragmentation pathways for parishins B, gastrodin A, and cnidilide or neocnilide were specifically analyzed. After intragastric administration of TST (4 g/kg) to rats, a total of 61 compounds were detected in plasma samples, including 7 prototypes and 54 metabolites. After further analysis, it was found that these metabolites were subjected to glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, or mixed metabolic processes. Hydroxylation and glucuronidation were finally confirmed as the main metabolic pathways. This is the first research on the chemical fingerprint and metabolites of TST, which lays a foundation for further investigation of TST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Renhao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
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Burlec AF, Pecio Ł, Mircea C, Cioancă O, Corciovă A, Nicolescu A, Oleszek W, Hăncianu M. Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Zinnia elegans Jacq. Fractions. Molecules 2019; 24:E2934. [PMID: 31412649 PMCID: PMC6720917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinnia elegans (syn. Zinnia violacea) is a common ornamental plant of the Asteraceae family, widely cultivated for the impressive range of flower colors and persistent bloom. Given its uncomplicated cultivation and high adaptability to harsh landscape conditions, we investigated the potential use of Z. elegans as a source of valuable secondary metabolites. Preliminary classification of compounds found in a methanolic extract obtained from inflorescences of Z. elegans cv. Caroussel was accomplished using HR LC-MS techniques. The extract was then subjected to solid-phase extraction and separation using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, which resulted in several fractions further investigated for their antioxidant properties through lipoxygenase inhibition and metal chelating activity assays. Moreover, following additional purification procedures, structures of some active ingredients were established by NMR spectroscopy. The investigated fractions contained polyphenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acids and apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin glycosides. Antioxidant assays showed that certain fractions exhibit moderate 15-LOX inhibition (Fr 2, IC50 = 18.98 μg/mL) and metal chelation (e.g., Fr 1-2, EC50 = 0.714-1.037 mg/mL) activities as compared to positive controls (20.25 μg/mL for kaempferol and 0.068 mg/mL for EDTA, respectively). For Fr 2, the 15-LOX inhibition activity seems to be related to the abundance of kaempferol glycosides. The NMR analyses revealed the presence of a kaempferol 3-O-glycoside, and a guanidine alkaloid previously not described in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flavia Burlec
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Cornelia Mircea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Oana Cioancă
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreia Corciovă
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Alina Nicolescu
- Center of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitescu", Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202B, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Monica Hăncianu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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14
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Costa FDN, Borges RM, Leitão GG, Jerz G. Preparative mass-spectrometry profiling of minor concentrated metabolites in Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and off-line electrospray mass-spectrometry injection. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1528-1541. [PMID: 30746891 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salicornia species have just been introduced to the European market as a vegetable named 'samphire', 'green asparagus', or 'sea asparagus'. Due to its increasing attention, and associated value, minor compounds of Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq were investigated. The use of countercurrent chromatography and mass spectrometry enabled the search for known, as well as potentially novel natural products. Their identification was achieved based on molecular weights and mass-spectrometric fragmentation data. Low detection limits enabled the visualization of all compounds with their identification in almost real time close to the preparative countercurrent chromatography experiment. A list of known natural products from Salicornia genus guided the identification process of compounds occurring in Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moq by tandem mass spectrometry fragment comparison. The natural product classes were divided into four groups: chlorogenic acid derivatives; flavonoid derivatives; pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins; and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Moreira Borges
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Gilda Guimarães Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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15
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Oracz J, Nebesny E, Żyżelewicz D. Identification and quantification of free and bound phenolic compounds contained in the high-molecular weight melanoidin fractions derived from two different types of cocoa beans by UHPLC-DAD-ESI-HR-MSn. Food Res Int 2019; 115:135-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Mudau SP, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, De Palma M, Tucci M, Madala NE, Dubery IA. Metabolomics-guided investigations of unintended effects of the expression of the hydroxycinnamoyl quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (hqt1) gene from Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus in Nicotiana tabacum cell cultures. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:287-298. [PMID: 29649745 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are phenolic compounds biosynthesized in the phenylpropanoid pathway, with hydroxycinnamoyl quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HQT) as the key enzyme. Variation of CGAs has been noted in different plants, with globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus L.) producing high amounts and a diverse spectrum of CGAs in its leaves. In the current study, the effect of overexpression of the hqt1 transgene from globe artichoke in tobacco was evaluated at the metabolome level. Here, metabolomic approaches based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, together with chemometric models such as principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis, were employed to evaluate altered metabolic changes due to hqt1 overexpression. CGA profiles (caffeoylquinic acids: 3-CQA, 4-CQA and 5-CQA; p-coumaroylquinic acids: 4-pCoQA and 5-pCoQA; and 4,5-di-caffeoylquinic acid) of transgenic tobacco cell cultures were detected at lower concentrations than in the wild type. Interestingly, the cells were found to rather accumulate, as an unintended effect, abscisic acid - and benzoic acid derivatives. The results suggest that insertion of hqt1 in tobacco, and overexpression in undifferentiated cells, led to rechannelling of the phenylpropanoid pathway to accumulate benzoic acids. These findings proved to be contrary to the results shown elsewhere in leaf tissues, thus indicating differential metabolic control and regulation in the undifferentiated cell culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Mudau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - P A Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - L A Piater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
| | - M De Palma
- CNR - Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - M Tucci
- CNR - Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse via Università 133, 80055, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - N E Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
| | - I A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa.
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