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Jaramillo-Martinez V, Sennoune SR, Tikhonova EB, Karamyshev AL, Ganapathy V, Urbatsch IL. Molecular phenotypes segregate missense mutations in SLC13A5 Epilepsy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.23.594637. [PMID: 38826402 PMCID: PMC11142175 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.23.594637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The sodium-coupled citrate transporter (NaCT, SLC13A5) mediates citrate uptake across the plasma membrane via an inward Na + gradient. Mutations in SLC13A5 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type-25 (EIEE25, SLC13A5 Epilepsy) due to impaired citrate uptake in neurons. Despite clinical identification of disease-causing mutations, underlying mechanisms and cures remain elusive. We mechanistically classify the molecular phenotypes of six mutations. C50R, T142M, and T227M exhibit impaired citrate transport despite normal expression at the cell surface. G219R, S427L, and L488P are hampered by low protein expression, ER retention, and reduced transport. Mutants' mRNA levels resemble wildtype, suggesting post-translational defects. Class II mutations display immature core-glycosylation and shortened half-lives, indicating protein folding defects. These experiments provide a comprehensive understanding of the mutation's defects in SLC13A5 Epilepsy at the biochemical and molecular level and shed light into the trafficking pathway(s) of NaCT. The two classes of mutations will require fundamentally different treatment approaches to either restore transport function, or enable correction of protein folding defects. Summary Loss-of-function mutations in the SLC13A5 causes SLC13A5-Epilepsy, a devastating disease characterized by neonatal epilepsy. Currently no cure is available. We clarify the molecular-level defects to guide future developments for phenotype-specific treatment of disease-causing mutations.
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High Iron Exposure from the Fetal Stage to Adulthood in Mice Alters Lipid Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122451. [PMID: 35745181 PMCID: PMC9227341 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy and fetal growth. However, excess iron exposure may increase the risk of abnormal fetal development. We investigated the potential side effects of high iron levels in fetuses and through their adult life. C57BL/6J pregnant mice from 2 weeks of gestation and their offspring until 30 weeks were fed a control (CTRL, FeSO4 0 g/1 kg) or high iron (HFe, FeSO4 9.9 g/1 kg) diets. HFe group showed higher iron accumulation in the liver with increased hepcidin, reduced TfR1/2 mRNAs, and lowered ferritin heavy chain (FTH) proteins in both liver and adipose tissues despite iron loading. HFe decreased body weight, fat weight, adipocyte size, and triglyceride levels in the blood and fat, along with downregulation of lipogenesis genes, including PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP1c, FASN, and SCD1, and fatty acid uptake and oxidation genes, such as CD36 and PPARα. UCP2, adiponectin, and mRNA levels of antioxidant genes such as GPX4, HO-1, and NQO1 were increased in the HFe group, while total glutathione was reduced. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high iron from the fetal stage to adulthood may decrease fat accumulation by altering ferritin expression, adipocyte differentiation, and triglyceride metabolism, resulting in an alteration in normal growth.
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Chen C, Yang X, Liu S, Zhang M, Wang C, Xia X, Lou Y, Xu H. The effect of lipid metabolism regulator anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C57BL/6 mice via activating AMPK signaling and gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:6254-6270. [PMID: 34114580 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00907a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated lipid metabolism regulation by anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa (AAM) in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high fat diet (HFD) mice. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis identified the constituents of AAM, which decreased lipid content and inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells without cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, taking normal diet and orlistat mice as references, AAM supplementation improved blood lipid levels and adipocyte degeneration, promoted beneficial gut microbial growth, and maintained lipid metabolism in HFD mice. Furthermore, AAM activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, accompanied by the regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and their target genes in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrated that AAM exhibits anti-adipogenic activities that were partially mediated by the AMPK pathway and gut microbiota regulation. This study provides new insight into the regulation of lipid metabolism by AAM and suggests that AAM has potential therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, Jilin, China.
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Tan YQ, Li Q, Wang L, Chiu-Leung LC, Leung LK. The livestock growth-promoter zeranol facilitates GLUT4 translocation in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126772. [PMID: 32464760 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zeranol is an approved but controversial growth-promoting agent for livestock in North America. It is a mycotoxin metabolite secreted by the Fusarium family fungi. The regulatory bodies in this region have established the acceptable daily intake and exposure below the level would not significantly increase the health risk for humans. However, their European counterparts have yet to establish an acceptable level and do not permit the use of this agent in farm animals. Given the growth-promoting ability of zeranol, its effect on energy metabolism was investigated in the current study. Our results indicated that zeranol could induce glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression in 3T3 L1 cells at 10 μM and initiate the translocation of the glucose transporter to the membrane as assayed by confocal microscopy. The translocation was likely triggered by the increase of GLUT4 and p-Akt. The insulin signal transduction pathway of glucose translocation was analyzed by Western blot analysis. Since no increase in the phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate in zeranol-treated cells was evidenced, the increased p-Akt and GLUT4 amount should be the mechanism dictating the GLUT4 translocation. In summary, this study showed that zeranol could perturb glucose metabolism in differentiated 3T3 L1 adipocytes. Determining the growth-promoting mechanism is crucial to uncover an accepted alternative to the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lin Wang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Leo C Chiu-Leung
- Marine Science, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Lai K Leung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong; Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
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Gruber L, Jiménez-Franco LD, Decristoforo C, Uprimny C, Glatting G, Hohenberger P, Schoenberg SO, Reindl W, Orlandi F, Mariani M, Jaschke W, Virgolini I. MITIGATE-NeoBOMB1, a Phase I/IIa Study to Evaluate Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Preliminary Imaging of 68Ga-NeoBOMB1, a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist, in GIST Patients. J Nucl Med 2020; 61:1749-1755. [PMID: 32332143 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.238808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) are potential molecular imaging targets in a variety of tumors. Recently, a 68Ga-labeled antagonist to GRPRs, NeoBOMB1, was developed for PET. We report on the outcome of a phase I/IIa clinical trial (EudraCT 2016-002053-38) within the EU-FP7 project Closed-loop Molecular Environment for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ('MITIGATE') (grant agreement no. 602306) in patients with oligometastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods: The main objectives were evaluation of safety, biodistribution, dosimetry, and preliminary tumor targeting of 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 in patients with advanced tyrosine-kinase inhibitors-treated GIST using PET/CT. Six patients with histologically confirmed GIST and unresectable primary lesion or metastases undergoing an extended protocol for detailed pharmacokinetic analysis were included. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 was prepared using a kit procedure with a licensed 68Ge/68Ga generator. 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (3 MBq/kg of body weight) was injected intravenously, and safety parameters were assessed. PET/CT included dynamic imaging at 5, 11, and 19 min as well as static imaging at 1, 2, and 3-4 h after injection for dosimetry calculations. Venous blood samples and urine were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. Tumor targeting was assessed on a per-lesion and per-patient basis. Results: 68Ga-NeoBOMB1 (50 μg) was prepared with high radiochemical purity (yield > 97%). Patients received 174 ± 28 MBq of the radiotracer, which was well tolerated in all patients over a follow-up period of 4 wk. Dosimetry calculations revealed a mean effective dose of 0.029 ± 0.06 mSv/MBq, with the highest organ dose to the pancreas (0.274 ± 0.099 mSv/MBq). Mean plasma half-life was 27.3 min with primarily renal clearance (mean 25.7% ± 5.4% of injected dose 4 h after injection). Plasma metabolite analyses revealed high stability; metabolites were detected only in the urine. In 3 patients, a significant uptake with increasing maximum SUVs (SUVmax at 2 h after injection: 4.3-25.9) over time was found in tumor lesions. Conclusion: This phase I/IIa study provides safety data for 68Ga-NeoBOMB1, a promising radiopharmaceutical for targeting GRPR-expressing tumors. Safety profiles and pharmacokinetics are suitable for PET imaging, and absorbed dose estimates are comparable to those of other 68Ga-labeled radiopharmaceuticals used in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Gruber
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luis David Jiménez-Franco
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Uprimny
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan O Schoenberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Klinikum Mannheim II, Medizinische Klinik, Mannheim, Germany; and
| | - Francesca Orlandi
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis Company, Colleretto Giacosa TO, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mariani
- Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis Company, Colleretto Giacosa TO, Italy
| | - Werner Jaschke
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irene Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Choi Y, Guo L, Kang J, Park Y, Je B, Hwang D, Joo W. Fermentation of mulberry leaves with Cordyceps militaris enhanced anti-adipogenesis activity in 3T3-L1 cells through down-regulation of PPAR-γ pathway signaling. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.296724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Serum from Jiao-Tai-Wan treated rats increases glucose consumption by 3T3-L1 adipocytes through AMPK pathway signaling. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181286. [PMID: 30886061 PMCID: PMC6449522 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance. Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW), a traditional Chinese medicine consisting of a 10:1 formulation of Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) and Cortex Cinnamomi (cinnamon) was shown to have hypoglycemic efficacy in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Here we investigated whether glucose consumption by insulin-resistant adipocytes could be modulated by serum from JTW-treated rats, and if so, through what mechanism. JTW-medicated serum was prepared from rats following oral administration of JTW decoction twice a day for 4 days. Fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes – rendered insulin resistance by dexamethasone treatment – were cultured in medium containing JTW-medicated rat serum. JTW-medicated serum treatment increased glucose uptake, up-regulated levels of phosphorylated adenosine 5′-monophoshate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and stimulated expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). JTW-medicated serum induced significantly greater up-regulation of p-AMPK and GLUT4 than either RC or cinnamon-medicated serum. JTW-medicated serum induced effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes could be partially inhibited by treatment with the AMPK inhibitor compound C. In conclusion, JTW-medicated serum increased glucose consumption by IR adipocytes partially through the activation of the AMPK pathway, and JTW was more effective on glucose consumption than either RC or cinnamon alone.
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Lee BW, Ha TKQ, Pham HTT, Hoang QH, Tran VO, Oh WK. Hydroxyoleoside-type seco-iridoids from Symplocos cochinchinensis and their insulin mimetic activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2270. [PMID: 30783120 PMCID: PMC6381099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of an ongoing study of new insulin mimetic agents from medicinal plants, the 70% EtOH extract of Symplocos cochinchinensis was found to have a stimulatory effect on glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. The intensive targeted isolation of this active extract resulted in ten new hydroxyoleoside-type compounds conjugated with a phenolic acid and monoterpene (1–6 and 8–11), as well as four known compounds (7 and 12–14). The chemical structures of the new compounds were determined based on spectroscopic data analysis (1H and 13C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY and MS). The absolute configurations of the isolated compounds were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analysis of derivatives obtained after a series of reactions, such as those with dirhodium (ІІ) tetrakis (trifluoroacetate) and dimolybdenum (ІІ) tetraacetate. In vitro, compounds 3, 7 and 8 moderately increased the 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-D-glucose (2-NBDG) uptake level in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For further studies, we evaluated their effects on the expression of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4), its translocation, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibition and expression of phosphorylated Akt. Our results strongly suggest that the traditional uses of this plant can be described as active constituents by hydroxyoleoside-type compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba-Wool Lee
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Quy Ha
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Thanh Tung Pham
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Hoa Hoang
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van On Tran
- Department of Botany, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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Gallotannin derivatives from mango ( Mangifera indica L.) suppress adipogenesis and increase thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in part through the AMPK pathway. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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