1
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Kim N, You DK, Kim S, Kim D, Cho K, Lee KM. Influence of Intermolecular Structural Effects on Radiative Efficiency in Xanthene-Based Carboranyl Luminophores. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:15044-15052. [PMID: 39074868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Two o-carboranes with (i) 9,9-dimethyl-9H-xanthene and (ii) spiro[fluorene-9,9'-xanthene] moieties (XTC and sXTC, respectively) were prepared and characterized. Single X-ray crystallography analysis revealed the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds in XTC crystals. Although both compounds did not exhibit emission in tetrahydrofuran solutions at 298 K, intense bluish emission was observed in the solid states and frozen tetrahydrofuran solutions at 77 K. According to the results of theoretical calculations, this emission originated from an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition with the o-carborane moiety. The absolute quantum efficiency (Φem) of the ICT-based emission in the film state equaled 49% for XTC and 20% for sXTC but was as high as 90% for the crystals of both compounds. The crystal structures of XTC and sXTC revealed that the o-carboranyl-appended phenyl plane was orthogonal (85-89°) to the carbon-carbon bonding axis in the o-carborane, indicating the existence of a strong exo-π-interaction, which was identified as the structural basis for the ICT-based transition. These results implied that the intermolecular structural effect of XTC in the randomly aggregated solid state (film) helped maintain the above orthogonality and, hence, the high efficiency from the ICT radiative mechanism. Thus, we concluded that the ICT radiative efficiency of o-carboranyl luminophores in the aggregated solid state can be controlled by specific intermolecular interactions and that the molecular geometric design inducing this feature can be important for developing highly efficient carboranyl luminophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namkyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyun You
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghee Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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2
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Paul S, Chakraborty BB, Rao NVS, Choudhury S. New Calamitic Mesogens Exhibiting Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3587. [PMID: 39063879 PMCID: PMC11278991 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emitters or AIEgens are generally signified by their stronger photoluminescence in aggregation than in the solution state. Due to high emission efficiency in aggregate and solid states and good processability, organic AIEgens drew attention to the development of advanced luminescent materials. However, as mesogenic materials self-assemble to a different molecular arrangement in different phases, achieving liquid crystallinity and AIE properties in the same molecule would provide a valuable tool to develop solvent-independent AIEgenic materials. With this goal, the present work reports the synthesis of new organic thermotropic liquid crystalline compounds exhibiting aggregation-induced emission (AIE). The synthesized compounds exhibit strong green luminescence in a solid state which sharply quenches upon entering smectic mesophase by heating. This is in addition to the exhibition of dispersion medium (solvent)-dependent emission, thus providing a dual mode of AIE. The mesogenic property of the synthesized compounds was studied by XRD, POM, and DSC. The AIE was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and variable temperature fluorescence microscopy. A DFT study was carried out to gain an insight into the AIEgenic behavior of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
| | | | - Nandiraju V. S. Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
| | - Sudip Choudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India; (S.P.); (B.B.C.); (N.V.S.R.)
- Centre for Soft Matter, Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
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3
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Krebs J, Brändler L, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Braunschweig H, Finze M, Curchod BFE, Marder TB. Synthesis, Photophysical and Electronic Properties of a D-π-A Julolidine-Like Pyrenyl-o-Carborane. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401704. [PMID: 38758081 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
We synthesized 2-(1-1,2-dicarbadodecaboranyl(12))-6,6,12,12-tetramethyl-7,8,11,12-tetrahydro-6H,10H-phenaleno[1,9-fg]pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline (4), a julolidine-like pyrenyl-o-carborane, with pyrene substituted at the 2,7-positions on the HOMO/LUMO nodal plane. Using solid state molecular structures, photophysical data, cyclic voltammetry, DFT and LR-TDDFT calculations, we compare o-carborane and B(Mes)2 (Mes=2,4,6-Me3C6H2) as acceptor groups. Whereas the π-acceptor strength of B(Mes)2 is sufficient to drop the pyrene LUMO+1 below the LUMO, the carborane does not do this. We confirm the π-donor strength of the julolidine-like moiety, however, which raises the pyrene HOMO-1 above the HOMO. In contrast to the analogous pyrene-2-yl-o-carborane, 2-(1-1,2-dicarbadodecaboranyl(12))-pyrene VI, which exhibits dual fluorescence, because the rate of internal conversion between locally-excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) (from the pyrene to the carborane) states is faster than the radiative decay rate, leading to a thermodynamic equilibrium between the 2 states, 4 shows only single fluorescence, as the CT state involving the carborane as the acceptor moiety in not kinetically accessible, so a more localized CT emission involving the julolidine-like pyrene moiety is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Krebs
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Brändler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Lee JJ, Kang J, Kim C. A low-cost TICT-based staining agent for identification of microplastics: Theoretical studies and simple, cost-effective smartphone-based fluorescence microscope application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133168. [PMID: 38104521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel staining agent, (5-(4-(diethylamino)benzylidene)- 1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6(1 H,3 H,5 H)-trione) (DDB) was developed for the effective detection of environmentally harmful microplastics. DDB has competitive cost advantages, namely its facile synthesis and high yield, over Nile Red (NR), which is commonly used for microplastic staining. The unique photophysical properties of DDB, including emissive twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) and aggregation-induced emission (AIE), were corroborated via spectroscopic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Notably, DDB demonstrated superior selectivity for staining microplastics (polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) over non-plastic materials in water. Furthermore, modulation of the solvent environment during the staining process yielded distinct fluorescence in both the green and red channels for specific types of plastic with the interplay between locally excited (LE) and TICT states. Treatment with 5% ethanol results in the selective staining of PE and PET with the emission of red fluorescence, whereas treatment with 30% ethanol facilitates the selective staining of PU, PVC, and PET with the emission of green fluorescence. Additionally, DDB could selectively stain microplastics in spiked soil and river water samples. Furthermore, a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope was developed at a cost below $100, validating the effective detection of microplastics stained with the newly synthesized DDB. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the potential of DDB as an economical and efficient agent for selective microplastic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jun Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea.
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5
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You DK, Kim M, Kim D, Kim N, Lee KM. Improvement in Radiative Efficiency Via Intramolecular Charge Transfer in ortho-Carboranyl Luminophores Modified with Functionalized Biphenyls. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37311712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we found that the electronic effects of the functional groups on aromatic units attached to o-carboranyl species can enhance the efficiency of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based radiative decay processes. Six o-carboranyl-based luminophores having attached functionalized biphenyl groups with CF3, F, H, CH3, C(CH3)3, and OCH3 substituents were prepared and fully characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In addition, their molecular structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry, which revealed that the distortion of the biphenyl rings and the geometries around the o-carborane cages were similar. All compounds exhibited ICT-based emissions in the rigid state (solution at 77 K and film). Intriguingly, the quantum efficiencies (Φem) of five compounds (that of the group with CF3 could not be measured because of its extremely weak emissions) in the film state increased gradually as the electron-donating power of the terminal functional group modifying the biphenyl moiety increased. Furthermore, the nonradiative decay constants (knr) for the group with OCH3 were estimated to be one-tenth of those for the group with F, whereas the radiative decay constants (kr) for the five compounds were similar. The dipole moments (μ) calculated for the optimized first excited state (S1) structures gradually increased, from that of the group with CF3 to that of the group with OCH3, implying that the inhomogeneity of the molecular charge distribution was enhanced by electron donation. The electron-rich environment formed as a result of electron donation led to efficient charge transfer to the excited state. Both experimental and theoretical findings revealed that the electronic environment of the aromatic moiety in o-carboranyl luminophores can be controlled to accelerate or interrupt the ICT process in the radiative decay of excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyun You
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingi Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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6
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Relationship between the Molecular Geometry and the Radiative Efficiency in Naphthyl-Based Bis-Ortho-Carboranyl Luminophores. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196565. [PMID: 36235102 PMCID: PMC9572229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-based emission on π-aromatic-group-appended closo-ortho-carboranyl luminophores is known to be affected by structural fluctuations and molecular geometry, but investigation of this relationship has been in progress to date. In this study, four naphthyl-based bis-o-carboranyl compounds, in which hydrogen (15CH and 26CH) or trimethysilyl groups (15CS and 26CS) were appended at the o-carborane cage, were synthesized and fully characterized. All the compounds barely displayed an emissive trace in solution at 298 K; however, 15CH and 26CH distinctly exhibited a dual emissive pattern in rigid states (in solution at 77 K and in films), attributed to locally excited (LE) and ICT-based emission, while 15CS and 26CS showed strong ICT-based greenish emission. Intriguingly, the molecular structures of the four compounds, analyzed by single X-ray crystallography, showed that the C-C bond axis of the o-carborane cage in the trimethysilyl group-appended compounds 15CS and 26CS were more orthogonal to the plane of the appended naphthyl group than those in 15CH and 26CH. These features indicate that 15CS and 26CS present an efficient ICT transition based on strong exo-π-interaction, resulting in a higher quantum efficiency (Φem) for ICT-based radiative decay than those of 15CH and 26CH. Moreover, the 26CS structure revealed most orthogonal geometry, resulting in the highest Φem and lowest knr values for the ICT-based emission. Consequently, all the findings verified that efficient ICT-based radiative decay of aromatic group-appended o-carboranyl luminophores could be achieved by the formation of a specific geometry between the o-carborane cage and the aromatic plane.
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7
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Ji L, Riese S, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Fest M, Nitsch J, Curchod BFE, Friedrich A, Wu L, Al Mamari HH, Hammer S, Pflaum J, Fox MA, Tozer DJ, Finze M, Lambert C, Marder TB. Thermodynamic equilibrium between locally excited and charge-transfer states through thermally activated charge transfer in 1-(pyren-2'-yl)- o-carborane. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5205-5219. [PMID: 35655553 PMCID: PMC9093154 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible conversion between excited-states plays an important role in many photophysical phenomena. Using 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane as a model, we studied the photoinduced reversible charge-transfer (CT) process and the thermodynamic equilibrium between the locally-excited (LE) state and CT state, by combining steady state, time-resolved, and temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy, fs- and ns-transient absorption, and DFT and LR-TDDFT calculations. Our results show that the energy gaps and energy barriers between the LE, CT, and a non-emissive 'mixed' state of 1-(pyren-2'-yl)-o-carborane are very small, and all three excited states are accessible at room temperature. The internal-conversion and reverse internal-conversion between LE and CT states are significantly faster than the radiative decay, and the two states have the same lifetimes and are in thermodynamic equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China .,Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Riese
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Maximillian Fest
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Basile F E Curchod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Lin Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University 127 West Youyi Road Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Hamad H Al Mamari
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University PO Box 36, Al Khoudh 123 Muscat Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mark A Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - David J Tozer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Maik Finze
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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8
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Yu Y, Lan W, Wang X, Gao M, Yang R, Wang D, Sun S, Wu Y, Ma Y, Siraj I, Liu L, Wang DZ, Zhao J, Cai X, Tan H, Liang Z. Photophysical Properties of Naphthalene-oxacalix[ m]arene and Recognition of Fullerene C 60. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15411-15422. [PMID: 35571818 PMCID: PMC9096940 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Three different pore sizes of oxacalix[m]arene[n]pyrimidines modified with a naphthalene substituent were synthesized and characterized by HRMS, 1H NMR, and single-crystal analysis (8OA and 8OA-N). Steady-state spectroscopy indicates these naphthalene-oxacalix[m]arenes exhibit good fluorescence properties, which isattributed to the locally excited (LE) state emission, and electrochemical results show that the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process occurs from the naphthalene substituent to the linked pyrimidine. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra, singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ4OA-N = 45.1%, ΦΔ6OA-N = 56.6%, and ΦΔ8OA-N = 65.7%) and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the torsion angle between the donor (naphthalene) and the acceptor (pyrimidine) promotes intersystem crossing (ISC), and the lifetime of the triplet state reaches ca. 8 ms. Interestingly, all three host molecules (4OA-N, 6OA-N, and 8OA-N) showed a high affinity for fullerene C60, and significant binding constants in the range of 4.10-6.68 × 104 M-1 were obtained by fluorescence titration; in contrast, previous reports indicated that the similar oxacalix[m]arene[n]pyrimidine scaffold could not efficiently complex with C60. In the frontier molecular orbital theory calculations of the supramolecular system of 4OA-N@C 60 , the HOMO is distributed on 4OA-N and the LUMO is localized on fullerene. The calculation results further demonstrated that there are strong interactions between the host and the fullerene guest, which is consistent with the result of the experiments. The characteristic photophysical properties of these novel naphthyl-decorated oxacalix[m]arene[n]pyrimidines broaden their application field, and the stable host-guest system with fullerene can be applied to supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Dou Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Shijun Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yanfang Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Islam Siraj
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Lang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Duo-zhi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy
Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang
University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian , Liaoning 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Cai
- Department
of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China
| | - Hui Tan
- Pneumology
Department, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China
| | - Zhenjiang Liang
- Pneumology
Department, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518026, China
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9
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Chen S, Xu J, Li Y, Peng B, Luo L, Feng H, Chen Z, Wang Z. Research Progress of Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ) to Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) Transformation Based on Organic Small Molecules. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Experimental proof for emission annihilation through bond elongation at the carbon-carbon bond in o-carborane with fused biphenyl-substituted compounds. Dalton Trans 2020; 50:1025-1033. [PMID: 33367426 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03618h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of their unique luminescence properties, such as aggregation-induced emission (AIE), intense solid-state luminescence and stimuli-responsive luminochromism, aryl-substituted o-carboranes have attracted attention as a platform for developing functional optoelectronic materials. However, there still remains one fundamental issue with the detailed mechanism of solution quenching in AIE behaviors. Aryl-modified o-carboranes with AIE properties exhibit intense emission not in solution but in the solid state. According to quantum calculations and many experimental results, the elongation at the carbon-carbon bond in o-carborane in the excited state, followed by nonradiative decay, has been proposed as a main path for emission annihilation in solution. However, intramolecular rotation would simultaneously occur, and there is a possibility that emission annihilation could be induced by the combination of both bond elongation and rotation. In this study, we designed two types of biphenyl-substituted o-carboranes having fused structures at the neighbor carbon and boron atoms for fixing molecular conformation. In these molecules, bond elongation is allowed, while rotation would be prohibited. From the series of optical measurements and theoretical investigations, we proved that emission annihilation can occur through bond elongation in the absence of rotation. Moreover, we show that bond elongation could be suppressed by introducing a bulky substituent at the adjacent carbon, and emission color tuning was achieved. This is the first example, to the best of our knowledge, to prove that excitation decay can proceed only through bond elongation without electronic perturbation caused by rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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11
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Deboronation-Induced Ratiometric Emission Variations of Terphenyl-Based Closo- o-Carboranyl Compounds: Applications to Fluoride-Sensing. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102413. [PMID: 32455846 PMCID: PMC7287808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Closo-o-carboranyl compounds bearing the ortho-type perfectly distorted or planar terphenyl rings (closo-DT and closo-PT, respectively) and their nido-derivatives (nido-DT and nido-PT, respectively) were synthesized and fully characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Although the emission spectra of both closo-compounds exhibited intriguing emission patterns in solution at 298 and 77 K, in the film state, closo-DT mainly exhibited a π-π* local excitation (LE)-based emission in the high-energy region, whereas closo-PT produced an intense emission in the low-energy region corresponding to an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition. In particular, the positive solvatochromic effect of closo-PT and theoretical calculation results at the first excited (S1) optimized structure of both closo-compounds strongly suggest that these dual-emissive bands at the high- and low-energy can be assigned to each π-π* LE and ICT transition. Interestingly, both the nido-compounds, nido-DT and nido-PT, exhibited the only LE-based emission in solution at 298 K due to the anionic character of the nido-o-carborane cages, which cannot cause the ICT transitions. The specific emissive features of nido-compounds indicate that the emissive color of closo-PT in solution at 298 K is completely different from that of nido-PT. As a result, the deboronation of closo-PT upon exposure to increasing concentrations of fluoride anion exhibits a dramatic ratiometric color change from orange to deep blue via turn-off of the ICT-based emission. Consequently, the color change response of the luminescence by the alternation of the intrinsic electronic transitions via deboronation as well as the structural feature of terphenyl rings indicates the potential of the developed closo-o-carboranyl compounds that exhibit the intense ICT-based emission, as naked-eye-detectable chemodosimeters for fluoride ion sensing.
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12
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Hsu MH, Hsieh CY, Kapoor M, Chang JH, Chu HL, Cheng TM, Hsu KC, Lin TE, Tsai FY, Horng JC. Leucettamine B analogs and their carborane derivative as potential anti-cancer agents: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 98:103729. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Recent Progress in the Development of Solid‐State Luminescent
o
‐Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Recent Progress in the Development of Solid-State Luminescent o-Carboranes with Stimuli Responsivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9841-9855. [PMID: 32009291 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
o-Carborane, a cluster compound containing boron and adjacent carbon atoms, displays intriguing luminescent properties. Recently, compounds containing o-carborane units were found to show suppressed aggregation-induced quenching and intense solid-state emission; they also show potential for the development of stimuli-responsive luminochromic materials. In this Minireview, we introduce three kinds of fundamental photochemical properties: aggregation-induced emission, twisted intramolecular charge transfer in crystals, and environment-sensitive excimer formation in solids. Based on these properties, several types of luminochromism, such as thermos-, vapo-, and mechanochromism, have been discovered. Based mainly on results from recent studies, we illustrate these mechanisms as well as unique luminescent behaviors of o-carborane derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
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15
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Cai L, Sun X, He W, Hu R, Liu B, Shen J. A solvatochromic AIE tetrahydro[5]helicene derivative as fluorescent probes for water in organic solvents and highly sensitive sensors for glyceryl monostearate. Talanta 2020; 206:120214. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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16
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Photophysical Properties of Spirobifluorene-Based o-Carboranyl Compounds Altered by Structurally Rotating the Carborane Cages. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224135. [PMID: 31731632 PMCID: PMC6891568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
9,9′-Spirobifluorene-based o-carboranyl compounds C1 and C2 were prepared and fully characterized by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid-state structure of C1 was also determined by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The two carboranyl compounds display major absorption bands that are assigned to π−π* transitions involving their spirobifluorene groups, as well as weak intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) transitions between the o-carboranes and their spirobifluorene groups. While C1 only exhibited high-energy emissions (λem = ca. 350 nm) in THF at 298 K due to locally excited (LE) states assignable to π−π* transitions involving the spirobifluorene group alone, a remarkable emission in the low-energy region was observed in the rigid state, such as in THF at 77 K or the film state. Furthermore, C2 displays intense dual emissive patterns in both high- and low-energy regions in all states. Electronic transitions that were calculated by time-dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) for each compound based on ground (S0) and first-excited (S1) state optimized structures clearly verify that the low-energy emissions are due to ICT-based radiative decays. Calculated energy barriers that are based on the relative energies associated with changes in the dihedral angle around the o-carborane cages in C1 and C2 clearly reveal that the o-carborane cage in C1 rotates more freely than that in C2. All of the molecular features indicate that ICT-based radiative decay is only available to the rigid state in the absence of structural fluctuations, in particular the free-rotation of the o-carborane cage.
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17
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Jiao J, Kang JX, Ma Y, Zhao Q, Li H, Zhang J, Chen X. Aggregation-Induced Fluorescence of Carbazole and o-Carborane Based Organic Fluorophore. Front Chem 2019; 7:768. [PMID: 31803716 PMCID: PMC6873483 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbazole based fluorophores 9-butyl-3,6-bis-(phenylethynyl)-9H-carbazole (1) and 9-butyl-3,6-bis-(2-phenyl-o-carborane)-9H-carbazole (2) were synthesized via Sonogashira type cross-coupling reaction and followed by insertion with decaborane. Compound 1 exhibited far more intense fluorescence than 2 in THF solution, while in solid state 2 exerted stronger fluorescence than 1. The fluorescence quenching behavior of 2 in THF solution could be attributed to the intramolecular charge transfer of donor-acceptor system in 2, which was confirmed by electrochemical experiments and DFT calculations. The fluorescence enhancement of 2 in solid state can be ascribed to aggregational induced packing which was evidenced by crystallographic study. In addition, compound 2 showed typical aggregation induced emission (AIE) behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemin Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia-Xin Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanna Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianyi Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Energy Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Martin KL, Smith JN, Young ER, Carter KR. Synthetic Emission Tuning of Carborane-Containing Poly(dihexylfluorene)s. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Martin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jessica N. Smith
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Carter
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts—Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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19
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Nishino K, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Tuning of Sensitivity in Thermochromic Luminescence by Regulating Molecular Rotation Based on Triphenylamine‐Substituted
o
‐Carboranes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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20
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Londesborough MGS, Dolanský J, Bould J, Braborec J, Kirakci K, Lang K, Císařová I, Kubát P, Roca-Sanjuán D, Francés-Monerris A, Slušná L, Noskovičová E, Lorenc D. Effect of Iodination on the Photophysics of the Laser Borane anti-B18H22: Generation of Efficient Photosensitizers of Oxygen. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:10248-10259. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiří Dolanský
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jonathan Bould
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Braborec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Kaplan Kirakci
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Lang
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071, València, Spain
| | | | - Lenka Slušná
- Department of Physical, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Noskovičová
- Department of Physical, Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Mlynská dolina, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dušan Lorenc
- International Laser Centre, Ilkovicova 3, 84104, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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21
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Nishino K, Yamamoto H, Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Time‐Dependent Emission Enhancement of the Ethynylpyrene‐
o
‐Carborane Dyad and Its Application as a Luminescent Color Sensor for Evaluating Water Contents in Organic Solvents. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1577-1581. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Hideki Yamamoto
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615–8510 Japan
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22
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Ochi J, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Improvement of Solid-State Excimer Emission of the Aryl-Ethynyl-o
-Carborane Skeleton by Acridine Introduction. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junki Ochi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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23
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Gon M, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Concept of Excitation-Driven Boron Complexes and Their Applications for Functional Luminescent Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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24
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Effect of Planarity of Aromatic Rings Appended to o-Carborane on Photophysical Properties: A Series of o-Carboranyl Compounds Based on 2-Phenylpyridine- and 2-(Benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridine. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010201. [PMID: 30621119 PMCID: PMC6337515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we investigated the effect of ring planarity by fully characterizing four pyridine-based o-carboranyl compounds. o-Carborane was introduced to the C4 position of the pyridine rings of 2-phenylpyridine and 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridine (CB1 and CB2, respectively), and the compounds were subsequently borylated to obtain the corresponding C∧N-chelated compounds CB1B and CB2B. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the molecular structures of CB2 and CB2B confirmed that o-carborane is appended to the aryl moiety. In photoluminescence experiments, CB2, but not CB1, showed an intense emission, assignable to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) transition between the aryl and o-carborane moieties, in both solution and film states. On the other hand, in both solution and film states, CB1B and CB2B demonstrated a strong emission, originating from π-π * transition in the aryl groups, that tailed off to 650 nm owing to the ICT transition. All intramolecular electronic transitions in these o-carboranyl compounds were verified by theoretical calculations. These results distinctly suggest that the planarity of the aryl groups have a decisive effect on the efficiency of the radiative decay due to the ICT transition.
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25
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Chaari M, Kelemen Z, Choquesillo-Lazarte D, Gaztelumendi N, Teixidor F, Viñas C, Nogués C, Núñez R. Efficient blue light emitting materials based on m-carborane–anthracene dyads. Structure, photophysics and bioimaging studies. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:5324-5337. [DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00903e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Linking m-carborane to the anthracene dye produces an exceptional enhancement of the fluorescence properties, with quantum efficiencies close to 100% in solution. Dyads were internalized by HeLa cells through endocytosis showing intense blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Chaari
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | | | - Nerea Gaztelumendi
- Departament de Biologia Cellular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Francesc Teixidor
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Carme Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cellular
- Fisiologia i Immunologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Bellaterra
- Spain
| | - Rosario Núñez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC)
- Bellaterra
- Spain
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26
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Jin H, Bae HJ, Kim S, Lee JH, Hwang H, Park MH, Lee KM. 2-Phenylpyridine- and 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridine-based o-carboranyl compounds: impact of the structural formation of aromatic rings on photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1467-1476. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylpyridine and 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)pyridine-based o-carboranyl compounds showed intriguing emission that depended on the structural formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyomin Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Gangwon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Bae
- Department of Chemistry
- KAIST
- Daejeon 34142
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Gangwon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Gangwon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonseok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Gangwon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hwan Park
- Department of Chemistry Education
- Chungbuk National University
- Chungbuk 28644
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Mun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Kangwon National University
- Gangwon 24341
- Republic of Korea
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27
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Nishino K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Design of Thermochromic Luminescent Dyes Based on the Bis(
ortho
‐carborane)‐Substituted Benzobithiophene Structure. Chem Asian J 2018; 14:789-795. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Nishino
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- Present address: Department of Applied Chemistry for EnvironmentSchool of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University Katsura Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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28
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Marsh AV, Cheetham NJ, Little M, Dyson M, White AJP, Beavis P, Warriner CN, Swain AC, Stavrinou PN, Heeney M. Carborane‐Induced Excimer Emission of Severely Twisted Bis‐
o
‐Carboranyl Chrysene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam V. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastics ElectronicsImperial College London UK
| | - Mark Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul N. Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX1 3PJ UK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
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29
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Marsh AV, Cheetham NJ, Little M, Dyson M, White AJP, Beavis P, Warriner CN, Swain AC, Stavrinou PN, Heeney M. Carborane-Induced Excimer Emission of Severely Twisted Bis-o-Carboranyl Chrysene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10640-10645. [PMID: 29952051 PMCID: PMC6099267 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a highly twisted chrysene derivative incorporating two electron deficient o-carboranyl groups is reported. The molecule exhibits a complex, excitation-dependent photoluminescence, including aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with good quantum efficiency and an exceptionally long singlet excited state lifetime. Through a combination of detailed optical studies and theoretical calculations, the excited state species are identified, including an unusual excimer induced by the presence of o-carborane. This is the first time that o-carborane has been shown to induce excimer formation ab initio, as well as the first observation of excimer emission by a chrysene-based small molecule in solution. Bis-o-carboranyl chrysene is thus an initial member of a new family of o-carboranyl phenacenes exhibiting a novel architecture for highly-efficient multi-luminescent fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam V. Marsh
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Nathan J. Cheetham
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastics ElectronicsImperial College LondonUK
| | - Mark Little
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Matthew Dyson
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul N. Stavrinou
- Department of Engineering ScienceUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3PJUK
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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Ohshita J, Hayashi Y, Adachi Y, Enoki T, Yamaji K, Ooyama Y. Optical and Photosensitizing Properties of Spiro(dipyridinogermole)(dithienogermole)s with Eletron‐Donating Amino and Electron‐Withdrawing Pyridinothiadiazole Substituents. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joji Ohshita
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
| | - Yohei Adachi
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
| | - Toshiaki Enoki
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
| | - Kosuke Yamaji
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
| | - Yousuke Ooyama
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringHiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739–8527 Japan
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Nishino K, Hashimoto K, Tanaka K, Morisaki Y, Chujo Y. Comparison of luminescent properties of helicene-like bibenzothiophenes with o-carborane and 5,6-dicarba-nido-decaborane. Sci China Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-018-9258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Synthesis, aggregation-induced emission and mechanochromism of a new carborane-tetraphenylethylene hybrid. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Naito H, Uemura K, Morisaki Y, Tanaka K, Chujo Y. Enhancement of Luminescence Efficiencies by Thermal Rearrangement fromortho- tometa-Carborane in Bis-Carborane-Substituted Acenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Naito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kyoya Uemura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Morisaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
| | - Yoshiki Chujo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Katsura 615-8510 Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto Japan
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