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Padrtová T, Marvanová P, Kubínová R, Csöllei J, Farsa O, Goněc T, Odehnalová K, Opatřilová R, Pazourek J, Sychrová A, Šmejkal K, Mokrý P. Indol-2-Carboxylic Acid Esters Containing N-Phenylpiperazine Moiety - Preparation and Cholinesterase-inhibiting Activity. Curr Org Synth 2021; 17:576-587. [PMID: 32560608 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200619132218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indole derivatives and the N-phenylpiperazine fragment represent interesting molecular moieties suitable for the research of new potentially biologically active compounds. This study was undertaken to identify if indol-2-carboxylic acid esters containing N-phenylpiperazine moiety possess acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study dealt with the synthesis of a novel series of analogs of 1H-indole-2- carboxylic acid and 3-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid. The structure of the derivatives was represented by the indolylcarbonyloxyaminopropanol skeleton with the attached N-phenylpiperazine or diethylamine moiety, which formed a basic part of the molecule. The final products were synthesized as dihydrochloride salts, fumaric acid salts, and quaternary ammonium salts. The first step of the synthetic pathway led to the preparation of esters of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid from the commercially available 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid. The Fischer indole synthesis was used to synthesize derivatives of 3-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Final 18 indolylcarbonyloxyaminopropanols in the form of dihydrochlorides, fumarates, and quaternary ammonium salts were prepared using various optimization ways. The very efficient way for the formation of 3-methyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (Fischer indole cyclization product) was the one-pot synthesis of phenylhydrazine with methyl 2-oxobutanoate with acetic acid and sulphuric acid as catalysts. CONCLUSION Most of the derivatives comprised of an attached N-phenylpiperazine group, which formed a basic part of the molecule and in which the phenyl ring was substituted in position C-2 or C-4. The synthesized compounds were subjected to cholinesterase-inhibiting activity evaluation, by modified Ellman method. Quaternary ammonium salt of 1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid which contain N-phenylpiperazine fragment with nitro group in position C-4 (7c) demonstrated the most potent activity against acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Padrtová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Marvanová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renáta Kubínová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Csöllei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Oldřich Farsa
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Goněc
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Odehnalová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Opatřilová
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pazourek
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Sychrová
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Šmejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Mokrý
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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den Uijl MJ, Schoenmakers PJ, Pirok BWJ, van Bommel MR. Recent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 44:88-114. [PMID: 33058527 PMCID: PMC7821232 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent applications of retention modelling in liquid chromatography (2015–2020) are comprehensively reviewed. The fundamentals of the field, which date back much longer, are summarized. Retention modeling is used in retention‐mechanism studies, for determining physical parameters, such as lipophilicity, and for various more‐practical purposes, including method development and optimization, method transfer, and stationary‐phase characterization and comparison. The review focusses on the effects of mobile‐phase composition on retention, but other variables and novel models to describe their effects are also considered. The five most‐common models are addressed in detail, i.e. the log‐linear (linear‐solvent‐strength) model, the quadratic model, the log–log (adsorption) model, the mixed‐mode model, and the Neue–Kuss model. Isocratic and gradient‐elution methods are considered for determining model parameters and the evaluation and validation of fitted models is discussed. Strategies in which retention models are applied for developing and optimizing one‐ and two‐dimensional liquid chromatographic separations are discussed. The review culminates in some overall conclusions and several concrete recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi J den Uijl
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bob W J Pirok
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten R van Bommel
- Analytical Chemistry Group, van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,University of Amsterdam, Faculty of Humanities, Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Girase PS, Dhawan S, Kumar V, Shinde SR, Palkar MB, Karpoormath R. An appraisal of anti-mycobacterial activity with structure-activity relationship of piperazine and its analogues: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112967. [PMID: 33190957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine, is privileged six membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring also known as 1,4-Diazacyclohexane. Consequently, piperazine is a versatile medicinally important scaffold and is an essential core in numerous marketed drugs with diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years several potent molecules containing piperazine as an essential subunit of the structural frame have been reported, especially against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Remarkably, a good number of these reported molecules also displayed potential activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of MTB. In this review, we have made a concerted effort to retrace anti-mycobacterial compounds for the past five decades (1971-2019) specifically where piperazine has been used as a vital building block. This review will benefit medicinal chemists as it elaborates on the design, rationale and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the reported potent piperazine based anti-TB molecules, which in turn will assist them in addressing the gaps, exploiting the reported strategies and developing safer, selective, and cost-effective anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj S Girase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Suraj R Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy (Constituent Unit of KAHER), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Pospisilova S, Malik I, Curillova J, Michnova H, Cerna L, Padrtova T, Hosek J, Pecher D, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Insight into antimicrobial activity of substituted phenylcarbamoyloxypiperazinylpropanols. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104060. [PMID: 32663668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
3-[4-(Substituted)phenyl-/4-(diphenylmethyl)phenylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropyl-1-[(substituted)phenyl]carbamates and their salts with hydrochloric acid were synthesized, characterized, and tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 as reference and quality control strains, against three methicillin-resistant isolates of S. aureus, and three isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. All the compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra/ATCC 25177, M. kansasii DSM 44162, and M. smegmatis ATCC 700084. All of the tested compounds demonstrated very good activity against all the tested strains/isolates comparable with or better than that of clinically used drugs (ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, isoniazid). 1-[{(3-Trifluoromethyl)phenyl}carbamoyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride demonstrated the highest potency against all the tested strains/isolates (MICs ranged from 3.78 to 30.2 µM), and 1-[{(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl}carbamoyloxy-2-hydroxypropyl]-4-(diphenylmethyl)piperazin-1-ium chloride was the most effective against all the screened mycobacterial strains (MICs ranged from 3.64 to 14.5 µM). All the investigated derivatives had strong antibiofilm activity against S. aureus ATCC 29123 and a synergistic or additive effect with gentamicin against isolates of E. faecalis with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to gentamicin. The screening of the cytotoxicity of the compounds was performed using human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells. The IC50 values of the most effective compounds ranged from ca. 2.8 to 7.3 µM; thus, it can be stated that the antimicrobial effect is closely connected with their cytotoxicity. These observations disqualify these compounds from further development as antimicrobial agents, but they can be considered potential multi-target drugs with a preferred anticancer effect with good water solubility and additional anti-infectious activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Pospisilova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Jana Curillova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Michnova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cerna
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Padrtova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hosek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Arylaminopropanone Derivatives as Potential Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Docking Study and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071751. [PMID: 32290227 PMCID: PMC7180927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases in which the decrease of the acetylcholine is observed are growing worldwide. In the present study, a series of new arylaminopropanone derivatives with N-phenylcarbamate moiety (1–16) were prepared as potential acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. In vitro enzyme assays were performed; the results are expressed as a percentage of inhibition and the IC50 values. The inhibitory activities were compared with reference drugs galantamine and rivastigmine showing piperidine derivatives (1–3) as the most potent. A possible mechanism of action for these compounds was determined from a molecular modelling study by using combined techniques of docking, molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanics calculations.
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Pospisilova S, Marvanova P, Treml J, Moricz AM, Ott PG, Mokry P, Odehnalova K, Sedo O, Cizek A, Jampilek J. Activity of N-Phenylpiperazine Derivatives Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 20:1119-1129. [PMID: 31518219 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190913114041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the bacterial resistance to antibacterial chemotherapeutics is one of the greatest problems in modern medicine, efforts are made to develop new antimicrobial drugs. Compounds with a piperazine ring have proved to be promising agents against various pathogens. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to prepare a series of new N-phenylpiperazines and determine their activity against various pathogens. METHOD Target compounds were prepared by multi-step synthesis starting from an appropriate substituted acid to an oxirane intermediate reacting with 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine. Lipophilicity and pKa values were experimentally determined. Other molecular parameters were calculated. The inhibitory activity of the target compounds against Staphylococcus aureus, four mycobacteria strains, Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum was tested. In vitro antiproliferative activity was determined on a THP-1 cell line, and toxicity against plant was determined using Nicotiana tabacum. RESULTS In general, most compounds demonstrated only moderate effects. 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-{[4-(propan- 2-yloxy)benzoyl]oxy}propyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride and 1-{3-[(4-butoxybenzoyl)- oxy]-2-hydroxypropyl}-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride showed the highest inhibition activity against M. kansasii (MIC = 15.4 and 15.0 µM, respectively) and the latter also against M. marinum (MIC = 15.0 µM). 1-(2-Hydroxy-3-{[4-(2-propoxyethoxy)benzoyl]oxy}propyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazinediium dichloride had the highest activity against F. avenaceum (MIC = 14.2 µM). All the compounds showed only insignificant toxic effects on human and plant cells. CONCLUSION Ten new 1-(4-nitrophenyl)piperazine derivatives were prepared and analyzed, and their antistaphylococcal, antimycobacterial, and antifungal activities were determined. The activity against M. kansasii was positively influenced by higher lipophilicity, the electron-donor properties of substituent R and a lower dissociation constant. The exact mechanism of action will be investigated in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Pospisilova
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Marvanova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Treml
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnes M Moricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petr Mokry
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Odehnalova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Sedo
- Research Group of Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Malík I, Csöllei J, Solovič I, Pospíšilová Š, Michnová H, Jampílek J, Čížek A, Kapustíková I, Čurillová J, Pecháčová M, Stolaříková J, Pecher D, Oravec M. Dibasic Derivatives of Phenylcarbamic Acid against Mycobacterial Strains: Old Drugs and New Tricks? Molecules 2018; 23:E2493. [PMID: 30274224 PMCID: PMC6222509 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to provide a more detailed view on the structure⁻antimycobacterial activity relationship (SAR) of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives containing two centers of protonation, 1-[2-[({[2-/3-(alkoxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)oxy]-3-(dipropylammonio)propyl]pyrrolidinium oxalates (1a⁻d)/dichlorides (1e⁻h) as well as 1-[2-[({[2-/3-(alkoxy)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)oxy]-3-(di-propylammonio)propyl]azepanium oxalates (1i⁻l)/dichlorides (1m⁻p; alkoxy = butoxy to heptyloxy) were physicochemically characterized by estimation of their surface tension (γ; Traube's stalagmometric method), electronic features (log ε; UV/Vis spectrophotometry) and lipophilic properties (log kw; isocratic RP-HPLC) as well. The experimental log kw dataset was studied together with computational logarithms of partition coefficients (log P) generated by various methods based mainly on atomic or combined atomic and fragmental principles. Similarities and differences between the experimental and in silico lipophilicity descriptors were analyzed by unscaled principal component analysis (PCA). The in vitro activity of compounds 1a⁻p was inspected against Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNCTC My 331/88 (identical with H37Rv and ATCC 2794, respectively), M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii CNCTC My 235/80 (identical with ATCC 12478), the M. kansasii 6509/96 clinical isolate, M. kansasii DSM 44162, M. avium CNCTC My 330/80 (identical with ATCC 25291), M. smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644, respectively. In vitro susceptibility of the mycobacteria to reference drugs isoniazid, ethambutol, ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin was tested as well. A very unique aspect of the research was that many compounds from the set 1a⁻p were highly efficient almost against all tested mycobacteria. The most promising derivatives showed MIC values varied from 1.9 μM to 8 μM, which were lower compared to those of used standards, especially if concerning ability to fight M. tuberculosis H37Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii DSM 44162 or M. avium CNCTC My 330/80. Current in vitro biological assays and systematic SAR studies based on PCA approach as well as fitting procedures, which were supported by relevant statistical descriptors, proved that the compounds 1a⁻p represented a very promising molecular framework for development of 'non-traditional' but effective antimycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Malík
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jozef Csöllei
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Brno, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Solovič
- Clinic for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, National Institute for Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vyšné Hágy, SK-059 84 Vysoké Tatry, Slovakia.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Catholic University in Ružomberok, Hrabovská cesta 1A, SK-034 01 Ružomberok, Slovakia.
| | - Šárka Pospíšilová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Hana Michnová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alois Čížek
- Clinic for Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého 1946/1, CZ-612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Kapustíková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Čurillová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Pecháčová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Laboratory for Mycobacterial Diagnostics and Tuberculosis, Regional Institute of Public Health, Partyzánské náměstí 7, CZ-702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Pecher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Institute CAS, Belidla 986/4a, CZ-603 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Investigation of Hydro-Lipophilic Properties of N-Alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides †. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071635. [PMID: 29973562 PMCID: PMC6099728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the lipophilic characteristics of biologically active agents is indispensable for the rational design of ADMET-tailored structure⁻activity models. N-Alkoxy-3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, N-alkoxy-1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides, and N-alkoxy-2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-carboxanilides were recently reported as a series of compounds with antimycobacterial, antibacterial, and herbicidal activity. As it was found that the lipophilicity of these biologically active agents determines their activity, the hydro-lipophilic properties of all three series were investigated in this study. All 57 anilides were analyzed using the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for the measurement of lipophilicity. The procedure was performed under isocratic conditions with methanol as an organic modifier in the mobile phase using an end-capped non-polar C18 stationary reversed-phase column. In the present study, a range of software lipophilicity predictors for the estimation of clogP values of a set of N-alkoxyphenylhydroxynaphthalenecarboxamides was employed and subsequently cross-compared with experimental parameters. Thus, the empirical values of lipophilicity (logk) and the distributive parameters (π) were compared with the corresponding in silico characteristics that were calculated using alternative methods for deducing the lipophilic features. To scrutinize (dis)similarities between the derivatives, a PCA procedure was applied to visualize the major differences in the performance of molecules with respect to their lipophilic profile, molecular weight, and violations of Lipinski’s Rule of Five.
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