1
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Czysch C, Dinh T, Fröder Y, Bixenmann L, Komforth P, Balint A, Räder HJ, Naumann S, Nuhn L. Nontoxic N-Heterocyclic Olefin Catalyst Systems for Well-Defined Polymerization of Biocompatible Aliphatic Polycarbonates. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:371-379. [PMID: 36855582 PMCID: PMC9955374 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) are utilized as catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of functional aliphatic carbonates. This emerging class of catalysts provides high reactivity and rapid conversion. Aiming for the polymerization of monomers with high side chain functionality, six-membered carbonates derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) served as model compounds. Tuning the reactivity of NHO from predominant side chain transesterification at room temperature toward ring-opening at lowered temperatures (-40 °C) enables controlled ROP. These refined conditions give narrowly distributed polymers of the hydrophobic carbonate 5-methyl-5-benzyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (MTC-OBn) (Đ < 1.30) at (pseudo)first-order kinetic polymerization progression. End group definition of these polymers demonstrated by mass spectrometry underlines the absence of side reactions. For the active ester monomer 5-methyl-5-pentafluorophenyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxane-2-one (MTC-PFP) with elevated side chain reactivity, a cocatalysis system consisting of NHO and the Lewis acid magnesium iodide is required to retune the reactivity from side chains toward controlled ROP. Excellent definition of the products (Đ < 1.30) and mass spectrometry data demonstrate the feasibility of this cocatalyst approach, since MTC-PFP has thus far only been polymerized successfully using acidic catalysts with moderate control. The broad feasibility of our findings was further demonstrated by the synthesis of block copolymers for bioapplications and their successful nanoparticular assembly. High tolerability of NHO in vitro with concentrations ranging up to 400 μM (equivalent to 0.056 mg/mL) further emphasize the suitability as a catalyst for the synthesis of bioapplicable materials. The polycarbonate block copolymer mPEG44-b-poly(MTC-OBn) enables physical entrapment of hydrophobic dyes in sub-20 nm micelles, whereas the active ester block copolymer mPEG44-b-poly(MTC-PFP) is postfunctionalizable by covalent dye attachment. Both block copolymers thereby serve as platforms for physical or covalent modification of nanocarriers for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Czysch
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thi Dinh
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yannick Fröder
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Leon Bixenmann
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patric Komforth
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Balint
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Räder
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lutz Nuhn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany,Chair
of Macromolecular Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität
Würzburg, Röntgenring
11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany,
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2
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Bai Y, Zhang ML, Wang BT, Ren YX, Zhao YC, Yang H, Yang X. Four MOFs with isomeric ligands as fluorescent probes for highly selective, sensitive and stable detection of antibiotics in water. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01261d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Four complexes showed excellent discriminative probes for cefixime (CEF) and tetracycline (TEC) based on their sensitive fluorescence quenching. The PET and IFE effects resulted in high sensitivity and selectivity for the detection of CEF and TEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Bai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Mei-li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xia Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chao Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi 716000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Henan Key Laboratory of function-Oriented Porous Materials, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
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3
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Balint A, Naumann S. A comparison of zwitterionic and anionic mechanisms in the dual-catalytic polymerization of lactide. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00992c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two different polymerization mechanisms for lactide are selectivity addressed to illuminate the respective role of organobase and Lewis acid component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Balint
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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4
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Altmann HJ, Steinmann M, Elser I, Benedikter MJ, Naumann S, Buchmeiser MR. Dual catalysis with an
N
‐heterocyclic
carbene and a Lewis acid: Thermally latent
precatalyst
for the polymerization of
ε‐caprolactam. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hagen J. Altmann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Mark Steinmann
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf Denkendorf Germany
| | - Iris Elser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
| | - Michael R. Buchmeiser
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry University of Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany
- German Institutes of Textile and Fiber Research Denkendorf Denkendorf Germany
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5
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Wang Z, Niu QH, Xue XS, Ji P. The Brönsted Basicities of N-Heterocyclic Olefins in DMSO: An Effective Way to Evaluate the Stability of NHO-CO 2 Adducts. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13204-13210. [PMID: 32900190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Brönsted basicity scale (∼24 pK units) for 85 commonly seen imidazole-, imidazoline-, triazole-, and thiazole-based N-heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) in DMSO was established using a well-examined computational model. The influence of substituents on the Brönsted basicities of these NHOs was investigated through basicity comparisons and rationalized by geometric analyses. The Gibbs energy (ΔGr) of the reaction between NHO and CO2 was also calculated, which linearly correlates with the basicity of the corresponding NHO, suggesting that the stability of NHO-CO2 adducts can be evaluated by the basicity of NHOs and a stronger basicity leads to a more stable NHO-CO2 adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Qian-Hang Niu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanocomposite Sensing Materials, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang 455000, China.,State Key Laboratory on Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Pengju Ji
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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7
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Szostak M. Editorial for “Organometallic Chemistry” Section, in Journal Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133038. [PMID: 32635184 PMCID: PMC7411824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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8
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von Seggern N, Schindler T, Naumann S. Dual Catalytic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Carbonate for the Preparation of Degradable PEG. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2661-2669. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils von Seggern
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tamara Schindler
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Wang Y, Han Y, Zhang L. Binary catalytic system for homo- and block copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with δ-valerolactone. RSC Adv 2020; 10:25979-25987. [PMID: 35518598 PMCID: PMC9055323 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined interaction of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a] pyrimidine (ITU) as the organocatalytic nucleophile with YCl3 as Lewis acid cocatalyst, generating ITU/YCl3, was employed for homo- and copolymerization of CL with VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Center of Analysis and Test
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Yongle Han
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- The Center of Analysis and Test
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
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10
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Naumann S. Synthesis, properties & applications of N-heterocyclic olefins in catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11658-11670. [PMID: 31517349 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06316a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), a recently (re-)discovered type of electron-rich, polar alkene, are comprehensively presented. Along with synthetic aspects and chemical properties, special emphasis is put on the multi-faceted impact NHOs already have had on catalysis. This is discussed along the lines of small molecule organocatalysis, organo- and metal-assisted polymerization and of the understanding and application of NHO-ligated organometallic complexes. Highlighted are the strong basicity of NHOs ("superbases"), their high nucleophilicity and the design principles to tailor NHO (organo-)catalysts. It is demonstrated that NHOs can complement, and in many cases out-perform, the much better established N-heterocyclic carbene-based systems. Examples include among others CO2-sequestration, the polymerization of lactones and epoxides or the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyls. Further, the unique ability to selectively address basic or nucleophilic reaction pathways via NHO-mediation is detailed, as is the bonding situation in NHO-metal complexes and the ability of the olefin to act as an electronically flexible ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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11
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Zhang M, Zheng Y, Liu M, Ren Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Wang J. Two Cd(II)/Mn(II) coordination polymers showing dual responsive fluorescence sensing for Fe3+ and o-NAL. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Zhang X, Wang L, Wang Q, Ge F, Wang X. Synthesis, Characterization of Pyridyl Heterocyclic Olefins (PHOs) and Activation of Heterocumulenes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10049 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
| | - Fang Ge
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQingdao University Shandong 266071 China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased MaterialsQingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences 189 Songling Road Qingdao 266101 China
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13
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Zhang M, Zheng Y, Liu M, Ren Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Wang J. Two zinc(ii) coordination polymers based on flexible co-ligands featuring assembly imparted sensing abilities for Cr 2O 7 2- and o-NP. RSC Adv 2019; 9:21086-21094. [PMID: 35521299 PMCID: PMC9065990 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new Zn(ii) coordination complexes, formulated as [Zn(opda)(pbib)] (1) and [Zn(ppda)(pbib)(H2O)] (2), (H2opda = 1,2-phenylenediacetic acid, H2ppda = 1,4-phenylene-diacetic acid, pbib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene), have been synthesized. The opda ligands extend a 1D chain containing (Zn-pbib) polymer chains into a 2D layer in 1. In 2, the ppda ligands link Zn(ii) atoms to form a 2D network, then the rigid bis(imidazole) ligands give rise to the 3D structure. The fluorescence property application and mechanisms of two complexes for detecting Cr2O7 2- and o-NP have been researched. For two complexes, the high quenching percentage in low concentration aqueous solution are 95.75% (Cr2O7 2-, 1), 95.28% (Cr2O7 2-, 2) and 97.56% (o-NP, 1), 96.59% (o-NP, 2). Compared with 2, complex 1 has higher quenching percentage, this could be because 1 is a 3D supramolecular with a large hole. The detection limits have been measured to be 2.992 × 10-7 M (Cr2O7 2-, 1), and 4.372 × 10-7 M (Cr2O7 2-, 2), 2.103 × 10-7 M (o-NP, 1), 1.862 × 10-7 M (o-NP, 2), respectively. The emissions of two complexes could be effectively and selectively quenched by o-NP and Cr2O7 2-, showing their potential as multi-responsive luminescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Yanjin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Yixia Ren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
| | - Jijiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of New Energy & New Function Materials, Yan'an University Yan'an Shaanxi 716000 P. R. China +86 911-2332037 +86 911-2332037
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14
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Schuldt R, Kästner J, Naumann S. Proton Affinities of N-Heterocyclic Olefins and Their Implications for Organocatalyst Design. J Org Chem 2019; 84:2209-2218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schuldt
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Zhou L, Xu G, Mahmood Q, Lv C, Wang X, Sun X, Guo K, Wang Q. N-Heterocyclic olefins and thioureas as an efficient cooperative catalyst system for ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of δ-valerolactone has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Guangqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Qaiser Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Chengdong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Xitong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Qinggang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Qingdao
- China
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16
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Liu Q, Jordan RF. Multinuclear Palladium Olefin Polymerization Catalysts Based on Self-Assembled Zinc Phosphonate Cages. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Richard F. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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17
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Hong M, Chen J, Chen EYX. Polymerization of Polar Monomers Mediated by Main-Group Lewis Acid-Base Pairs. Chem Rev 2018; 118:10551-10616. [PMID: 30350583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of new or more sustainable, active, efficient, controlled, and selective polymerization reactions or processes continues to be crucial for the synthesis of important polymers or materials with specific structures or functions. In this context, the newly emerged polymerization technique enabled by main-group Lewis pairs (LPs), termed as Lewis pair polymerization (LPP), exploits the synergy and cooperativity between the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB) sites of LPs, which can be employed as frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), interacting LPs (ILPs), or classical Lewis adducts (CLAs), to effect cooperative monomer activation as well as chain initiation, propagation, termination, and transfer events. Through balancing the Lewis acidity, Lewis basicity, and steric effects of LPs, LPP has shown several unique advantages or intriguing opportunities compared to other polymerization techniques and demonstrated its broad polar monomer scope, high activity, control or livingness, and complete chemo- or regioselectivity, as well as its unique application in materials chemistry. These advances made in LPP are comprehensively reviewed, with the scope of monomers focusing on heteroatom-containing polar monomers, while the polymerizations mediated by main-group LAs and LBs separately that are most relevant to the LPP are also highlighted or updated. Examples of applying the principles of the LPP and LP chemistry as a new platform for advancing materials chemistry are highlighted, and currently unmet challenges in the field of the LPP, and thus the suggested corresponding future research directions, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , 3000 Broadway , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado 80523 , United States
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18
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McGraw M, Chen EYX. Catalytic Lewis Pair Polymerization of Renewable Methyl Crotonate to High-Molecular-Weight Polymers. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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19
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Chen J, Hong M, Chen EYX. Lewis Pair Polymerization for New Reactivity and Structure in Polymer Synthesis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 23:molecules23040915. [PMID: 29659483 PMCID: PMC6017600 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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20
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Walther P, Frey W, Naumann S. Polarized olefins as enabling (co)catalysts for the polymerization of γ-butyrolactone. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00784e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs) can homopolymerize GBL via anionic or zwitterionic pathways, whereby polymerization mode and polymer topology depend on the chemical structure of the NHO and the presence of LiCl as cocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walther
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- University of Stuttgart
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
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Bai J, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang L. Dual catalysis system for ring-opening polymerization of lactones and 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01230j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The dual catalysis system exhibit the characteristics of a controlled ROP and suitable activities for the ROP of lactones and carbonates. Polymers prepared through this dual catalytic route possess predictable molecular weights, narrow polydispersities, and high end-group fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Bai
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Material Science
- Shanxi Normal University
- Linfen 041004
- P. R. China
- Research Institute of Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Collaborative Innovation Center for Shanxi Advanced Permanent Magnetic Materials and Techonology
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