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Gholap AD, Sayyad SF, Hatvate NT, Dhumal VV, Pardeshi SR, Chavda VP, Vora LK. Drug Delivery Strategies for Avobenzone: A Case Study of Photostabilization. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031008. [PMID: 36986867 PMCID: PMC10059943 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several developments and research methods are ongoing in drug technology and chemistry research to elicit effectiveness regarding the therapeutic activity of drugs along with photoprotection for their molecular integrity. The detrimental effect of UV light induces damaged cells and DNA, which leads to skin cancer and other phototoxic effects. The application of sunscreen shields to the skin is important, along with recommended UV filters. Avobenzone is widely used as a UVA filter for skin photoprotection in sunscreen formulations. However, keto-enol tautomerism propagates photodegradation into it, which further channelizes the phototoxic and photoirradiation effects, further limiting its use. Several approaches have been used to counter these issues, including encapsulation, antioxidants, photostabilizers, and quenchers. To seek the gold standard approach for photoprotection in photosensitive drugs, combinations of strategies have been implemented to identify effective and safe sunscreen agents. The stringent regulatory guidelines for sunscreen formulations, along with the availability of limited FDA-approved UV filters, have led many researchers to develop perfect photostabilization strategies for available photostable UV filters, such as avobenzone. From this perspective, the objective of the current review is to summarize the recent literature on drug delivery strategies implemented for the photostabilization of avobenzone that could be useful to frame industrially oriented potential strategies on a large scale to circumvent all possible photounstable issues of avobenzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol D Gholap
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadikali F Sayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, Maharashtra, India
| | - Navnath T Hatvate
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vilas V Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar R Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, St. John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar 401404, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vivek P Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Alalaiwe A, Lin YC, Lin CF, Huang CC, Wang PW, Fang JY. TiO 2-embedded mesoporous silica with lower porosity is beneficial to adsorb the pollutants and retard UV filter absorption: A possible application for outdoor skin protection. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 180:106344. [PMID: 36455708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the current investigation was to develop multifunctional TiO2-embedded mesoporous silica incorporating avobenzone to protect against environmental stress through pollutant adsorption and UVA protection. We sought to explore the effect of the mesoporous porosity on the capability of contaminant capture and the suppression of avobenzone skin penetration. The porosity of the mesoporous silica was tuned by adjusting the ratio of template triblock copolymers (Pluronic P123 and F68). The Pluronic P123:F68 ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 produced mesoporous silica with pore volumes of 0.66 (TiO2/SBA-L), 0.47 (TiO2/SBA-M), and 0.25 (TiO2/SBA-S) cm3/g, respectively. X-ray scattering and electron microscopy confirmed the SBA-15 structure of the as-prepared material had a size of 3-5 μm. The maximum adsorbability of fluoranthene and methylene blue was found to be 43% and 53% for the TiO2/SBA-S under UVA light, respectively. The avobenzone loaded into the mesoporous silica demonstrated the synergistic effect of in vitro UVA protection, reaching an UVA/UVB absorbance ratio of near 1.5 (Boots star rating = 5). The encapsulation of avobenzone into the TiO2/SBA-S lessened cutaneous avobenzone absorption from 0.76 to 0.50 nmol/mg, whereas no reduction was detected for the TiO2/SBA-L. The avobenzone-loaded TiO2/SBA-S hydrogel exhibited a greater improvement in skin barrier recovery and proinflammatory mediator mitigation compared to the SBA-S hydrogel (without TiO2). The cytokines/chemokines in the photoaged skin were reduced by two- to three-fold after TiO2/SBA-S treatment compared to the non-treatment control. Our data suggested that the mesoporous formulation with low porosity and a specific surface area showed effective adsorbability and UVA protection, with reduced UVA filter absorption. The versatility of the developed mesoporous system indicated a promising potential for outdoor skin protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu-Chih Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan,, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Huang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kweishan,, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Lineros-Rosa M, Cuquerella MC, Francés-Monerris A, Monari A, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet-Vallet V. Triplet stabilization for enhanced drug photorelease from sunscreen-based photocages. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1752-1759. [PMID: 33355577 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02244f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, sunscreen-based drug photocages have been introduced to provide UV protection to photoactive drugs, thus increasing their photosafety. Here, combined experimental and theoretical studies performed on a photocage based on the commercial UVA filter avobenzone (AB) and on the photosensitizing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (KP) are presented unveiling the photophysical processes responsible for the light-triggered release. Particular attention is paid to solvent stabilization of the drug and UV filter excited states, respectively, which leads to a switching between the triplet excited state energies of the AB and KP units. Most notably, we show that the stabilization of the AB triplet excited state in ethanol solution is the key requirement for an efficient photouncaging. By contrast, in apolar solvents, in particular hexane, KP has the lowest triplet excited state, hence acting as an energy acceptor quenching the AB triplet manifold, thus inhibiting the desired photoreaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lineros-Rosa
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Francés-Monerris
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France. and Departament de Química Física Universitat de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Monari
- Université de Lorraine and CNRS, LPCT UMR 7019, F-54000 Nancy, France.
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet-Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnologia Química UPV-CSIC, Universitat Politècnica de València, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Karisma VW, Wu W, Lei M, Liu H, Nisar MF, Lloyd MD, Pourzand C, Zhong JL. UVA-Triggered Drug Release and Photo-Protection of Skin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:598717. [PMID: 33644041 PMCID: PMC7905215 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.598717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Light has attracted special attention as a stimulus for triggered drug delivery systems (DDS) due to its intrinsic features of being spatially and temporally tunable. Ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation has recently been used as a source of external light stimuli to control the release of drugs using a "switch on- switch off" procedure. This review discusses the promising potential of UVA radiation as the light source of choice for photo-controlled drug release from a range of photo-responsive and photolabile nanostructures via photo-isomerization, photo-cleavage, photo-crosslinking, and photo-induced rearrangement. In addition to its clinical use, we will also provide here an overview of the recent UVA-responsive drug release approaches that are developed for phototherapy and skin photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vega Widya Karisma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huawen Liu
- Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Farrukh Nisar
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (CUVAS), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Matthew D. Lloyd
- Drug and Target Discovery, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Medicines Design, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Li Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Murphy RB, Staton J, Rawal A, Darwish TA. The effect of deuteration on the keto-enol equilibrium and photostability of the sunscreen agent avobenzone. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1410-1422. [PMID: 32966538 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00265h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable properties of deuterium have led to many exciting and favourable results in enhancing material properties, for applications in the physical, medical, and biological sciences. Deuterated isotopologues of avobenzone, a sunscreen active ingredient, were synthesised to examine for any changes to the equilibrium between the diketone and enol isomers, as well as their UV photostability and photoprotective properties. Prior to UV irradiation, deuteration of the diketone methylene/enol moiety (i.e. avobenzone-d2) led to an increase in the % diketone compared to non-deuterated, determined by 1H NMR experiments in CDCl3 and C6D12. This can be rationalised from two angles; mechanistically by a deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the CH vs. CD abstraction step during tautomerisation from the diketone to the enol, and a weaker chelating hydrogen bond for the enol when deuterated allowing increased equilibration to the diketone. Avobenzone-d2 was further examined by solid state 13C NMR. The higher % diketone for avobenzone-d2 was postulated to favour increased photodegradation by a non-reversible pathway. This was investigated by UV irradiation of the avobenzone isotopologues in C6D12, both in real time in situ within the NMR by fibre optic cable as well as ex situ using sunlight. An increase in the relative amount of photoproducts for avobenzone-d2 compared to non-deuterated was observed by 1H NMR upon UV irradiation ex situ. Overall, the study demonstrates that deuteration can be applied to alter complex equilibria, and has potential to be manifested as changes to the properties and behaviour of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys B Murphy
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
| | - John Staton
- Eurofins Dermatest, 20 King Street, Rockdale, New South Wales 2216, Australia
| | - Aditya Rawal
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tamim A Darwish
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia.
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Lineros‐Rosa M, Miranda MA, Lhiaubet‐Vallet V. A Sunscreen‐Based Photocage for Carbonyl Groups. Chemistry 2020; 26:7205-7211. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Lineros‐Rosa
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. Miranda
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Virginie Lhiaubet‐Vallet
- Instituto Universitario Mixto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC)Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Avda de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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Morozova OB, Fishman NN, Yurkovskaya AV. Kinetics of Reversible Protonation of Transient Neutral Guanine Radical in Neutral Aqueous Solution. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2696-2702. [PMID: 29978943 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (TR-CIDNP) is applied to follow transformation of the short-lived neutral guanine radical into a secondary guanine radical by its protonation, presumably at position N7. In the initial step the photoreaction of guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) with triplet excited 3,3',4,4'-tetracarboxy benzophenone (TCBP) leads to formation of the neutral radical G(-H). . The evidence of the radical conversion is based on the inversion of CIDNP sign for TCBP and GMP protons on the microsecond timescale as a result of the change in magnetic resonance parameters in the pairs of TCBP and GMP radicals due to structural changes of the GMP radical. Acceleration of the CIDNP sign change upon addition of phosphate (proton donor) confirms that the radical transformation responsible for the observed CIDNP kinetics is protonation of the neutral guanine radical with formation of the newly characterized cation radical, (G.+ )'. From the full analysis of the pH-dependent CIDNP kinetics, the protonation and deprotonation behaviour is quantitatively characterized, giving pKa =8.0±0.2 of the cation radical (G.+ )'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga B Morozova
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya N Fishman
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Yurkovskaya
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
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