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Kuzmenko NV, Galagudza MM. Hormonal basis of seasonal metabolic changes in mammalian species. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 142:131-161. [PMID: 39059984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal changes in external conditions (photoperiod, meteorological conditions, diet) cause adaptive changes in both energy and substrate metabolism in the animals of mammalian species. In summer, long days and a rich diet contribute to relative elevation in the levels of thyroid hormones (TH), but warmer weather lowers their levels. In winter, short days and a poor diet inhibit TH synthesis, but low temperatures increase their secretion. In addition, the results of our meta-analyses revealed a significant role of atmospheric pressure in circannual fluctuations of metabolic parameters in humans. The changes in photoperiod are generally viewed as a major factor contributing to seasonal rhythm regulation However, numerous data show that season-dependent metabolic changes in mammals could be also accounted for by meteorological factors and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Kuzmenko
- Department for Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M M Galagudza
- Department for Experimental Physiology and Pharmacology, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Li Y, Androulakis IP. The SCN-HPA-Periphery Circadian Timing System: Mathematical Modeling of Clock Synchronization and the Effects of Photoperiod on Jetlag Adaptation. J Biol Rhythms 2023; 38:601-616. [PMID: 37529986 PMCID: PMC10615703 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231188541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Synchronizing the circadian timing system (CTS) to external light/dark cycles is crucial for homeostasis maintenance and environmental adaptation. The CTS is organized hierarchically, with the central pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) generating coherent oscillations that are entrained to light/dark cycles. These oscillations regulate the release of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which acts as a systemic entrainer of peripheral clocks throughout the body. The SCN adjusts its network plasticity in response to variations in photoperiod, leading to changes in the rhythmic release of glucocorticoids and ultimately impacting peripheral clocks. However, the effects of photoperiod-induced variations of glucocorticoids on the synchronization of peripheral clocks are not fully understood, and the interaction between jetlag adaption and photoperiod changes is unclear. This study presents a semi-mechanistic mathematical model to investigate how the CTS responds to changes in photoperiod. Specifically, the study focuses on the entrainment properties of a system composed of the SCN, HPA axis, and peripheral clocks. The results show that high-amplitude glucocorticoid rhythms lead to a more coherent phase distribution in the periphery. In addition, our study investigates the effect of photoperiod exposure on jetlag recovery time and phase shift, proposing different interventional strategies for eastward and westward jetlag. The findings suggest that decreasing photic exposure before jetlag during eastward traveling and after jetlag during westward traveling can accelerate jetlag readaptation. The study provides insights into the mechanisms of CTS organization and potential recovery strategies for transitions between time zones and lighting zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannuo Li
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Ghareghani M, Zibara K, Rivest S. Melatonin and vitamin D, two sides of the same coin, better to land on its edge to improve multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219334120. [PMID: 36972442 PMCID: PMC10083587 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219334120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies revealed a latitudinal gradient of multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, increasing by moving from the equator to the poles. The duration and quality of an individual's exposure to sunlight vary with latitude. Skin exposure to sunlight activates vitamin D synthesis, while light absence, as perceived by the eyes, activates melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland. Vitamin D or melatonin deficiency/insufficiency or overdose can occur at any latitude due to specific lifestyles and diets. Moving away from the equator, especially beyond 37°, decreases vitamin D while raising melatonin. Furthermore, melatonin synthesis increases in cold habitats like northern countries. Since melatonin's beneficial role was shown in MS, it is expected that northern countries whose individuals have higher endogenous melatonin should show a lower MS prevalence; however, these are ranked with the highest scores. In addition, countries like the United States and Canada have uncontrolled over-the-counter usage. In high latitudes, vitamin D deficiency and a higher MS prevalence persist even though vitamin D is typically compensated for by supplementation and not sunlight. Recently, we found that prolonged darkness increased MS melatonin levels, mimicking the long-term increase in northern countries. This caused a reduction in cortisol and increased infiltration, inflammation, and demyelination, which were all rescued by constant light therapy. In this review, we explain melatonin and vitamin D's possible roles in MS prevalence. The possible causes in northern countries are then discussed. Finally, we suggest strategies to treat MS by manipulating vitamin D and melatonin, preferably with sunlight or darkness, not supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghareghani
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Kazem Zibara
- Platform for Research and Analysis in Environmental Science (PRASE) and Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences - I, Lebanese University, Beirut1003, Lebanon
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
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Effect of PACAP/PAC1R on Follicle Development of Djungarian Hamster ( Phodopus sungorus) with the Variation of Ambient Temperatures. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020315. [PMID: 36829590 PMCID: PMC9953326 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In Phodopus sungorus, the relationship between pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor (PAC1R), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and follicle development remains unclear. In this study, we found that the development of growing follicles and antral follicles were inhibited at low (8 °C, 14 °C) and high (29 °C) temperatures. Meanwhile, PACAP/PAC1R expression and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) serum concentration significantly decreased during ambient temperatures of 8 °C, 14 °C and 29 °C compared to 21 °C. Thus, ambient temperature may influence the expression of PACAP/PAC1R and the synthesis of FSH for involvement in follicle development. Moreover, PACAP/PAC1R had major functional elements including PKA/PKG and PKC phosphorylation sites, which may involve in the pathway of FSH synthesis through cAMP-PKA and its downstream signal pathway. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of PACAP/PAC1R and the number of the growing and antral follicles, as well as the serum FSH concentration and the number of antral follicles. However, there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of PACAP/PAC1R and the serum FSH concentration, indicating a complicated pathway between PACAP/PAC1R and FSH. In conclusion, ambient temperature affects the expression of PACAP/PAC1R and the serum FSH concentration. The expression of PACAP/PAC1R and the serum FSH concentration are correlated with follicle development, which implies that they are involved in follicle development, which will ultimately influence the reproduction of Phodopus sungorus. This study can lay the foundation for future investigation on the regulation mechanism of reproduction in Phodopus sungorus.
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Wójcik M, Herman AP, Zieba DA, Krawczyńska A. The Impact of Photoperiod on the Leptin Sensitivity and Course of Inflammation in the Anterior Pituitary. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114153. [PMID: 32532062 PMCID: PMC7312887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin has a modulatory impact on the course of inflammation, affecting the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors. Pathophysiological leptin resistance identified in humans occurs typically in sheep during the long-day photoperiod. This study aimed to determine the effect of the photoperiod with relation to the leptin-modulating action on the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in the anterior pituitary under physiological or acute inflammation. Two in vivo experiments were conducted on 24 blackface sheep per experiment in different photoperiods. The real-time PCR analysis for the expression of the genes IL1B, IL1R1, IL1R2, IL6, IL6R, IL6ST, TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2 was performed. Expression of all examined genes, except IL1β and IL1R2, was higher during short days. The leptin injection increased the expression of all examined genes during short days. In short days the synergistic effect of lipopolysaccharide and leptin increased the expression of IL1B, IL1R1, IL1R2, IL6, TNF, and TNFR2, and decreased expression of IL6ST. This mechanism was inhibited during long days for the expression of IL1R1, IL6, IL6ST, and TNFR1. The obtained results suggest the occurrence of leptin resistance during long days and suggest that leptin modulates the course of inflammation in a photoperiod-dependent manner in the anterior pituitary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wójcik
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (A.P.H.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (A.P.H.); (A.K.)
| | - Dorota Anna Zieba
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Genomics, Department of Nutrition, Animal Biotechnology and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Krakow, 30-248 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agata Krawczyńska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (A.P.H.); (A.K.)
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Melatonin concentration in peripheral blood and melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in the testis and epididymis of male roe deer during active spermatogenesis. Theriogenology 2020; 149:25-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kentiba E, George M, Mondal S, Mathi Vanan D. Effects of altitude on chronotype orientations in relation to cardiorespiratory and hematological quantities of college students in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219836. [PMID: 31314762 PMCID: PMC6636757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism by which Ethiopians adapt to altitude is quite unique compared to other Highlanders with respect to increased oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. Although the effects of altitude on cardiorespiratory and hematological quantities on athletics performances are well known, but there is little information about its underlying effect on chronotype orientations. METHODS In this cross-sectional study 60 male college students with mean age 20±1.3 years from high and low altitude regions living in a tropical setting in Ethiopia were included. The participants' chronotype was determined using the self-administered Horne and Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires (MEQ). Measurements and estimations of hematological and cardiorespiratory parameters were performed from 7:00-9:00 AM, East African time zone, in order to minimize any variations that might occur in the course of the day. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the underlying chronotype predictors. RESULTS 28 (93.9%) of participants from high altitude were mainly intermediate type (I-type) dominant with (MEQ = 42-58). While, 16 (55.2%) of participants from low altitudes were morning type (M-type) dominant chronotype with (MEQ = 59-69). Our main finding confirmed that altitude is an independent predictor of chronotype orientations of the participants (p<0.015). Thus, the results of the multivariate analysis seem to indicate that, participants from low and high altitudes may be uniquely oriented towards either M-type or I-type chronotype respectively (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.772, 95% CI = 3.748-4618458). However, no significant difference on cardiorespiratory and hematological quantities between I-type and M-type chronotype of students from low altitude living in the same setting was reported (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our finding, reported for the first time that, the human chronotype varies according to the altitude, with no underlying effect of cardiorespiratory and hematological quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Kentiba
- Department of Sports Science, Arba Minch College of Teachers’ Education, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Sports Science, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- Department of Sports Science, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - D. Mathi Vanan
- Department of Sports Science, Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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Nehela Y, Killiny N. Infection with phytopathogenic bacterium inhibits melatonin biosynthesis, decreases longevity of its vector, and suppresses the free radical-defense. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12511. [PMID: 29786865 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne phytopathogenic bacteria may alter the reproductive fitness, survival, behavior, and metabolism of their vectors. Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is associated with the Huanglongbing (also known as citrus greening disease), one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide, and transmitted by Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Insecta, Hemiptera, Liviidae). The genome sequencing of CLas revealed that it does not have the ability to synthesize tryptophan, the precursor of melatonin, and it must acquire it from its host plant or insect vector to achieve its biologic processes, such as growth and multiplication. Herein, we aimed to develop a GC-MS-SIM-based method to detect the endogenous melatonin from small insects such as D. citri, and to explore the hidden relationship between melatonin content and D. citri-adult survival. Then, we studied the ability of exogenous melatonin supplementation to reverse the negative effects of CLas-infection. Our findings showed that CLas-infection reduced the levels of melatonin and its biosynthetic genes (DcTPHs, DcAAAD, DcSNAT, and DcASMT) of D. citri compared to uninfected insects. In addition, CLas decreased the longevity of its vector, D. citri via the suppression of the free radical-defense associated genes (SODs, GSTs, PODs, and PHGPXs). On the other hand, melatonin supplementation could reverse the negative effects of CLas-infection. Melatonin supplementation enhanced the endogenous melatonin content, melatonin biosynthetic genes, free radical-defense associated genes, and the longevity of both healthy and CLas-infected D. citri. Furthermore, melatonin supplementation decreased the CLas bacterial population within the D. citri psyllids. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that melatonin plays multi-layered defensive roles in D. citri. These roles include acting as a natural antioxidant or as an antibacterial compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Nabil Killiny
- Department of Plant Pathology, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
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Kentiba E, Mondal S, Mathivanan D, George M. Chronotype preferences of college students from varied altitude backgrounds in Ethiopia. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1742-1747. [PMID: 30067391 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare chronotype preferences of college students from high- and low-altitude backgrounds living in a tropical setting of Ethiopia. Chronotype (morningness-eveningness) is a preference for a given time of day for physical or mental activities. The present cross-sectional study employed Horne and Osteberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaires to evaluate chronotype preferences. The chronotype preference of 264 male college students from varied altitude backgrounds indicated significant differences (p < 0.001). Our findings confirm our hypothesis, of the prevalence of M-types dominant chronotype among college students at low than high altitude. However, we did not confirm our second hypothesis, since students from high-altitude backgrounds were generally I-type dominant chronotype. Similarly, students' academic performances from low- compared to high-altitudes backgrounds also indicated significant differences (p < 0.003). Better academic performances were seen in students with I-type chronotype orientations from high altitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrem Kentiba
- a Department of Sports Science , Arba Minch College of Teachers' Education , Arba Minch-Ethiopia.,b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - Soumitra Mondal
- b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - D Mathivanan
- b Department of Sports Science , Mekelle University College of Natural and Computational Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
| | - Mala George
- c Department of Biochemistry , Mekelle University School of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Sciences , Mekelle-Ethiopia
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The influence of ageing on the extrapineal melatonin synthetic pathway. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:151-157. [PMID: 29906492 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ageing affects various physiological and metabolic processes in a body and a progressive accumulation of oxidative damage stands out as often used explanation. One of the most powerful scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all organs is melatonin. A majority of melatonin supplied to the body via blood originates from the pineal gland. However, we have been interested in a locally produced melatonin. We have used 2.5- and 36-months-old Wistar rats. Tissues were collected and gene expression of AA-NAT and ASMT, the two key enzymes in a synthesis of melatonin, was determined in brain, liver, kidney, heart, skin, and intestine. Since melatonin can influence antioxidant enzymes, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of GSH were measured in liver. In addition, Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Manganese (Mn) were also determined in liver since these microelements might affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The expression of AA-NAT and ASMT was increased in liver and skin of old animals. A positive correlation in AA-NAT and ASMT expression was observed in liver, intestine and kidney. Moreover, the activity of CAT enzyme in liver was increased while SOD activity was decreased. SOD and CAT were probably affected by the observed decreased amount of Cu, Zn, and Mn in liver of old animals. In our model, extrapineal melatonin pathway in ageing consisted of complex interplay of locally produced melatonin, activities of SOD and CAT, and adequate presence of Cu, Zn and Mn microelements in order to defend organs against oxidative damage.
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