1
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Fluorinated and Non-Fluorinated 1,4-Diarylpyrazoles via MnO 2-Mediated Mechanochemical Deacylative Oxidation of 5-Acylpyrazolines. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238446. [PMID: 36500541 PMCID: PMC9736116 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free two-step synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles under ball-milling mechanochemical conditions was developed. The protocol comprises (3 + 2)-cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile imines and chalcones, followed by oxidation of the initially formed 5-acylpyrazolines with activated MnO2. The second step proceeds via an exclusive deacylative pathway, to give a series of 1,4-diarylpyrazoles functionalized with a fluorinated (CF3) or non-fluorinated (Ph, COOEt, Ac) substituent at C(3) of the heterocyclic ring. In contrast, MnO2-mediated oxidation of a model isomeric 4-acylpyrazoline proceeded with low chemoselectivity, leading to fully substituted pyrazole as a major product formed via dehydrogenative aromatization. The presented approach extends the scope of the known methods carried out in organic solvents and enables the preparation of polyfunctionalized pyrazoles, which are of general interest in medicine and material sciences.
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2
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Synthesis of a Pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinazoline-1,5-dione Derivative by Mechanochemical Double Cyclocondensation Cascade. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175671. [PMID: 36080434 PMCID: PMC9478961 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic compounds, such as quinazolinone derivatives, have significant biological activities. Nowadays, as the demand for environmentally benign, sustainable processes increases, the application of compounds from renewable sources, easily separable heterogeneous catalysts and efficient, alternative activation methods is of great importance. In this study, we have developed a convenient, green procedure for the preparation of 3a-methyl-2,3,3a,4-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]quinazoline-1,5-dione through a double cyclocondensation cascade using anthranilamide and ethyl levulinate. Screening of various heterogeneous Brønsted acid catalysts showed that Amberlyst® 15 is a convenient choice. By applying mechanochemical activation in the preparation of this N-heterotricyclic compound for the first time, it was possible to shorten the necessary time to three hours compared to the 24 h needed under conventional conditions to obtain a high yield of the target product.
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3
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Chatterjee T, Ranu BC. Synthesis of Organosulfur and Related Heterocycles under Mechanochemical Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13895-13910. [PMID: 34351760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, ball-milling has received tremendous attention as a "green tool" for conducting various challenging organic transformations under transition-metal-free and solvent-free conditions. Organosulfur and related heterocycles are ubiquitous in numerous biologically active molecules with potential applications, and those molecules could be synthesized from readily available starting materials under mechanochemical conditions without using any hazardous chemical or solvent. This synopsis highlights the green strategies developed in recent times to synthesize organosulfur and related heterocycles under ball-milling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Brindaban C Ranu
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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4
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Schumacher C, Molitor C, Smid S, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Syntheses of N-Containing Heterocycles with TosMIC. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14213-14222. [PMID: 34405999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A mechanochemical van Leusen pyrrole synthesis with a base leads to 3,4-disubstitued pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields. The developed protocol is compatible with a range of electron-withdrawing groups and can also be applied to the synthesis of oxazoles. Attempts to mechanochemically convert the resulting pyrroles into porphyrins proved to be difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claude Molitor
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Smid
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9 B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9 B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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5
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Al-Humaidi JY, Alissa SA, Katariya KD, Abu Al-Ola KA, Hagar M, Khalil KD. Solvent-Free Mechanochemical Synthesis of High Transition Biphenyltetracarboxydiimide Liquid Crystals. Molecules 2021; 26:3035. [PMID: 34069646 PMCID: PMC8161137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of high temperature alkyl and alkoxy biphenyltetracarboxydiimide liquid crystals have been prepared under ball mill method using solvent-free mechanochemical approach. The thermal properties of the prepared compounds were investigated by deferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements and the textures were identified by polarized optical microscope (POM). The compounds showed smectic mesomorphic behaviour. The results showed the increasing nature of transition temperature Cr-SmC with chain length with increments of the SmC mesophase range. However, the mesophase range of the SmA was decreased with the terminal chain length either for the alkyl or alkoxy terminal groups. Moreover, the DFT theoretical calculations have been conducted give a detailed projection of the structure of the prepared compounds. A conformational investigation of the biphenyl part has been studied. A deep illustration of the experimental mesomorphic behaviour has been discussed in terms of the calculated aspect ratio. A projection of the frontier molecular orbitals as well as molecular electrostatic potential has been studied to show the effect of the polarity of the terminal chains on the level and the gab of the FMOs and the distribution of electrostatic charges on the prepared molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Y. Al-Humaidi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Y.A.-H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Siham A. Alissa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (J.Y.A.-H.); (S.A.A.)
| | - Kanubhai D. Katariya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390002, India;
| | - Khulood A. Abu Al-Ola
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Al-Madina Al-Munawarah, Taibah University, Al-Madina 30002, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed Hagar
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Almunawrah, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Khaled D. Khalil
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Almunawrah, Yanbu 46423, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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6
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Krauskopf F, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Bolm C. 2,3-Dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1-Oxides by Biginelli-Type Reactions with Sulfonimidamides under Mechanochemical Conditions. Org Lett 2021; 23:2699-2703. [PMID: 33739844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biginelli-type multicomponent reactions (MCRs) with NH-free sulfonimidamides provide 2,3-dihydro-1,2,6-thiadiazine 1-oxides in high yields. The couplings are performed in a planetary ball mill under solvent-free mechanochemical conditions. Acetic acid or ytterbium triflate are used as catalysts. A representative product was characterized by X-ray single crystal structure analysis revealing molecular details of the highly functionalized three-dimensional heterocycle. Further product modifications lead to additional structural scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krauskopf
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 35, Survontie 9B, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Sawama Y. Hydrogen Generation from Water, Alcohols etc. and Its Application to Organic Reactions. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2021. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.79.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Mohammed FF, Hagar M, Parveen S, Alnoman RB, Ahmed HA, Ashry ESHE, Rasheed HA. 2-(Alkylthio)-3-(Naphthalen-1-yl)Quinazolin-4(3H)-Ones: Ultrasonic Synthesis, DFT and Molecular Docking Aspects. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1878245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farrhat F. Mohammed
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Benghazi University, Bengazhi, Libya
| | - Mohamad Hagar
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rua B. Alnoman
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah University, Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hoda A. Ahmed
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - El Sayed H. El Ashry
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A. Rasheed
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Nejrotti S, Mannu A, Blangetti M, Baldino S, Fin A, Prandi C. Optimization of Nazarov Cyclization of 2,4-Dimethyl-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one in Deep Eutectic Solvents by a Design of Experiments Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E5726. [PMID: 33291596 PMCID: PMC7730498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented Nazarov cyclization of a model divinyl ketone using phosphonium-based Deep Eutectic Solvents as sustainable non-innocent reaction media is described. A two-level full factorial Design of Experiments was conducted for elucidating the effect of the components of the eutectic mixture and optimizing the reaction conditions in terms of temperature, time, and substrate concentration. In the presence of the Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide/ethylene glycol, it was possible to convert more than 80% of the 2,4-dimethyl-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one, with a specific conversion, into the cyclopentenone Nazarov derivative of 62% (16 h, 60 °C). For the reactions conducted in the DES triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide/acetic acid, quantitative conversions were obtained with percentages of the Nazarov product above 95% even at 25 °C. Surface Responding Analysis of the optimized data furnished a useful tool to determine the best operating conditions leading to quantitative conversion of the starting material, with complete suppression of undesired side-reactions, high yields and selectivity. After optimization, it was possible to convert more than 90% of the model substrate into the desired cyclopentenone with cis percentages up to 77%. Experimental validation of the implemented model confirmed the robustness and the suitability of the procedure, leading to possible further extension to this specific combination of experimental designs to other substrates or even to other synthetic processes of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nejrotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Alberto Mannu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Salvatore Baldino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Andrea Fin
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 9-I-10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria, 7-I-10125 Torino, Italy; (S.N.); (S.B.); (C.P.)
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10
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Schöbel JH, Liang W, Wöll D, Bolm C. Mechanochemical Synthesis of 1,2,6-Thiadiazine 1-Oxides from Sulfonimidamides and the Fluorescence Properties of the Products. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15760-15766. [PMID: 33225705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis for 1,2,6-thiadiazine 1-oxides starting from NH-sulfonimidamides and propargyl ketones has been developed. Lewis acids affect these one-pot aza-Michael-addition/cyclization/dehydration reaction sequences. The photophysical properties of the resulting heterocyclic sulfonimidamide derivatives were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Schöbel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wenjing Liang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dominik Wöll
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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11
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Synthesis and antimycobacterial evaluation of pyridinyl- and pyrazinylhydrazone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Nafee SS, Hagar M, Ahmed HA, Alhaddad O, El-Shishtawy RM, Raffah BM. New two rings Schiff base liquid crystals; ball mill synthesis, mesomorphic, Hammett and DFT studies. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Solvent accounts for majority of the waste derived from synthetic transformations. This implies that by making changes to the solvent used by either switching to greener options, reducing the volume of solvent used, or even better avoiding the use of solvent totally will have a positive impact on the environment. Herein, the focus will be on the use of bio-based-green-solvents in C-C crosscoupling reactions highlighting the recent developments in this field of research. Emphasis in this review will be placed on developments obtained for Mizoroki-Heck, Hiyama, Stille, and Suzuki- Miyaura cross-couplings. For these cross-coupling reactions, good reaction conditions utilizing green solvents are now available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magne O. Sydnes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, NO-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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14
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Carta M, James SL, Delogu F. Phenomenological Inferences on the Kinetics of a Mechanically Activated Knoevenagel Condensation: Understanding the "Snowball" Kinetic Effect in Ball Milling. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193600. [PMID: 31591289 PMCID: PMC6803908 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We focus on understanding the kinetics of a mechanically activated Knoevenagel condensation conducted in a ball mill, that is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics and the formation of a rubber-like cohesive intermediate state coating the milling ball. The previously described experimental findings are explained using a phenomenological kinetic model. It is assumed that reactants transform into products already at the very first collision of the ball with the wall of the jar. The portion of reactants that are transformed into products during each oscillation is taken to be a fraction of the amount of material that is trapped between the ball and the wall of the jar. This quantity is greater when the reaction mixture transforms from its initial powder form to the rubber-like cohesive coating on the ball. Further, the amount of reactants processed in each collision varies proportionally with the total area of the layer coating the ball. The total area of this coating layer is predicted to vary with the third power of time, thus accounting for the observed dramatic increase of the reaction rate. Supporting experiments, performed using a polyvinyl acetate adhesive as a nonreactive but cohesive material, confirm that the coating around the ball grows with the third power of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Stuart L James
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy.
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15
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Akhila VR, Priya MR, Sherin DR, Krishnapriya GK, Keerthi SV, Manojkumar TK, Rajasekharan KN. Mechanochemical Synthesis, in vitro Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of 4-Amino-2-arylamino-5-(benzofuran-2-oyl)thiazoles as Antidiabetic Agents. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666180815124425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 4-amino-2-arylamino-5-(benzofuran-2-oyl)thiazoles 4a-h, as example of
2,4-diaminothiazole-benzofuran hybrids and an evaluation of their antidiabetic activity, by in vitro and
computational methods, are reported. The synthesis of these diaminothiazoles was achieved mechano
chemically by a rapid solvent-less method. Their antidiabetic activity was assessed by α-glucosidase
and α-amylase inhibition assays. The, IC50 value for α-glucosidase inhibition by 4-amino-5-
(benzofuran-2-oyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenylamino)thiazole (4d) was found to be 20.04 µM and the IC50
value for α-amylase inhibition, 195.03 µM, whereas the corresponding values for reference acarbose
were 53.38 µM and 502.03 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies at the active sites of α-
glucosidase and α-amylase showed that among the diaminothiazoles 4a-h now studied, 4-amino-5-
(benzofuran-2-oyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenylamino)thiazole (4d) has the highest D-scores of -8.63 and
-8.08 for α-glucosidase and for α-amylase, with binding energies -47.76 and -19.73 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayan R. Akhila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Maheswari R. Priya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Daisy R. Sherin
- Centre for Computational Modeling and Data Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management- Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Girija K. Krishnapriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Sreerekha V. Keerthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Thanathu K. Manojkumar
- Centre for Computational Modeling and Data Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management- Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - Kallikat N. Rajasekharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
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16
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Lambat TL, Abdala AA, Mahmood S, Ledade PV, Chaudhary RG, Banerjee S. Sulfamic acid promoted one-pot multicomponent reaction: a facile synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles under ball milling conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39735-39742. [PMID: 35541403 PMCID: PMC9076070 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08478a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles using sulfamic acid under ball milling conditions. The present protocol for preparation of biologically important 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles offers several advantages such as mild reaction conditions, improved selectivity and higher isolated yields. Moreover, solvent-free reaction conditions and the use of ball milling make the present protocol environmentally friendly in nature. We report an efficient and facile one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-tetrahydroindoles using sulfamic acid under ball milling conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Trimurti L. Lambat
- Department of Chemistry
- Manoharbhai Patel College of Arts, Commerce & Science
- Dist-Gondia 441901
- India
| | - Ahmed A. Abdala
- Chemical Engineering Program
- Texas A & M University at Qatar
- Doha
- Qatar
| | - Sami Mahmood
- Department of Physics
- The University of Jordan
- Amman 11942
- Jordan
| | - Pankaj V. Ledade
- Department of Chemistry
- Yashwantrao Chawhan Arts, Commerce & Science College
- Bhandara 441803
- India
| | - Ratiram G. Chaudhary
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry
- S. K. Porwal College of Arts, Commerce & Science
- Kamptee-441001
- India
| | - Subhash Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry
- Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya
- Bilaspur
- India
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