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Syazwani Athirah Sazuan N, Irwan Zubairi S, Hanisah Mohd N, Daik R. Synthesising Injectable Molecular Self-Curing Polymer from Monomer Derived from Lignocellulosic Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Biomass: A Review on Treating Osteoarthritis. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ethanol Production through Optimized Alkaline Pretreated Elaeis guineensis Frond Waste from Krabi Province, Thailand. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8110648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oil palm frond as an abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic waste was used to optimize alkaline pretreatment for ethanol production. The studied lignocellulosic waste is one of the largest biomasses (47%) in oil palm waste. Oil palm frond fibers were processed by steam explosion, hot water extraction, and alkaline extraction pretreatment, followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), for ethanol production as an alternative energy resource. To optimize alkaline extraction for oil palm frond, a Taguchi method with a three-factor design constituted a concentration of NaOH (15%, 20%, and 25%), time (30, 60, and 90 min), and temperature (70, 80, and 90 °C). An optimum alkaline extraction condition of 15% NaOH at 90 °C for 60 min gave the highest percentage of α-cellulose (80.74%) and the lowest percentages of lignin (15.99%), ash (1.05%), and pentosan (2.09%). In addition, the optimized pretreatment condition significantly improved α-cellulose to 52.65% and removed lignin up to 51.78%. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out with 10% (dry weight) alkaline pretreated OPF fibers, Celluclast 1.5 L (15 FU/gram substrate), Novozyme 188 (15 IU/gram substrate), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC90 at 40 and 45 °C. The highest ethanol concentration, theoretical ethanol yield, and ethanol productivity observed at 40 °C were 33.15 g/L, 72.54%, and 0.55 g/L/h, respectively. The results suggest that an optimized alkaline pretreatment process using palm frond as a lignocellulosic waste is a sustainable approach to produce efficient ethanol production.
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Guo H, Zhao Y, Chang JS, Lee DJ. Inhibitor formation and detoxification during lignocellulose biorefinery: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127666. [PMID: 35878776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For lignocellulose biorefinery, pretreatment is needed to maximize the cellulose accessibility, frequently generating excess inhibitory substances to decline the efficiency of the subsequent fermentation processes. This mini-review updates the current research efforts to detoxify the adverse impacts of generated inhibitors on the performance of biomass biorefinery. The lignocellulose pretreatment processes are first reviewed. The generation of inhibitors, furans, furfural, phenols, formic acid, and acetic acid, from the lignocellulose, with their action mechanisms, are listed. Then the detoxification processes are reviewed, from which the biological detoxification processes are noted as promising and worth further study. The challenges and prospects for applying biological detoxification in lignocellulose biorefinery are outlined. Integrated studies considering the entire biorefinery should be performed on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Guo
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-li 32003, Taiwan.
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Techno-Economic Analysis of an Integrated Bio-Refinery for the Production of Biofuels and Value-Added Chemicals from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulose-rich empty fruit bunches (EFBs) have high potential as feedstock for second-generation biofuel and biochemical production without compromising food security. Nevertheless, the major challenge of valorizing lignocellulose-rich EFB is its high pretreatment cost. In this study, the preliminary techno-economic feasibility of expanding an existing pellet production plant into an integrated bio-refinery plant to produce xylitol and bioethanol was investigated as a strategy to diversify the high production cost and leverage the high selling price of biofuel and biochemicals. The EFB feedstock was split into a pellet production stream and a xylitol and bioethanol production stream. Different economic performance metrics were used to compare the profitability at different splitting ratios of xylitol and bioethanol to pellet production. The analysis showed that an EFB splitting ratio below 40% for pellet production was economically feasible. A sensitivity analysis showed that xylitol price had the most significant impact on the economic performance metrics. Another case study on the coproduction of pellet and xylitol versus that of pellet and bioethanol concluded that cellulosic bioethanol production is yet to be market-ready, requiring a minimum selling price above the current market price to be feasible at 16% of the minimum acceptable return rate.
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Panel Products Made of Oil Palm Trunk: A Review of Potency, Environmental Aspect, and Comparison with Wood-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091758. [PMID: 35566927 PMCID: PMC9104621 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia. A lot of products, including food and other edible products, oleo-chemicals, cosmetics, personal and household care, pharmaceutical products, and biodiesels are derived from palm oil, thus making them one of the most economically important plants. After 25-30 years of age, the palms are felled and replaced due to declining oil production. Oil palm trunks (OPT) are considered significant waste products. The trunks remain on the plantation site for nutrient recycling or burning. This increases insect and fungi populations causing environmental problems for the new palm generation or air pollution due to the fire. Up till now, OPT has received less attention in research studies. Therefore, this review summarizes the utilization of OPT into products made of oil palm fibers mainly derived from OPT and its application as the substitution of wood panel products. Some research works have been carried out on oil palm fibers that are derived from OPT for exploiting their potential as raw material of composite panel products, which is the objective of this review. Areas of development are processed into various conventional composite panel products such as plywood and laminated board which are usually predominantly made of wood and bonded by synthetic resins, particleboard with binder, or binderless and cement board which is arranged with wood as a minor component. All of the products have been presented and described technically according to best knowledge of the authors and literature review.
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Ibrahim MF, Shaharuddin NA, Alias NH, Jenol MA, Abd‐Aziz S, Phang L. Biobutanol Production from Oil Palm Biomass. BIOREFINERY OF OIL PRODUCING PLANTS FOR VALUE‐ADDED PRODUCTS 2022:307-324. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527830756.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Saminathan M, Wan Mohamed WN, Md Noh 'A, Ibrahim NA, Fuat MA, Kumari Ramiah S, Jusoh S, Mat Dian NLH. Effects of urea-treated oil palm frond on nutrient composition and in vitro rumen fermentation using goat rumen fluid. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1228-1237. [PMID: 34907603 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ammoniation of oil palm frond (OPF) with non-protein nitrogen (N) sources has been shown to improve the nutritional value and digestibility of OPF in ruminants. This study evaluated the effect of treating OPF without (control) or with different urea levels (1%-5%) on chemical composition and in vitro gas production, digestibility and fermentation properties using goat rumen fluids. The results showed that the treated OPF with urea (1%-5%) had significantly lower (p < 0.05) dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and ash contents than that of the control. The crude protein (CP) content of treated OPF increased (linear p < 0.05; quadratic p < 0.05) with increasing levels of urea inclusion (1%-5%), whereas the contents of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. The CH4 (ml/500 mg DM incubated) production decreased (linear p < 0.05) with increasing levels of urea inclusion in treated OPF silage. However, in vitro DM and OM degradability were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by higher inclusion levels of urea (4% and 5%). OPF treated with 4% or 5% urea also revealed significantly (p < 0.05) higher total volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N than the control and OPFs treated with 1%-3% urea. Ammoniation of OPF with urea improved its nutritional value and in vitro rumen fermentation profiles in goats. The impact was more pronounced for 4% or 5% urea-treated OPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookiah Saminathan
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wan N Wan Mohamed
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - 'Abidah Md Noh
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur A Ibrahim
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad A Fuat
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriya Kumari Ramiah
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shokri Jusoh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor L H Mat Dian
- Food and Feed Technology Unit, Product Development and Advisory Services Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chien Bong CP, Alam MNHZ, Samsudin SA, Jamaluddin J, Adrus N, Mohd Yusof AH, Muis ZA, Hashim H, Salleh MM, Abdullah AR, Chuprat BRB. A review on the potential of polyhydroxyalkanoates production from oil-based substrates. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113461. [PMID: 34435568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a type of polyesters produced in the form of accumulated intracellular granules by many microorganisms. It is viewed as an environmentally friendly bioproduct due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility. The production of the PHA using oil substrates such as waste oil and plant oil, has gained considerable attention due to the high product yield and lower substrate cost. Nevertheless, the PHA fermentation using oil substrate is complicated due to the heterogenous fatty acid composition, varied bio-accessibility and possible inhibitory effect on the bacterial culture. This review presents the current state-of-the-art of PHA production from oil-based substrates. This paper firstly discusses the technical details, such as the choice of bacteria strain and fermentation conditions, characteristic of the oil substrate as well as the PHA composition and application. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and prospects for up-scaling towards a cleaner and effective bioprocess. From the literature review, depending on the cell culture and the type of PHA produced, the oil platform can have a PHA yield of 0.2-0.8 g PHA/g oil substrate, with PHA content mostly from 40 to 90% of the cell dry weight. There is an on-going search for more effective oil-utilising PHA producers and lower cost substrate for effective PHA production. The final application of the PHA polymer influences the treatment needed during downstream processing and its economic performance. PHA with different compositions exhibits varied decomposition behaviour under different conditions, requiring further insight towards its management towards a sustainable circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassendra Phun Chien Bong
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Nazrul Hisham Zainal Alam
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sani Amril Samsudin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Jamarosliza Jamaluddin
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Adrus
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zarina Ab Muis
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Haslenda Hashim
- Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Madihah Md Salleh
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Use of Chènevotte, a Valuable Co-Product of Industrial Hemp Fiber, as Adsorbent for Pollutant Removal. Part I: Chemical, Microscopic, Spectroscopic and Thermogravimetric Characterization of Raw and Modified Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154574. [PMID: 34361726 PMCID: PMC8348367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FINEAU (2021–2024) is a trans-disciplinary research project involving French, Serbian, Italian, Portuguese and Romanian colleagues, a French agricultural cooperative and two surface-treatment industries, intending to propose chènevotte, a co-product of the hemp industry, as an adsorbent for the removal of pollutants from polycontaminated wastewater. The first objective of FINEAU was to prepare and characterize chènevotte-based materials. In this study, the impact of water washing and treatments (KOH, Na2CO3 and H3PO4) on the composition and structure of chènevotte (also called hemp shives) was evaluated using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, X-ray computed nanotomography (nano-CT), attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that all these techniques are complementary and useful to characterize the structure and morphology of the samples. Before any chemical treatment, the presence of impurities with a compact unfibrillated structure on the surfaces of chènevotte samples was found. Data indicated an increase in the crystallinity index and significant changes in the chemical composition of each sample after treatment as well as in surface morphology and roughness. The most significant changes were observed in alkaline-treated samples, especially those treated with KOH.
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New EK, Wu TY, Voon KS, Procentese A, Shak KPY, Teoh WH, Lim JW, Md. Jahim J. A Utilization of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent Integrated with Alkaline Earth Metal Hexahydrate in the Pretreatment of Oil Palm Fronds. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kein New
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ta Yeong Wu
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Monash-Industry Palm Oil Education and Research Platform (MIPO), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khai Shing Voon
- Chemical Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP), School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Alessandra Procentese
- DTU Bioengineering, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katrina Pui Yee Shak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wen Hui Teoh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Jamaliah Md. Jahim
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Tareen AK, Sultan IN, Songprom K, Laemsak N, Sirisansaneeyakul S, Vanichsriratana W, Parakulsuksatid P. Two-step pretreatment of oil palm trunk for ethanol production by thermotolerent Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC90. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124298. [PMID: 33129086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunk chips were processed by steam explosion under different steam conditions, followed by alkaline extraction and fermentation to produce efficient lignocellulosic ethanol as sustainable alternative energy resource. The optimum condition of steam explosion was attained at 210°C for 4 min (α-cellulose: 58.83% and lignin: 27.12%). Taguchi 3 factor design [(sodium hydroxide concentration (NaOH), temperature and time)] was performed to optimize alkaline extraction. The optimum condition at 15% NaOH, 90°C for 60 min gave highest percentage α-cellulose: 87.14% and lowest percentage of lignin: 6.13%. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) involved 10% dry weight pretreated fibers, Celluclast 1.5L (15 FPU /gram substrate), Novozyme 188 (15 IU/gram substrate) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC90. The highest ethanol concentration (CP) produced during SSF was 44.25 g/L. Nonetheless, pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation gave 31.22 g/L (CP). All results suggested that optimized two step pretreatment produced efficient ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasiab Khan Tareen
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kiettipong Songprom
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Nikhom Laemsak
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sarote Sirisansaneeyakul
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wirat Vanichsriratana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pramuk Parakulsuksatid
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyaow, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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Naidu Y, Siddiqui Y, Idris AS. Comprehensive studies on optimization of ligno-hemicellulolytic enzymes by indigenous white rot hymenomycetes under solid-state cultivation using agro-industrial wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 259:110056. [PMID: 31929034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of oil palm biomass is a huge challenge in Malaysian oil palm plantations. The aim of this study was to develop efficient solid-state cultivated (SSC) ligno-hemicellulolytic bio-degrader formulations of indigenous white-rot hymenomycetes (Trametes lactinea FBW and Pycnoporus sanguineus FBR) utilizing oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), rubber wood sawdust (SD) and vermiculite (V) either alone or in combination as substrates. Based on significant laccase (849.40 U mg-1 protein), xylanase (42.26 U g-1 protein) and amylase (157.49 U g-1 protein) production, SD+V (T5) and V (T3) were the optimum substrates for SSC of T. lactinea FBW. Whereas, utilizing EFB (T1) substrate for SSC of P. sanguineus FBR enhanced the production of MnP (42.51 U mg-1 protein), LiP (103.20 U mg-1 protein) and CMCase (34.39 U g-1 protein), enzymes. Apparently, this is the first study reporting on the protein profiles by T. lactinea FBW, producing two isoforms of un-purified laccase (~55 and 70 kDa) and MnP (~40 and 60 kDa) and a CMCase band (~60 kDa) during SSC on SD+V (T5) substrate. Interestingly, this is also the first report to document a single isoform of un-purified laccase (~50 kDa), MnP (~45 kDa), CMCase (~60 kDa) and xylanase (~55 kDa) by P. sanguineus FBR during SSC on empty fruit bunches substrate. The computed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Biplot analysis elucidated the relationship between the solid substrate compositions, the hymenomycete strain, ligno-hemicellulolytic enzyme profiles, and cultivation time. Therefore, it is suggested to use PCA as a tool for multivariate analysis method for comprehensive selection and optimization of ligno-hemicellulolytic enzyme cocktails by the indigenous white rot hymenomycetes. These non-toxic (acute oral toxicity) formulations are safe to be used in field applications to efficiently degrade oil palm trunks and root mass that had been felled, chipped or pulverized under zero burning waste management program. This study could also serve as an alternative method for efficient utilization of agro-industrial waste as substrates for the development of cost-effective bio-degraders formulations for agro-waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvarani Naidu
- Biology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Yasmeen Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Plantation Science and Technology, Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Abu Seman Idris
- Biology Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chan YH, Cheah KW, How BS, Loy ACM, Shahbaz M, Singh HKG, Yusuf NR, Shuhaili AFA, Yusup S, Ghani WAWAK, Rambli J, Kansha Y, Lam HL, Hong BH, Ngan SL. An overview of biomass thermochemical conversion technologies in Malaysia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 680:105-123. [PMID: 31100662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The rising pressure on both cleaner production and sustainable development have been the main driving force that pushes mankind to seek for alternative greener and sustainable feedstocks for chemical and energy production. The biomass 'waste-to-wealth' concept which convert low value biomass into value-added products which contain high economic potential, have attracted the attentions from both academicians and industry players. With a tropical climate, Malaysia has a rich agricultural sector and dense tropical rainforest, giving rise to abundance of biomass which most of them are underutilized. Hence, the biomass 'waste-to-wealth' conversion through various thermochemical conversion technologies and the prospective challenges towards commercialization in Malaysia are reviewed in this paper. In this paper, a critical review about the maturity status of the four most promising thermochemical conversion routes in Malaysia (i.e. gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction and hydroprocessing) is given. The current development of thermochemical conversion technologies for biomass conversion in Malaysia is also reviewed and benchmarked against global progress. Besides, the core technical challenges in commercializing these green technologies are highlighted as well. Lastly, the future outlook for successful commercialization of these technologies in Malaysia is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Herng Chan
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Kin Wai Cheah
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Bing Shen How
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Chun Minh Loy
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Division of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haswin Kaur Gurdeep Singh
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nur'aini Raman Yusuf
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Fadzil Ahmad Shuhaili
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Yusup
- Biomass Processing Lab, Center of Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia; Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Azlina Wan Abd Karim Ghani
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering / Sustainable Process Engineering Research Centre (SPERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jakaria Rambli
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering / Sustainable Process Engineering Research Centre (SPERC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yasuki Kansha
- Organization for Programs on Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hon Loong Lam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon Hooi Hong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sue Lin Ngan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Choosing Physical, Physicochemical and Chemical Methods of Pre-Treating Lignocellulosic Wastes to Repurpose into Solid Fuels. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Various methods of physical, chemical and combined physicochemical pre-treatments for lignocellulosic biomass waste valorisation to value-added feedstock/solid fuels for downstream processes in chemical industries have been reviewed. The relevant literature was scrutinized for lignocellulosic waste applicability in advanced thermochemical treatments for either energy or liquid fuels. By altering the overall naturally occurring bio-polymeric matrix of lignocellulosic biomass waste, individual components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin can be accessed for numerous downstream processes such as pyrolysis, gasification and catalytic upgrading to value-added products such as low carbon energy. Assessing the appropriate lignocellulosic pre-treatment technology is critical to suit the downstream process of both small- and large-scale operations. The cost to operate the process (temperature, pressure or energy constraints), the physical and chemical structure of the feedstock after pre-treatment (decomposition/degradation, removal of inorganic components or organic solubilization) or the ability to scale up the pre-treating process must be considered so that the true value in the use of bio-renewable waste can be revealed.
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15
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Improved Biobutanol Production in 2-L Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Delayed Yeast Extract Feeding and in-situ Recovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7443. [PMID: 31092836 PMCID: PMC6520356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with delayed yeast extract feeding (DYEF) was conducted in a 2-L bioreactor equipped with in-situ recovery using a gas stripping in order to enhance biobutanol production from lignocellulosic biomass of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). This study showed that 2.88 g/L of biobutanol has been produced from SSF with a similar yield of 0.23 g/g as compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). An increase of 42% of biobutanol concentration was observed when DYEF was introduced in the SSF at 39 h of fermentation operation. Biobutanol production was further enhanced up to 11% with a total improvement of 72% when in-situ recovery using a gas stripping was implemented to reduce the solvents inhibition in the bioreactor. In overall, DYEF and in-situ recovery were able to enhance biobutanol production in SSF.
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16
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Nie Y, Hou Q, Li W, Bai C, Bai X, Ju M. Efficient Synthesis of Furfural from Biomass Using SnCl₄ as Catalyst in Ionic Liquid. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030594. [PMID: 30736429 PMCID: PMC6384620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Furfural is a versatile platform molecule for the synthesis of various chemicals and fuels, and it can be produced by acid-catalyzed dehydration of xylose derived from renewable biomass resources. A series of metal salts and ionic liquids were investigated to obtain the best combination of catalyst and solvent for the conversion of xylose into furfural. A furfural yield of 71.1% was obtained at high xylose loading (20 wt%) from the single-phasic reaction system whereby SnCl₄ was used as catalyst and ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (EMIMBr) was used as reaction medium. Moreover, the combined catalyst consisting of 5 mol% SnCl₄ and 5 mol% MgCl₂ also produced a high furfural yield (68.8%), which was comparable to the furfural yield obtained with 10 mol% SnCl₄. The water⁻organic solvent biphasic systems could improve the furfural yield compared with the single aqueous phase. Although these organic solvents could form biphasic systems with ionic liquid EMIMBr, the furfural yield decreased remarkably compared with the single EMIMBr phase. Besides, the EMIMBr/SnCl₄ system with appropriate water was also efficient to convert xylan and lignocellulosic biomass corn stalk into furfural, obtaining furfural yields as high as 57.3% and 54.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Nie
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Qidong Hou
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Weizun Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Chuanyunlong Bai
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Meiting Ju
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Biomass Solid Waste Resources Technology, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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