1
|
Yang Y, Ma X, Wang M, Ji X, Li L, Liu Z, Wang J, Ren Y, Jia L. Mild γ-Butyrolactone/Water Pretreatment for Highly Efficient Sugar Production from Corn Stover. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04922-6. [PMID: 38589715 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, γ-butyrolactone/water (GBL/H2O) was explored as a mild, efficient, and cost-effective binary solvent pretreatment to enhance hydrolyzability of corn stover (CS). Key pretreatment parameters-reaction time, temperature, and H2SO4 concentration-were systematically investigated for their effects on the physicochemical properties of CS. Specifically, increased temperature and acid concentration significantly decreased cellulose crystallinity (from 1.39 for untreated CS to 1.04 for CS pretreated by GBL/H2O with 100 mM H2SO4 at 120 °C for 1 h) and promoted lignin removal (47.3% for CS pretreated by GBL/H2O with 150 mM H2SO4 at 120 °C for 1 h). Acknowledging the cellulase's limited hydrolysis efficiency, a dual-enzyme scheme using a low cellulase dosage (10 FPU/g) supplemented with β-glucosidase or xylanase was tested, enhancing hydrolysis of CS pretreated under low temperature-long duration and high temperature-short duration conditions, respectively. Optimum sugar release was obtained from CS pretreated with GBL/H2O and 150 mM H2SO4 at 120 °C for 1 h, achieving 98% glucan and 82.3% xylan conversion, compared with 53.9% and 17% of glucan and xylan conversion from untreated CS. GBL/H2O pretreatment outperformed other binary systems in literature, achieving the highest sugar conversions with lower enzyme loading. These results highlight the potential of GBL/H2O pretreatment for efficient biomass conversion, contributing to the goals of the green economy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xueliang Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Manzhu Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyi Ji
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Long Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiangyao Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yujin Ren
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lili Jia
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No.3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pazzaglia A, Gelosia M, Giannoni T, Fabbrizi G, Nicolini A, Castellani B. Wood waste valorization: Ethanol based organosolv as a promising recycling process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 170:75-81. [PMID: 37552928 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Wood waste is a valuable material that could constitute an abundant and inexpensive source for the production of new materials the recovery of energy. In Europe, about 46% of wood waste is recycled to particleboard and fiberboard, while the other fraction is incinerated. However, a considerable quantity of wood waste shows potential for its transformation into value-added products due to its compositional quality. In this work, wood waste collected at a mechanical treatment plant underwent organosolv treatment to produce a cellulose pulp suitable for manufacturing containerboard. Three variables (temperature, acid concentration, and ethanol concentration) were investigated to find an optimal solution to produce wood pulp by means of Design of Experiment. Wood waste was microwave-heated at 160 °C for 15 min using an acidified ethanol-water solution (2% w/w H2SO4 and 0.8 w/w ethanol concentration), producing pulp with an average cellulose content of 76% where 93% of initial cellulose was retained. Thanks to a one-pot approach, ethanol was totally recovered, 62% of initial lignin was precipitated, and 20 g/l of hemicellulose-derived sugars solution was obtained. Finally, three wood waste samples collected in different periods of the year yielded comparable outcomes, suggesting a good reproducibility of the organosolv process. ANOVA test with a significance level of 0.01 showed a p-value of 0.029 and 0.235 for cellulose content and cellulose recovery, respectively. This study paves the way for an industrial symbiosis between recycling centers and paper mills located in the same territory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aron Pazzaglia
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mattia Gelosia
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giannoni
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fabbrizi
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Nicolini
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy; Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Beatrice Castellani
- CIRIAF, Interuniversity Research Centre on Pollution and Environment "M.Felli", University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 67, 06125 Perugia, Italy; Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, Via G.Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Q, Dai C, Tan X, He X, Zhang K, Xu X, Zhuang X. Biphasic fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass based on the combined action of pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128477. [PMID: 36509300 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel method based on pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification, was introduced to pretreat and fractionate lignocellulose in a 2-phenoxyethanol (EPH) biphasic solvent system. The combined severity factor (CSF) was used to regulate pretreatment severity, and the relative energy difference (RED) of solvent system to lignin was used to evaluate solvent effects. The combined action of pretreatment severity and solvent effects on delignification was first investigated by the response surface regression analysis on the pretreatment of Amorpha. Accordingly, pretreatment and fractionation of Amorpha, poplar and corn straw were then conducted under the optimized conditions. Results showed that >99 % lignin was removed after pretreatment with CSF 3.7845 in a solvent system with RED 0.9371, and 42.94 %, 39.41 % and 70.90 % lignin from Amorpha, poplar and corn straw were respectively regenerated from organosolv liquor after fractionation. Finally, the regenerated products were characterized by FTIR, TG and GPC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Chenxing Dai
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xuesong Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaojun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xia Xu
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, PR China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tanase-Opedal M, Ruwoldt J. Organosolv Lignin as a Green Sizing Agent for Thermoformed Pulp Products. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46583-46593. [PMID: 36570307 PMCID: PMC9773809 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of organosolv lignin as a sizing agent for thermoformed pulp products as a sustainable material with improved water resistance. For this purpose, an in-house-produced organosolv lignin from softwood (Norway Spruce) was mixed with bleached and unbleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp fibers. In addition, the isolated organosolv lignin was characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis showed that organosolv lignin was of a high purity and practically ash-free, exhibiting low molecular weight, a glass transition temperature below the thermoforming temperature, and a high content of phenolic OH groups. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the organosolv lignin-sized thermoformed pulp materials were measured. A small decrease in strength and an increase in stiffness and density were observed for the lignin-sized thermoformed materials compared to the reference, that is, unsized materials. The addition of organosolv lignin decreased the wettability and swelling of the thermoformed product. These results are due to the distribution of organosolv lignin on the surface, filling in the pores and cavities, and providing a tighter fit within the thermoformed materials. In conclusion, the results from our study encourage the use of organosolv lignin as a sizing additive to thermoformed products, which can improve the water resistance to use it in sustainable packaging applications.
Collapse
|
5
|
Duan Y, Tarafdar A, Kumar V, Ganeshan P, Rajendran K, Shekhar Giri B, Gómez-García R, Li H, Zhang Z, Sindhu R, Binod P, Pandey A, Taherzadeh MJ, Sarsaiya S, Jain A, Kumar Awasthi M. Sustainable biorefinery approaches towards circular economy for conversion of biowaste to value added materials and future perspectives. FUEL 2022; 325:124846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
|
6
|
Ethanol organosolv pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse assisted by organic acids and supercritical carbon dioxide. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 300:120263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Ebrahimian F, Denayer JFM, Karimi K. Potato peel waste biorefinery for the sustainable production of biofuels, bioplastics, and biosorbents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127609. [PMID: 35840021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potato is the fourth most abundant crop harvested annually worldwide. Potato peel waste (PPW) is the main waste stream of potato-processing industries which is generated in large quantities and is a threat to the environment globally. However, owing to its compositional characteristics, availability, and zero cost, PPW is a renewable resource for the production of high-value bioproducts. Hence, this study provides a state-of-the-art overview of advancements in PPW valorization through biological and thermochemical conversions. PPW has a high potential for biofuel and biochemical generation through detoxification, pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation. Moreover, many other valuable chemicals, including bio-oil, biochar, and biosorbents, can be produced via thermochemical conversions. However, several challenges are associated with the biological and thermochemical processing of PPW. The insights provided in this review pave the way toward a PPW-based biorefinery development, providing sustainable alternatives to fossil-based products and mitigating environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farinaz Ebrahimian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Joeri F M Denayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keikhosro Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karnaouri A, Asimakopoulou G, Kalogiannis KG, Lappas AA, Topakas E. Efficient production of nutraceuticals and lactic acid from lignocellulosic biomass by combining organosolv fractionation with enzymatic/fermentative routes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125846. [PMID: 34474235 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the use of isobutanol as organic solvent for the efficient delignification and fractionation of beechwood through the OxiOrganosolv process in the absence of any catalyst. The results demonstrate that cellulose-rich solid pulp produced after pretreatment is a source of fermentable sugars that can be easily hydrolyzed and serve as a carbon source in microbial fermentations for the production of omega-3 fatty acids and D-lactic acid. The C5 sugars are recovered in the aqueous liquid fractions and comprise a fraction rich in xylo-oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. The maximum production of optically pure D-lactic from Lactobacillus delbrueckii sp. bulgaricus reached 51.6 g/L (0.57 g/gbiomass), following a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation strategy. Crypthecodenium cohnii accumulated up to 52.1 wt% lipids with a DHA content of 54.1 %, while up to 43.3 % hemicellulose recovery in form of oligosaccharides was achieved in the liquid fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Asimakopoulou
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Kalogiannis
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th km Harilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos A Lappas
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th km Harilaou-Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baral P, Kumar V, Agrawal D. Emerging trends in high-solids enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic feedstocks for developing an efficient and industrially deployable sugar platform. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:873-891. [PMID: 34530648 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1973363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For the techno-commercial success of any lignocellulosic biorefinery, the cost-effective production of fermentable sugars for the manufacturing of bio-based products is indispensable. High-solids enzymatic saccharification (HSES) is a straightforward approach to develop an industrially deployable sugar platform. Economic incentives such as reduced capital and operational expenditure along with environmental benefits in the form of reduced effluent discharge makes this strategy more lucrative for exploitation. However, HSES suffers from the drawback of non-linear and disproportionate sugar yields with increased substrate loadings. To overcome this bottleneck, researchers tend to perform HSES at high enzyme loadings. Nonetheless, the production costs of cellulases are one of the key contributors that impair the entire process economics. This review highlights the relentless efforts made globally to attain a high-titer of sugars and their fermentation products by performing efficient HSES at low cellulase loadings. In this context, technical innovations such as advancements in new pretreatment strategies, next-generation cellulase cocktails, additives, accessory enzymes, novel reactor concepts and enzyme recycling studies are especially showcased. This review further covers new insights, learnings and prospects in the area of lignocellulosic bioprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Baral
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Deepti Agrawal
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Area, Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Special Issue: Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Global consumption of materials such as forest resources, fossil fuels, earth metals and minerals are expected to double in the next 30 years, while annual waste production is estimated to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 [...]
Collapse
|
11
|
Muraleedharan MN, Karnaouri A, Piatkova M, Ruiz-Caldas MX, Matsakas L, Liu B, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Mathew AP. Isolation and modification of nano-scale cellulose from organosolv-treated birch through the synergistic activity of LPMO and endoglucanases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:101-109. [PMID: 33905799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose isolation from lignocellulose is a tedious and expensive process with high energy and harsh chemical requirements, primarily due to the recalcitrance of the substrate, which otherwise would have been cost-effective due to its abundance. Replacing the chemical steps with biocatalytic processes offers opportunities to solve this bottleneck to a certain extent due to the enzymes substrate specificity and mild reaction chemistry. In this work, we demonstrate the isolation of sulphate-free nanocellulose from organosolv pretreated birch biomass using different glycosyl-hydrolases, along with accessory oxidative enzymes including a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO). The suggested process produced colloidal nanocellulose suspensions (ζ-potential -19.4 mV) with particles of 7-20 nm diameter, high carboxylate content and improved thermostability (To = 301 °C, Tmax = 337 °C). Nanocelluloses were subjected to post-modification using LPMOs of different regioselectivity. The sample from chemical route was the least favorable for LPMO to enhance the carboxylate content, while that from the C1-specific LPMO treatment showed the highest increase in carboxylate content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Nair Muraleedharan
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Maria Piatkova
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria-Ximena Ruiz-Caldas
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Aji P Mathew
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Paz A, Karnaouri A, Templis CC, Papayannakos N, Topakas E. Valorization of exhausted olive pomace for the production of omega-3 fatty acids by Crypthecodinium cohnii. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 118:435-444. [PMID: 32971378 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exhausted olive pomace (EOP) represents a potential candidate side stream to be utilized in biotechnological processes. EOP composition includes significant amounts of extractives and pectin, which are both usually discarded and are not utilized in the valorization process of the raw material. In this study, organosolv technology was optimized to remove the extractives and pectin using a Central Composite Rotatable Design. Optimal pretreatment conditions were predicted to be at 97.95 °C for 23.18 min, upon addition of 50% (v/v) EtOH in H2O, with 0.5% (w/v) of H2SO4 as catalyst. The composition analysis of liquid fraction revealed a high content of total sugars (17.58 g/L), galacturonic acid (7.05 g/L) and phenolic compounds (2.97 g/L). The liquid fraction was utilized as a carbon source by the heterotrophic marine microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii, where it was shown to promote lipid accumulation up to 38.5% wt. of cell biomass, even without any additional detoxification step. This study is the first report that shows the use of galacturonic acid as carbon source for the growth of C. cohnii, while underpinning the use of EOP as a promising substrate for the development of zero-waste bioprocesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Paz
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece; Industrial Biotechnology and Environmental Engineering Group "BiotecnIA", Chemical Engineering Department, University of Vigo (Campus Ourense), As Lagoas s/n, 32004 Ourense, Galicia, Spain
| | - Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Chrysovalantis C Templis
- Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papayannakos
- Chemical Process Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsakas L, Sarkar O, Jansson S, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. A novel hybrid organosolv-steam explosion pretreatment and fractionation method delivers solids with superior thermophilic digestibility to methane. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123973. [PMID: 32799045 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rising environmental concerns and the imminent depletion of fossil resources have sparked a strong interest towards the production of renewable energy such as biomethane. Inclusion of alternative feedstock's such as lignocellulosic biomass could further expand the production of biomethane. The present study evaluated the potential of a novel hybrid organosolv-steam explosion fractionation for delivering highly digestible pretreated solids from birch and spruce woodchips. The highest methane production yield was 176.5 mLCH4 gVS-1 for spruce and 327.2 mL CH4 gVS-1 for birch. High methane production rates of 1.0-6.3 mL min-1 (spruce) and 6.0-35.5 mL min-1 (birch) were obtained, leading to a rapid digestion, with 92% of total methane from spruce being generated in 80 h and 95% of that from birch in 120 h. These results demonstrate the elevated potential of the novel method to fractionate spruce and birch biomass and deliver cellulose-rich pretreated solids with superior digestibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971‑87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Omprakash Sarkar
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971‑87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Stina Jansson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971‑87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971‑87 Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
A shift towards an economically viable biomass biorefinery concept requires the use of all biomass fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) for the production of high added-value products. As lignin is often underutilized, the establishment of lignin valorization routes is highly important. In-house produced organosolv as well as commercial Kraft lignin were used in this study. The aim of the current work was to make a comparative study of thermoplastic biomaterials from two different types of lignins. Native lignins were alkylate with two different alkyl iodides to produce ether-functionalized lignins. Successful etherification was verified by FT-IR spectroscopy, changes in the molecular weight of lignin, as well as 13C and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The thermal stability of etherified lignin samples was considerably improved with the T2% of organosolv to increase from 143 °C to up to 213 °C and of Kraft lignin from 133 °C to up to 168 °C, and glass transition temperature was observed. The present study shows that etherification of both organosolv and Kraft lignin with alkyl halides can produce lignin thermoplastic biomaterials with low glass transition temperature. The length of the alkyl chain affects thermal stability as well as other thermal properties.
Collapse
|
15
|
Structural and Thermal Characterization of Novel Organosolv Lignins from Wood and Herbaceous Sources. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effects of structural variations of lignins isolated via an organosolv process from different woody and herbaceous feedstocks on their thermal stability profiles. The organosolv lignins were first analysed for impurities, and structural features were determined using the default set of gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR spectroscopy, quantitative 31 P NMR spectroscopy and semi-quantitative 1 H- 13 C HSQC analysis. Pyrolysis-, O 2 - and CO 2 -reactivity of the organosolv lignins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and volatile formation in various heating cycles was mapped by head-space GC-MS analysis. Revealed reactivities were correlated to the presence of identified impurities and structural features typical for the organosolv lignins. Data suggest that thermogravimetric analysis can eventually be used to delineate a lignin character when basic information regarding its isolation method is available.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hrůzová K, Matsakas L, Sand A, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Organosolv lignin hydrophobic micro- and nanoparticles as a low-carbon footprint biodegradable flotation collector in mineral flotation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 306:123235. [PMID: 32229063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flotation is a key step during mineral separation. Xanthates are the most commonly used collectors for recovering Cu, Ni, and Zn from sulphide ores. However, xanthates are fossil-based and toxic for the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of lignin nanoparticles and microparticles as sustainable and environmentally friendly collectors. Lignin particles demonstrated good selectivity toward Cu (chalcopyrite), with total recoveries exceeding 80% and grades of up to 8.6% w/w from a Cu-Ni ore in rougher flotation tests. When floating Zn-Pb-Cu ore, lignin nanoparticles could reduce the use of xanthates by 50%. Moreover, they outperformed xanthates alone, achieving total recoveries of up to 91%, 85%, and 98% for Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. These results prove the potential of lignin as a flotation collector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Hrůzová
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Anders Sand
- Boliden Mineral AB, SE-776 98 Garpenberg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karnaouri A, Chalima A, Kalogiannis KG, Varamogianni-Mamatsi D, Lappas A, Topakas E. Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass towards the production of omega-3 fatty acids by the heterotrophic marine microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 303:122899. [PMID: 32028216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids have become a commodity of high nutritional and commercial value; intensive fishing and its environmental and social cost has led researchers to seeking alternative more sustainable ways of producing them. Heterotrophic microalgae such as Crypthecodinium cohnii, a marine dinoflagellate, have the ability to utilize various substrates and accumulate high amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work, a mild oxidative organosolv pretreatment of beechwood pulps was employed that allowed up to 95% of lignin removal in a single stage, thus yielding a cellulose-rich solid fraction. The enzymatic hydrolysates were evaluated for their ability to support the growth and lipid accumulation of C. cohnii in batch and fed-batch cultures; the results verified the successful microalgae growth, while DHA reached up to 43.5% of the cell's total lipids. The proposed bioprocess demonstrated the utilization of non-edible biomass towards high added value food supplements in a sustainable and efficient manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelina Chalima
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos G Kalogiannis
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th Km Harilaou‑Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despoina Varamogianni-Mamatsi
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Lappas
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute (CPERI), CERTH, 6th Km Harilaou‑Thermi Road, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str, Zografou Campus, 15780 Athens, Greece; Biochemical and Chemical Process Engineering, Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li H, Cai X, Wang Z, Xu C. Cost-effective production of organosolv lignin from woody biomass using ethanol-water mixed solvent at mild conditions. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Ferreira JA, Taherzadeh MJ. Improving the economy of lignocellulose-based biorefineries with organosolv pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122695. [PMID: 31918973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose-based processes for production of value-added products still face bottlenecks to attain feasibility. The key might lie on the biorefining of all lignocellulose main polymers, that is, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin, considered an impediment in the access of cellulose and normally considered for energy recovery purposes, can give a higher contribution towards profitability of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Organosolv pretreatment allows selective fractionation of lignocellulose into separate cellulose-, hemicellulose- and lignin-rich streams. Ethanol organosolv and wood substrates dominated the research studies, while a wide range of substrates need definition on the most suitable organosolv pretreatment systems. Techno-economic and environmental analyses of organosolv-based processes as well as proper valorization strategies of the hemicellulose-rich fraction are still scarce. In view of dominance of ethanol organosolv with high delignification yields and high-purity of the recovered cellulose-rich fractions, close R & D collaboration with 1st generation ethanol plants might boost commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Ferreira
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, 50190 Borås, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Isolated by Hybrid Organosolv—Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Hardwood and Softwood Biomass for the Production of Phenolics and Aromatics. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, one of the three main structural biopolymers of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant natural source of aromatics with a great valorization potential towards the production of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Although kraft lignin and lignosulphonates, as byproducts of the pulp/paper industry, are available in vast amounts, other types of lignins, such as the organosolv or the hydrolysis lignin, are becoming increasingly important, as they are side-streams of new biorefinery processes aiming at the (bio)catalytic valorization of biomass sugars. Within this context, in this work, we studied the thermal (non-catalytic) and catalytic fast pyrolysis of softwood (spruce) and hardwood (birch) lignins, isolated by a hybrid organosolv–steam explosion biomass pretreatment method in order to investigate the effect of lignin origin/composition on product yields and lignin bio-oil composition. The catalysts studied were conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) zeolites and hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intracrystal mesopores (i.e., 9 and 45 nm) or nano-sized ZSM-5 with a high external surface. All ZSM-5 zeolites were active in converting the initially produced via thermal pyrolysis alkoxy-phenols (i.e., of guaiacyl and syringyl/guaiacyl type for spruce and birch lignin, respectively) towards BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) aromatics, alkyl-phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mainly naphthalenes), with the mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibiting higher dealkoxylation reactivity and being significantly more selective towards mono-aromatics compared to the conventional ZSM-5, for both spruce and birch lignin.
Collapse
|
21
|
Aromatics from Beechwood Organosolv Lignin through Thermal and Catalytic Pyrolysis. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12091606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomass fractionation, as an alternative to biomass pretreatment, has gained increasing research attention over the past few years as it provides separate streams of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These streams can be used separately and can provide a solution for improving the economics of emerging biorefinery technologies. The sugar streams are commonly used in microbial conversions, whereas during recent years lignin has been recognized as a valuable compound as it is the only renewable and abundant source of aromatic chemicals. Successfully converting lignin into valuable chemicals and products is key in achieving both environmental and economic sustainability of future biorefineries. In this work, lignin retrieved from beechwood sawdust delignification pretreatment via an organosolv process was depolymerized with thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. ZSM-5 commercial catalyst was used in situ to upgrade the lignin bio-oil vapors. Lignins retrieved from different modes of organosolv pretreatment were tested in order to evaluate the effect that upstream pretreatment has on the lignin fraction. Both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis yielded oils rich in phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons. Use of ZSM-5 catalyst assisted in overall deoxygenation of the bio-oils and enhanced aromatic hydrocarbons production. The oxygen content of the bio-oils was reduced at the expense of their yield. Organosolv lignins were successfully depolymerized towards phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons via thermal and catalytic pyrolysis. Hence, lignin pyrolysis can be an effective manner for lignin upgrading towards high added value products.
Collapse
|
22
|
Patel A, Mikes F, Bühler S, Matsakas L. Valorization of Brewers' Spent Grain for the Production of Lipids by Oleaginous Yeast. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123052. [PMID: 30469531 PMCID: PMC6320983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) accounts for 85% of the total amount of by-products generated by the brewing industries. BSG is a lignocellulosic biomass that is rich in proteins, lipids, minerals, and vitamins. In the present study, BSG was subjected to pretreatment by two different methods (microwave assisted alkaline pretreatment and organosolv) and was evaluated for the liberation of glucose and xylose during enzymatic saccharification trials. The highest amount of glucose (46.45 ± 1.43 g/L) and xylose (25.15 ± 1.36 g/L) were observed after enzymatic saccharification of the organosolv pretreated BSG. The glucose and xylose yield for the microwave assisted alkaline pretreated BSG were 34.86 ± 1.27 g/L and 16.54 ± 2.1 g/L, respectively. The hydrolysates from the organosolv pretreated BSG were used as substrate for the cultivation of the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides, aiming to produce microbial lipids. The yeast synthesized as high as 18.44 ± 0.96 g/L of cell dry weight and 10.41 ± 0.34 g/L lipids (lipid content of 56.45 ± 0.76%) when cultivated on BSG hydrolysate with a C/N ratio of 500. The cell dry weight, total lipid concentration and lipid content were higher compared to the results obtained when grown on synthetic media containing glucose, xylose or mixture of glucose and xylose. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using hydrolysates of organosolv pretreated BSG for the growth and lipid production of oleaginous yeast in literature. The lipid profile of this oleaginous yeast showed similar fatty acid contents to vegetable oils, which can result in good biodiesel properties of the produced biodiesel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Fabio Mikes
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Saskja Bühler
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87 Luleå, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|