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Shou P, Li J, Zhang P, Wei Y, Yan M, Zhang M, Feng K, Lin N, Zhao H, Yang B. Pharmacophore-probe reaction guided purification to precisely identify electrophilic withanolides from Tubocapsicum anomalum Makino and their anti-TNBC activity. Fitoterapia 2022; 158:105169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Perković I, Beus M, Schols D, Persoons L, Zorc B. Itaconic acid hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Mol Divers 2020; 26:1-14. [PMID: 33043404 PMCID: PMC7548052 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this paper, we report the synthesis of novel hybrids 2–14 based on itaconic acid and fluoroaniline, pyridine, indole and quinoline scaffolds. Itaconic acid is a naturally occurring compound with a Michael acceptor moiety, a key structural feature in several anticancer and antiviral drugs, responsible for the covalent binding of a drug to the cysteine residue of a specific protein. Aromatic parts of the hybrids also come from the substances reported as anticancer or antiviral agents. The synthetic route employed to access the amido-ester hybrids 2–13 used monomethyl itaconate or monomethyl itaconyl chloride and corresponding amines as the starting materials. Dimers 14 and 15 with two aminoindole or mefloquine moieties were prepared from itaconic acid and corresponding amino derivative, using standard coupling conditions (HATU/DIEA). All hybrids exerted anticancer effects in vitro against almost all the tumour cell lines that were evaluated (MCF-7, HCT 116, H460, LN-229, Capan-1, DND-41, HL-60, K-562, Z-138). Solid tumour cells were, in general, more responsive than the haematological cancer cells. The MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line appeared the most sensitive. Amido-ester 12 with chloroquine core and mefloquine homodimer 15 showed the highest activity with GI50 values between 0.7 and 8.6 µM. In addition, compound 15 also exerted antiviral activity against Zika virus and Coxsackievirus B4 in low micromolar concentrations. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10147-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Branka Zorc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Chloroquine fumardiamides as novel quorum sensing inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127336. [PMID: 32631537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) that specifically interfere with bacterial cell-to-cell communication are considered as an alternative approach to conventional antibacterial therapy. In our study, a set of twenty-six fumardiamides with a quinoline head-group were evaluated as potential QSIs. Two strains of Gram-negative Chromobacterium violaceum (violacein-producing strain ATCC31532 and violacein-negative, mini-Tn5 mutant derivative CV026) were used as QS reporters for testing anti-QS and bactericidal activity of various quinoline fumardiamides. The initial screening of eighteen fumardiamides with primaquine, mefloquine and chloroquine scaffolds identified chloroquine derivatives as the most promising QSIs. Tail-group optimization of chloroquine fumardiamides led to the most active compounds 27, 29 and 30 bearing aminoethyl or piperidine moieties. At 400 µM concentration, these compounds inhibited the QS of C. violaceum strains in a manner similar to quercetin (the model QSI), while at the 40 µM concentration their inhibitory effect was twice less than that of quercetin. As none of the compounds displayed a bactericidal effect and that the QS inhibition was specific to the CV026 strain, our findings indicate that the structurally optimized chloroquine derivatives could function as quorum quenching (QQ) agents with a potential to block the signaling without entering the cell. In conclusion, our finding provides an important step toward the further design of agents targeting cell-to-cell communication.
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Antiproliferative evaluation of various aminoquinoline derivatives. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:661-672. [PMID: 31639093 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Four classes of aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared: primaquine ureas 1a-f, primaquine bis-ureas 2a-f, chloroquine fumardiamides 3a-f and mefloquine fumardiamides 4a-f. Their antiproliferative activities against breast adeno-carcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (H460) and colon carcinoma (HCT 116 and SW620) cell lines were evaluated in vitro, using MTT cell proliferation assay. The results revealed a low activity of primaquine urea and bis-urea derivatives and high activity of all fumardiamides, with IC50 values in low micromolar range against all tested cancer cell lines.
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Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Beus M, Fontinha D, Held J, Rajić Z, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Prudêncio M, Zorc B. Primaquine and Chloroquine Fumardiamides as Promising Antiplasmodial Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152812. [PMID: 31374989 PMCID: PMC6695747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a continuation of our efforts in the pursuit of novel antiplasmodial agents with optimized properties. Following our previous discovery of biologically potent asymmetric primaquine (PQ) and halogenaniline fumardiamides (1–6), we now report their significant in vitro activity against the hepatic stages of Plasmodium parasites. Furthermore, we successfully prepared chloroquine (CQ) analogue derivatives (11–16) and evaluated their activity against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium. Our results have shown that PQ fumardiamides (1–6) exert both higher activity against P. berghei hepatic stages and lower toxicity against human hepatoma cells than the parent drug and CQ derivatives (11–16). The favourable cytotoxicity profile of the most active compounds, 5 and 6, was corroborated by assays performed on human cells (human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and non-tumour embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T)), even when glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was inhibited. The activity of CQ fumardiamides on P. falciparum erythrocytic stages was higher than that of PQ derivatives, comparable to CQ against CQ-resistant strain PfDd2, but lower than CQ when tested on the CQ-sensitive strain Pf3D7. In addition, both sets of compounds showed favourable drug-like properties. Hence, quinoline fumardiamides could serve as a starting point towards the development of safer and more effective antiplasmodial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of novel mefloquine-based fumardiamides. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:233-248. [PMID: 31259728 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The paper is focused on the synthesis and screening of the antiplasmodial activity of novel fumardiamides 5-10 with the mefloquine pharmacophore and a Michael acceptor motif. Multi-step reactions leading to the title compounds included two amide bond formations. The first amide bond was achieved by the reaction of (E)-ethyl 4-chloro-4-oxobut-2-enoate (1) and N1-(2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl) butane-1,4-diamine (2). The obtained ester 3 was hydrolyzed and gave acid 4, which then reacted with the selected halogenanilines in the presence of HATU/DIEA and formed products 5-10. Title compounds showed marked, dose dependent activity in vitro against hepatic stages of Plasmodium berghei. IC50 values of the most active compounds 5, 7 and 9 bearing 3-fluoro, 3-chloro and 3-trifluoromethyl substituents were 3.04-4.16 µmol L-1, respectively. On the other hand, the compounds exerted only weak activity against the erythrocytic stages of two P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2) in vitro, with the exception of compound 5 (IC50 = 2.9 µmol L-1).
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Kos J, Ku CF, Kapustikova I, Oravec M, Zhang H, Jampilek J. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐2‐Carboxanilides as Antiviral Agents Against Avian Influenza Virus. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyComenius University, Odbojarov 10 Bratislava 83232 Slovakia
| | - Chuen Fai Ku
- School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist University 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Iva Kapustikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyComenius University, Odbojarov 10 Bratislava 83232 Slovakia
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Belidla 986/4a 603 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Hong‐Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist University 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesComenius University, Ilkovicova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular MagnetsRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsFaculty of SciencePalacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
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