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Luo Y, Yang H, Tao G. Systematic review on fingerprinting development to determine adulteration of Chinese herbal medicines. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155667. [PMID: 38728918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been a current research hospots using fingerprinting technology for quality control of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs), which provides a scientific basis for establishment of overall quality control in accordance with the characteristics of CHMs. The fingerprinting technology for CHMs is diverse, and the research field covers many disciplines, such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology, pharmaceutics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. PURPOSE To effectively understand the key areas and future directions of research regarding the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs. METHODS/RESULTS this paper analyzed 879 articles in this field in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2000 to 2023 with CiteSpace and VOSviewer, and systematically assessed the research process, hotspots, topic distribution among disciplines, etc. The most prominent contributors of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research are mainly from China, India, the United States, England, and Brazil. The knowledge domains of fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs research focus mainly on the topics of molecular authentication, DNA barcoding, HPLC, near-infrared spectroscopy, manage data, chemometrics, and electrochemical fingerprinting. Most countries have recognized the pharmaceutical potential of natural products, and have paid more attention to the fingerprint and adulteration of CHMs in the past decade. Future the research tends to focus more on molecular identification and authentication, and electrochemical and chromatographic fingerprinting in controlling the adulteration of CHMs. CONCLUSION This research provides a valuable reference for scholars in related fields to analyze existing research results, understand the development trend, and explore new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdi Luo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangcan Tao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China; School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Kim SH, Lee YH, Jeong MJ, Lee YJ, Eun HR, Kim SM, Baek JW, Noh HH, Shin Y, Choi H. Comparative Biological Half-Life of Penthiopyrad and Tebufenpyrad in Angelica Leaves and Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits (PHRLs). Foods 2024; 13:1742. [PMID: 38890969 PMCID: PMC11172131 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To prevent pesticides from exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs) in crops during export and shipment, it is necessary to manage residue levels during the pre-harvest stages. Therefore, the Republic of Korea establishes pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) per crop and pesticide. This study was conducted to set PHRLs for penthiopyrad and tebufenpyrad in angelica leaves, where the exceedance rates of MRLs are expected to be high. The LOQ of the analytical method used was 0.01 mg/kg and it demonstrated good linearity, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 or higher within the quantitation range of 0.005 to 0.5 mg/kg. The recovery and storage stability accuracy values were in the range of 94.5-111.1%, within the acceptable range (70-120%, RSD ≤ 20%). The matrix effect for both pesticides was in the medium-to-strong range, and it did not significantly impact the quantitative results as a matrix-matched calibration method was employed. Using the validated method, residue concentrations of penthiopyrad 20 (%) EC and tebufenpyrad 10 (%) EC were analyzed. Both pesticides exhibited a decreasing residue trend over time. In Fields 1-3 and their integrated results, the biological half-life was within 2.6-4.0 days for penthiopyrad and 3.0-4.2 days for tebufenpyrad. The minimum value of the regression coefficient in the dissipation curve regression equation was selected as the dissipation constant. The selected dissipation constants for penthiopyrad in Fields 1-3 and their integration were 0.1221, 0.2081, 0.2162, and 0.1960. For tebufenpyrad, the dissipation constants were 0.1451, 0.0960, 0.1725, and 0.1600, respectively. The dissipation constant was used to calculate PHRL per field. Following the principles of the PHRL proposal process, residue levels (%) on PHI dates relative to MRLs were calculated, and fields for proposing PHRLs were selected. For penthiopyrad, since the residue level (%) was less than 20%, the PHRL for Field 3 with the largest dissipation constant was proposed. For tebufenpyrad, as the residue level (%) exceeded 80%, the PHRL proposal could not established. It is deemed necessary to reassess the MRL and 'guidelines for safe use' for tebufenpyrad in angelica leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Mun-Ju Jeong
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ye-Jin Lee
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hye-Ran Eun
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Su-Min Kim
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Jae-Woon Baek
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hyun Ho Noh
- Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; (S.-H.K.)
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
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Ku S, Park G, Jang YP. Two-Dimensional High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography with Bioautography for Distinguishing Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Varieties: Chemical Fingerprinting and Antioxidant Profiling. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1348. [PMID: 38794421 PMCID: PMC11125029 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (ADR) holds a prominent place in traditional medicine for its remarkable antioxidative, anti-allergic, and antiproliferative capabilities. Recognized within the Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP 12th), Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. and Hook.f. ex Franch. and Sav. (AD) and Angelica dahurica var. formosana (H. Boissieu) Yen (ADF) serve as the botanical origins for ADR. Differentiating these two varieties is crucial for the formulation and quality control of botanical drugs, as they are categorized under the same medicinal label. This research utilized two-dimensional high-performance thin-layer chromatography (2D-HPTLC) to effectively distinguish AD from ADF. Additionally, a quantitative analysis reveals significant differences in the concentrations of key active constituents such as oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin, with AD showing higher total coumarin levels. We further enhanced our investigative depth by incorporating a DPPH bioautography, which confirmed known antioxidant coumarins and unearthed previously undetected antioxidant profiles, including byakangelicin, byakangelicol, falcarindiol in both AD and ADF, and notably, 2-linoleoyl glycerol detected only in AD as an antioxidant spot. This comprehensive approach affords a valuable tool set for botanical drug development, emphasizing the critical need for accurate source plant identification and differentiation in ensuring the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Ku
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Geonha Park
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Pyo Jang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Division of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Lin Y, Yao G, Huang C, Chao Z, Tian E. Molecular evidence provides new insights into the evolutionary origin of an ancient traditional Chinese medicine, the domesticated "Baizhi". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1388586. [PMID: 38779069 PMCID: PMC11110842 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1388586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Introduction "Baizhi" is a famous herbal medicine in China, and it includes four landraces named as 'Hangbaizhi', 'Chuanbaizhi', 'Qibaizhi', and 'Yubaizhi'. Long-term artificial selection had caused serious degradation of these germplasms. Determining the wild progenitor of the landraces would be benefit for their breed improvements. Previous studies have suggested Angelica dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana, or A. porphyrocaulis as potential candidates, but the conclusion remains uncertain, and their phylogenetic relationships are still in controversy. Methods In this study, the genetic variation and phylogenetic analyses of these species and four landraces were conducted on the basis of both the nrITS and plastome datasets. Results Genetic variation analysis showed that all 8 population of four landraces shared only one ITS haplotype, meanwhile extremely low variation occurred within 6 population at plastid genome level. Both datasets supported the four landraces might be originated from a single wild germplasm. Phylogenetic analyses with both datasets revealed largely consistent topology using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood methods. Samples of the four landraces and all wild A. dahurica var. dahurica formed a highly supported monophyletic clade, and then sister to the monophyly clade comprised by samples of A. porphyrocaulis, while four landraces were clustered into one clade, which further clustered with a mixed branches of A. porphyrocaulis and A. dahurica var. dahurica to form sister branches for plastid genomes. Furthermore, the monophyletic A. dahurica var. formosana was far distant from the A. dahurica var. dahurica-"Baizhi" clade in Angelica phylogeny. Such inferences was also supported by the evolutionary patterns of nrITS haplotype network and K2P genetic distances. The outcomes indicated A. dahurica var. dahurica is most likely the original plant of "Baizhi". Discussion Considering of phylogenetic inference and evolutionary history, the species-level status of A. dahurica var. formosana should be accepted, and the taxonomic level and phylgenetic position of A. porphyrocaulis should be further confirmed. This study preliminarily determined the wild progenitor of "Baizhi" and clarified the phylogenetic relationships among A. dahurica var. dahurica, A. dahurica var. formosana and A. porphyrocaulis, which will provide scientific guidance for wild resources protections and improvement of "Baizhi".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Yao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enwei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Preparation Technology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kim WJ, Noh S, Choi G, Moon BC. Rapid Identification of Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Radicis Cortex Using a SCAR Marker-Based Conventional PCR Assay. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2870. [PMID: 36365322 PMCID: PMC9653921 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniae Radix is a herbal medicine prepared from the dried roots of Paeonia lactiflora, P. anomala subsp. veitchii, and P. japonica. Although the herbal medicines prepared from these species are morphologically similar, they have different pharmacological effects depending on how they are processed. In addition, P. japonica is more expensive than other Paeonia spp. in the Korean herbal market. Although there is a clear difference between the Korean and Chinese pharmacopeias of Paeoniae Radix, the processed roots of P. lactiflora and P. anomala subsp. veitchii are commonly used indiscriminately in the herbal market. Moreover, Paeonia suffruticosa, an allied genus of P. lactiflora, is prescribed as Moutan Radicis Cortex. Therefore, accurate taxonomic identification of plant species is vital for quality assurance. A genetic assay is a reliable tool for accurately discriminating species in processed herbal medicines. To develop a genetic assay for the identification of four Paeonia species (P. lactiflora, P. anomala subsp. veitchii, P. japonica, and P. suffruticosa), we analyzed the sequences of two DNA barcoding regions, internal transcribed spacer and rbcL. A conventional PCR assay was established in this study for simple and rapid species identification using sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers based on arbitrary nucleotide-containing primers. This assay was verified to be species specific and highly sensitive and could be applied to Paeonia species identification at an affordable rate.
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Emerging biotechnology applications in natural product and synthetic pharmaceutical analyses. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4075-4097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kim WJ, Yang S, Choi G, Park I, Noh P, Kim MJ, Moon BC. Accurate and Rapid Identification of Longan Arillus and Litchi Semen by a Multiplex PCR Assay. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080948. [PMID: 32731322 PMCID: PMC7464683 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, and Nephelium lappaceum are commercially valuable subtropical and tropical fruits of the Sapindaceae family. Arillus and seeds of the three species have very similar morphologies; however, the arillus of D. longan is used as the herbal medicine Longan Arillus and seeds of L. chinensis are used as Litchi Semen in Korean and Chinese pharmacopoeias. The adulteration of herbal medicines with inauthentic species, including the use of Aril and seed fractions acquired from a single species for two herbal medicines (e.g., Longan Arillus and Litchi Semen), is often driven by economic motives. DNA markers are a tool for the detection of adulterants in commercial products. To establish rapid and reliable assays for the genetic identification of authentic Longan Arillus and Litchi Semen, we developed DNA markers with high specificity and sensitivity based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. The newly developed DNA markers and multiplex PCR assay may contribute to efforts to protect against adulteration, quality control, and the standardization of herbal medicines.
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Kringel DH, El Halal SLM, Zavareze EDR, Dias ARG. Methods for the Extraction of Roots, Tubers, Pulses, Pseudocereals, and Other Unconventional Starches Sources: A Review. STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dianini Hüttner Kringel
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010–900 Brazil
| | | | | | - Alvaro Renato Guerra Dias
- Department of Agroindustrial Science and Technology Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010–900 Brazil
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Shi B, Liu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Jia P, Bian L, Zheng X. Effect of co-administration of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on pharmacokinetic fate of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2349-2362. [PMID: 32222035 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A combination of Angelicae Dahuricae Radix and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma has been widely used as the herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine to treat stroke, migraine, and epilepsy. However, the underlying synergistic mechanism of the herb pair remains unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil on the pharmacokinetic parameters of xanthotoxol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, and byakangelicin from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in rat, and in vitro absorption behavior of the three compounds using rat everted gut sac, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion, and Caco-2 cell monolayer models. The pharmacokinetic study exhibited clear changes in the key pharmacokinetic parameters of the three main coumarins through co-administering with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (50 mg/kg), the area under curve and the maximum plasma concentration of xanthotoxol increased 1.36 and 1.31 times; the area under curve, the maximum plasma concentration, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and the time to reach peak concentration of oxypeucedanin hydrate increased by 1.35, 1.18, 1.24, 1.19 and 1.49 times, respectively; the area under curve, mean residence time, half-life of elimination, and time to reach peak concentration of byakangelicin climbed 1.29, 1.27, 1.37, and 1.28 times, respectively. The three coumarin components were absorbed well in the jejunum and ileum in the intestinal perfusion model, when co-administered with Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil (100 μg/mL). The in vivo and in vitro experiments showed good relevance and consistency. The results demonstrated that the three coumarin compounds from Angelicae Dahuricae Radix were absorbed through the active transportation, and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma volatile oil could promote the intestinal absorption and transport of these compounds by inhibiting P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baimei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China.,District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710100, P. R. China
| | - Shixiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Liujiao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education/College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, P. R. China
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Noh P, Kim WJ, Song JH, Park I, Choi G, Moon BC. Rapid and Simple Species Identification of Cicada Exuviae Using COI-Based SCAR Assay. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030168. [PMID: 32155837 PMCID: PMC7143061 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cicadidae periostracum (CP), the medicinal name of cicada exuviae, is well-known insect-derived traditional medicine with various pharmacological effects, e.g., anticonvulsive, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and anticancer effects; it is also beneficial for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. For appropriate CP application, accurate species identification is essential. The Korean pharmacopoeia and the pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China define Cryptotympana atrata as the only authentic source of CP. Species identification of commercially distributed CP based on morphological features, however, is difficult because of the combined packaging of many cicada exuviae in markets, damage during distribution, and processing into powder form. DNA-based molecular markers are an excellent alternative to morphological detection. In this study, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of C. atrata, Meimuna opalifera, Platypleura kaempferi, and Hyalessa maculaticollis were analyzed. On the basis of sequence alignments, we developed sequence-characterized amplified-region (SCAR) markers for efficient species identification. These markers successfully discriminated C. atrata from the three other cicada species, and detected the adulteration of market CP samples. This SCAR assay is a rapid, simple, cheap, reliable, and reproducible method for species identification, regardless of sample form and status, and contributes to CP quality control.
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Urumarudappa SKJ, Tungphatthong C, Sukrong S. Mitigating the Impact of Admixtures in Thai Herbal Products. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1205. [PMID: 31749698 PMCID: PMC6843083 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants and their products are extensively used within indigenous healthcare systems in Thailand and several other nations. The international trade of herbal products has a noteworthy impact on the worldwide economy, and the interest in herbal products is expanding in both developing and developed countries. There has been rapid growth in the medicinal plant product market and a broadening consumer base interested in herbal products from Thailand. However, in herbal industries, ingredient substitution and admixture are typical issues wherein species of lower market value are admixed with those of a higher value. The adverse consequences of consuming adulterated drugs are invariably due to the presence of an unintended herb rather than the presence of an intended herb. It has also been argued that admixtures are intentional because of the lack of regulatory policies or centralized tests for product authentication. The consequences of species admixtures can extend from the reduced efficacy of a drug to decreased trade value. This study aims to clarify the nature and extent of species admixtures reported in the Thai herbal trade market and discuss the potential reasons for such adulteration. In the broader context of species admixtures, we strongly propose the establishment of multiple herbal crude drug repositories that can be developed to facilitate the use of comparative identity tests by industry, traders, and researchers to maintain authentic natural health product (NHP) standards and to certify the authenticity of NHPs. The proposition of the establishment of centralized testing (CT) could be a promising initiative in Thailand for the development of science and technology, and the herbal medicines produced as a result of CT could be dispensed as prescription drugs based on disease consideration instead of as health foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Kumar J Urumarudappa
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayapol Tungphatthong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim WJ, Yang S, Choi G, Park I, Noh P, Seo C, Moon BC. Development of conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays to discriminate the origins of Chinese pepper oil and herbal materials from Zanthoxylum. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2021-2029. [PMID: 30370936 PMCID: PMC6590328 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ensure the safety, quality and therapeutic efficacy of processed foods and herbal medicines, it is important to identify and discriminate economically motivated adulterants. Zanthoxylum schinifolium is sold at a higher price than other Zanthoxylum species and is frequently adulterated with closely related Zanthoxylum species because of its high demand as a Korean food ingredient and medicinal material in markets. In addition, the pericarps of three Zanthoxylum species (Z. schinifolium, Z. bungeanum and Z. piperitum) are defined as herbal medicine Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in Korean pharmacopoeias, but not Z. piperitum in Chinese pharmacopoeias. Further confusion arises in the morphological similarity between Z. armatum (adulterant) and Z. bungeanum. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker for discrimination of four Zanthoxylum species. RESULTS With the goal of developing rapid and reliable tools for genetic discrimination of authentic Zanthoxyli Pericarpium, we designed species-specific SCAR markers, based on ITS2 sequences, that generate amplicons of less than 200 bp. Using these markers, we established both conventional and real-time PCR assay methods capable of differentiating samples at the species level. We validated the ability of SCAR markers to authenticate edible oil and herbal medicine, and confirmed that some herbal medicines contaminated with Z. armatum are being distributed as Zanthoxyli Pericarpium in Korean and Chinese markets. CONCLUSIONS The SCAR markers and PCR methods described represent powerful tools for protecting against adulteration and ensuring standardization of processed foods and herbal medicine. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook Jin Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Sungyu Yang
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Goya Choi
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Park
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Pureum Noh
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Seob Seo
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Research DivisionKorea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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