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Guzmán F, Gauna A, Roman T, Luna O, Álvarez C, Pareja-Barrueto C, Mercado L, Albericio F, Cárdenas C. Tea Bags for Fmoc Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: An Example of Circular Economy. Molecules 2021; 26:5035. [PMID: 34443624 PMCID: PMC8399505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide synthesis is an area with a wide field of application, from biomedicine to nanotechnology, that offers the option of simultaneously synthesizing a large number of sequences for the purpose of preliminary screening, which is a powerful tool. Nevertheless, standard protocols generate large volumes of solvent waste. Here, we present a protocol for the multiple Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis in tea bags, where reagent recycling steps are included. Fifty-two peptides with wide amino acid composition and seven to twenty amino acid residues in length were synthesized in less than three weeks. A clustering analysis was performed, grouping the peptides by physicochemical features. Although a relationship between the overall yield and the physicochemical features of the sequences was not established, the process showed good performance despite sequence diversity. The recycling system allowed to reduce N, N-dimethylformamide usage by 25-30% and reduce the deprotection reagent usage by 50%. This protocol has been optimized for the simultaneous synthesis of a large number of peptide sequences. Additionally, a reagent recycling system was included in the procedure, which turns the process into a framework of circular economy, without affecting the quality of the products obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Adriana Gauna
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | - Tanya Roman
- Doctorado en Biotecnología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile; (A.G.); (T.R.)
| | - Omar Luna
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Department of Organic Chemistry and CIBER-BBN, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética Marina (FIGEMA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo 1781421, Chile;
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1781421, Chile
| | - Claudia Pareja-Barrueto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Luis Mercado
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Department of Organic Chemistry and CIBER-BBN, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Constanza Cárdenas
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile;
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Liu Y, Lin T, Valencia MV, Zhang C, Lv Z. Unraveling the Roles of Vascular Proteins Using Proteomics. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030667. [PMID: 33514014 PMCID: PMC7865979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular bundles play important roles in transporting nutrients, growth signals, amino acids, and proteins between aerial and underground tissues. In order to understand these sophisticated processes, a comprehensive analysis of the roles of the components located in the vascular tissues is required. A great deal of data has been obtained from proteomic analyses of vascular tissues in plants, which mainly aim to identify the proteins moving through the vascular tissues. Here, different aspects of the phloem and xylem proteins are reviewed, including their collection methods, and their main biological roles in growth, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. The study of vascular proteomics shows great potential to contribute to our understanding of the biological mechanisms related to development and defense in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tianbao Lin
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Maria Valderrama Valencia
- Departamento Académico de Biología–Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa Nro117, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Cankui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (Y.L.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Z.L.)
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