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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2367-2419. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ansari MM, Sahu SK, Singh TG, Singh SRJ, Kaur P. Evolving significance of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176816. [PMID: 39038637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative problem with progressive loss of memory and other cognitive function disorders resulting in the imbalance of neurotransmitter activity and signaling progression, which poses the need of the potential therapeutic target to improve the intracellular signaling cascade brought by kinases. Protein kinase plays a significant and multifaceted role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, by targeting pathological mechanisms like tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta production and synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we thoroughly explore the essential protein kinases involved in Alzheimer's disease, detailing their physiological roles, regulatory impacts, and the newest inhibitors and compounds that are progressing into clinical trials. All the findings of studies exhibited the promising role of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. However, it still poses the need of addressing current challenges and opportunities involved with this disorder for the future perspective of kinase inhibitors in the management of Alzheimer's disease. Further study includes the development of biomarkers, combination therapy, and next-generation kinase inhibitors with increased potency and selectivity for its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mustafiz Ansari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sovia R J Singh
- University Language Centre- Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
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3
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Uzunhisarcıklı E, Çelik İ, Yerer MB. Detection of natural compounds by virtual screening, molecular docking and dynamics studies and evaluation of their effects on tau level in vitro Alzheimer's model. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:384-392. [PMID: 36946204 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and tau hyperphosphorylation reduces microtubule binding. Many protein kinases are thought to be involved in tau hyperphosphorylation. Based on the fact that tau hyperphosphorylation can be prevented by inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is one of the tau kinases, the effectiveness of potential GSK-3β inhibitors determined by virtual screening, molecular docking, and dynamics simulations studies on Alzheimer's pathology has been examined and its role in neurodegeneration has been investigated by studies. Neomangiferin was determined as the most effective molecule according to the results of studies with potential compounds determined by virtual screening and molecular docking to be GSK-3β inhibitors in the in vitro Alzheimer's model created by neuronal differentiation studies. Neomangiferin has been shown to have a protective role in induced neurodegeneration by the MTT method and Real Time Cell Analysis. It has been determined that Neomangiferin inhibits GSK-3β and reduces the level of phosphorylated tau. In summary, our findings suggested Neomangiferin can be a therapeutic candidate for AD treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Uzunhisarcıklı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - İsmail Çelik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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4
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Stylianopoulou E, Daviti A, Giourou V, Gerasimidi E, Nikolaou A, Kourkoutas Y, Grigoriou ME, Paleologou KE, Skavdis G. Assessment of the Anti-Amyloidogenic Properties of Essential Oils and Their Constituents in Cells Using a Whole-Cell Recombinant Biosensor. Brain Sci 2023; 14:35. [PMID: 38248250 PMCID: PMC10812981 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils exhibit numerous medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Recent studies also indicate that certain essential oils demonstrate anti-amyloidogenic activity against β-amyloid, the protein implicated in Alzheimer's disease. To investigate whether the anti-aggregating properties of essential oils extend to α-synuclein, the protein involved in Parkinson's disease, we constructed and employed a whole-cell biosensor based on the split-luciferase complementation assay. We validated our biosensor by using baicalein, a known inhibitor of α-synuclein aggregation, and subsequently we tested eight essential oils commonly used in food and the hygienic industry. Two of them, citron and sage, along with their primary components, pure linalool (the main constituent in citron essential oil) and pure eucalyptol (1,8-cineole, the main constituent in sage essential oil), were able to reduce α-syn aggregation. These findings suggest that both essential oils and their main constituents could be regarded as potential components in functional foods or incorporated into complementary Parkinson's disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Electra Stylianopoulou
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.S.); (A.D.); (E.G.); (M.E.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation & Diagnostic Technology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Daviti
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.S.); (A.D.); (E.G.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Venetia Giourou
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation & Diagnostic Technology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Eleni Gerasimidi
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.S.); (A.D.); (E.G.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Anastasios Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yiannis Kourkoutas
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (A.N.); (Y.K.)
| | - Maria E. Grigoriou
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.S.); (A.D.); (E.G.); (M.E.G.)
| | - Katerina E. Paleologou
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece; (E.S.); (A.D.); (E.G.); (M.E.G.)
| | - George Skavdis
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation & Diagnostic Technology, Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
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Cecon E, Oishi A, Luka M, Ndiaye-Lobry D, François A, Lescuyer M, Panayi F, Dam J, Machado P, Jockers R. Novel repertoire of tau biosensors to monitor pathological tau transformation and seeding activity in living cells. eLife 2023; 12:78360. [PMID: 36917493 PMCID: PMC10014071 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregates of the tau protein are a well-known hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, collectively referred to as tauopathies, including frontal temporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Monitoring the transformation process of tau from physiological monomers into pathological oligomers or aggregates in a high-throughput, quantitative manner and in a cellular context is still a major challenge in the field. Identifying molecules able to interfere with those processes is of high therapeutic interest. Here, we developed a series of inter- and intramolecular tau biosensors based on the highly sensitive Nanoluciferase (Nluc) binary technology (NanoBiT) able to monitor the pathological conformational change and self-interaction of tau in living cells. Our repertoire of tau biosensors reliably reports i. molecular proximity of physiological full-length tau at microtubules; ii. changes in tau conformation and self-interaction associated with tau phosphorylation, as well as iii. tau interaction induced by seeds of recombinant tau or from mouse brain lysates of a mouse model of tau pathology. By comparing biosensors comprising different tau forms (i.e. full-length or short fragments, wild-type, or the disease-associated tau(P301L) variant) further insights into the tau transformation process are obtained. Proof-of-concept data for the high-throughput suitability and identification of molecules interfering with the pathological tau transformation processes are presented. This novel repertoire of tau biosensors is aimed to boost the disclosure of molecular mechanisms underlying pathological tau transformation in living cells and to discover new drug candidates for tau-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | | | | | - Mathias Lescuyer
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université de ParisParisFrance
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Towards a Mechanistic Model of Tau-Mediated Pathology in Tauopathies: What Can We Learn from Cell-Based In Vitro Assays? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911527. [PMID: 36232835 PMCID: PMC9570106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the hyperphosphorylation and deposition of tau proteins in the brain. In Alzheimer’s disease, and other related tauopathies, the pattern of tau deposition follows a stereotypical progression between anatomically connected brain regions. Increasing evidence suggests that tau behaves in a “prion-like” manner, and that seeding and spreading of pathological tau drive progressive neurodegeneration. Although several advances have been made in recent years, the exact cellular and molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Since there are no effective therapies for any tauopathy, there is a growing need for reliable experimental models that would provide us with better knowledge and understanding of their etiology and identify novel molecular targets. In this review, we will summarize the development of cellular models for modeling tau pathology. We will discuss their different applications and contributions to our current understanding of the “prion-like” nature of pathological tau.
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7
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Novel effective small-molecule inhibitors of protein kinases related to tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1175-1186. [PMID: 35920260 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs in therapy are limited to acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine. Newly developed drugs against a single target structure have an insufficient effect on symptomatic AD patients. Results: Novel aromatically anellated pyridofuranes have been evaluated for inhibition of AD-relevant protein kinases cdk1, cdk2, gsk-3b and Fyn. Best activities have been found for naphthopyridofuranes with a hydroxyl function as part of the 5-substituent and a hydrogen or halogen substituent in the 8-position. Best results in nanomolar ranges were found for benzopyridofuranes with a 6-hydroxy and a 3-alkoxy substitution or an exclusive 6-alkoxy substituent. Conclusion: First lead compounds were identified inhibiting two to three kinases in nanomolar ranges to be qualified as an innovative approach for AD multitargeting.
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8
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Demuro S, Sauvey C, Tripathi SK, Di Martino RMC, Shi D, Ortega JA, Russo D, Balboni B, Giabbai B, Storici P, Girotto S, Abagyan R, Cavalli A. ARN25068, a versatile starting point towards triple GSK-3β/FYN/DYRK1A inhibitors to tackle tau-related neurological disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114054. [PMID: 34959172 PMCID: PMC9704499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human kinome plays a crucial role in several pathways. Its dysregulation has been linked to diverse central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders with a drastic impact on the aging population. Among them, tauopathies, such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Frontotemporal Lobar degeneration (FTLD-tau), are neurodegenerative disorders pathologically defined by the presence of hyperphosphorylated tau-positive intracellular inclusions known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Compelling evidence has reported the great potential of the simultaneous modulation of multiple protein kinases (PKs) involved in abnormal tau phosphorylation through a concerted pharmacological approach to achieve a superior therapeutic effect relative to classic "one target, one drug" approaches. Here, we report on the identification and characterization of ARN25068 (4), a low nanomolar and well-balanced dual GSK-3β and FYN inhibitor, which also shows inhibitory activity against DYRK1A, an emerging target in AD and tauopathies. Computational and X-Ray studies highlight compound 4's typical H-bonding pattern of ATP-competitive inhibitors at the binding sites of all three PKs. In a tau phosphorylation assay on Tau0N4R-TM-tGFP U2OS cell line, 4 reduces the extent of tau phosphorylation, promoting tau-stabilized microtubule bundles. In conclusion, this compound emerges as a promising prototype for further SAR explorations to develop potent and well-balanced triple GSK-3β/FYN/DYRK1A inhibitors to tackle tau hyperphosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Demuro
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Conall Sauvey
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Shailesh K Tripathi
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rita M C Di Martino
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Da Shi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Jose A Ortega
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Debora Russo
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Balboni
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Giabbai
- Protein Facility, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14 - Km 163, 5 in AREA Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Storici
- Protein Facility, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14 - Km 163, 5 in AREA Science Park, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefania Girotto
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States.
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy; Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Wang R, Yan W, Du M, Tao L, Liu J. The effect of physical activity interventions on cognition function in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3443. [PMID: 33616310 PMCID: PMC8519002 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, studies have revealed that cognition may be impaired by glucose metabolism disorder. Meanwhile, physical activity has been demonstrated to maintain blood glucose. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of physical activity on cognition in patients with diabetes and provide evidence for the treatment of cognition impairment among them. METHODS We searched studies published in five databases from 1 January 1984 to 29 August 2020. A random-effect or fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled effect of physical activity on the change of cognition throughout intervention duration and post-intervention cognition scores by standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We used funnel plots to evaluate the publication bias, I2 statistic to evaluate the heterogeneity and did subgroup analysis stratified by sample size and follow-up time. RESULTS Five eligible studies involving 2581 patients with diabetes were included. The pooled effect of physical activity on cognition improvement in patients with diabetes was significant (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.34-1.62), while the effect on post-intervention cognition scores was not significant (SMD = 0.35, 95% CI: -0.04-0.73). In the subgroup analysis, the pooled effect was significantly higher in studies of follow-up time less than 1 year (SMD = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.63-2.64), while observing no significant effect in studies of follow-up time over 1 year (SMD = 0.10, 95% CI: -0.11-0.32). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity is beneficial to improving cognition in patients with diabetes. However, the long-term effect needs to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitong Wang
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Min Du
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liyuan Tao
- Research Center of Clinical EpidemiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jue Liu
- School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Lo CH. Recent advances in cellular biosensor technology to investigate tau oligomerization. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10231. [PMID: 34589603 PMCID: PMC8459642 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule binding protein which plays an important role in physiological functions but it is also involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. While insoluble and β-sheet containing tau neurofibrillary tangles have been the histopathological hallmark of these diseases, recent studies suggest that soluble tau oligomers, which are formed prior to fibrils, are the primary toxic species. Substantial efforts have been made to generate tau oligomers using purified recombinant protein strategies to study oligomer conformations as well as their toxicity. However, no specific toxic tau species has been identified to date, potentially due to the lack of cellular environment. Hence, there is a need for cell-based models for direct monitoring of tau oligomerization and aggregation. This review will summarize the recent advances in the cellular biosensor technology, with a focus on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and split luciferase complementation approaches, to monitor formation of tau oligomers and aggregates in living cells. We will discuss the applications of the cellular biosensors in examining the heterogeneous tau conformational ensembles and factors affecting tau self-assembly, as well as detecting cell-to-cell propagation of tau pathology. We will also compare the advantages and limitations of each type of tau biosensors, and highlight their translational applications in biomarker development and therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Hung Lo
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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11
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GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A: Master Regulators in Neurodegenerative Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169098. [PMID: 34445804 PMCID: PMC8396491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) have been recognized as central nervous system (CNS)-disease-relevant targets due to their master regulatory role in different signal transduction cascades in the neuroscience space. Among them, GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A play a crucial role in the neurodegeneration context, and the deregulation of all three PKs has been linked to different CNS disorders with unmet medical needs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and several neuromuscular disorders. The multifactorial nature of these diseases, along with the failure of many advanced CNS clinical trials, and the lengthy approval process of a novel CNS drug have strongly limited the CNS drug discovery. However, in the near-decade from 2010 to 2020, several computer-assisted drug design strategies have been combined with synthetic efforts to develop potent and selective GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A inhibitors as disease-modifying agents. In this review, we described both structural and functional aspects of GSK-3β, FYN, and DYRK1A and their involvement and crosstalk in different CNS pathological signaling pathways. Moreover, we outlined attractive medicinal chemistry approaches including multi-target drug design strategies applied to overcome some limitations of known PKs inhibitors and discover improved modulators with suitable blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and drug-like properties.
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12
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When Good Kinases Go Rogue: GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKs as Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's and Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115911. [PMID: 34072862 PMCID: PMC8199025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a mostly sporadic brain disorder characterized by cognitive decline resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex whereas Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic inherited disorder characterized by motor abnormalities and psychiatric disturbances resulting from selective neurodegeneration in the striatum. Although there have been numerous clinical trials for these diseases, they have been unsuccessful. Research conducted over the past three decades by a large number of laboratories has demonstrated that abnormal actions of common kinases play a key role in the pathogenesis of both AD and HD as well as several other neurodegenerative diseases. Prominent among these kinases are glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and some of the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). After a brief summary of the molecular and cell biology of AD and HD this review covers what is known about the role of these three groups of kinases in the brain and in the pathogenesis of the two neurodegenerative disorders. The potential of targeting GSK3, p38 MAPK and CDKS as effective therapeutics is also discussed as is a brief discussion on the utilization of recently developed drugs that simultaneously target two or all three of these groups of kinases. Multi-kinase inhibitors either by themselves or in combination with strategies currently being used such as immunotherapy or secretase inhibitors for AD and knockdown for HD could represent a more effective therapeutic approach for these fatal neurodegenerative diseases.
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13
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Zhang Q, Yang F, Liao S, Wang B, Li R, Dong Y, Zhou M, Yang Y, Xu G. Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationship of Fusaric Acid Analogs. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing‐Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Guiyang Guizhou 550004 China
| | - Fei‐Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Shang‐Gao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Biology & Engineering Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Yong‐Xi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM Ministry of Education & Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics Guiyang Guizhou 550004 China
| | - Yuan‐Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
| | - Guo‐Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University Guian New District Guizhou 550025 China
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14
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Zhao B, Wang Y, Liu R, Jia XL, Hu N, An XW, Zheng CG, Chen C, Sun HT, Chen F, Wang JJ, Li XH. Rutaecarpine Ameliorated High Sucrose-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Like Pathological and Cognitive Impairments in Mice. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:181-190. [PMID: 32892706 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High sucrose can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction/memory impairment as observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rutaecarpine, a specific (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 [TRPV1]) agonist, is neuroprotective against high sucrose diet-induced impairment, but detailed mechanisms are still elusive. In this study, we investigated whether rutaecarpine mitigates high sucrose diet-induced pathological alterations and cognitive in AD-like mice. Mice were administered fodder containing 0.01% rutaecarpine and 20% sucrose solution. Our results showed that rutaecarpine significantly attenuated high sucrose diet-induced spatial memory impairment and enhanced synaptic plasticity; rutaecarpine prevented high sucrose diet-induced tau hyperphosphorylation by decreasing glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity; activation of GSK-3β reversed the protective effect of rutaecarpine on learning and memory deficits, synaptic plasticity, and tau hyperphosphorylation induced by high-glucose diet significantly, suggesting that GSK-3β activation is required for high glucose-induced tau hyperphosphorylation. These results demonstrated that rutaecarpine can mitigate high sucrose diet-induced hyperphosphorylation of AD-associated tau protein and cognitive impairment by inhibiting GSK-3β, which supported that dietary rutaecarpine might have a promising use for therapeutic intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, Tianjin Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Li Jia
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xing-Wei An
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen-Guang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Tao Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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15
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Toral-Rios D, Pichardo-Rojas PS, Alonso-Vanegas M, Campos-Peña V. GSK3β and Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease and Epilepsy. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:19. [PMID: 32256316 PMCID: PMC7089874 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia present in older adults; its etiology involves genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between AD and chronic epilepsy since a considerable number of patients with AD may present seizures later on. Although the pathophysiology of seizures in AD is not completely understood, it could represent the result of several molecular mechanisms linked to amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) accumulation and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which may induce an imbalance in the release and recapture of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, structural alterations of the neuronal cytoskeleton, synaptic loss, and neuroinflammation. These changes could favor the recurrent development of hypersynchronous discharges and epileptogenesis, which, in a chronic state, favor the neurodegenerative process and influence the cognitive decline observed in AD. Supporting this correlation, histopathological studies in the brain tissue of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients have revealed the presence of Aβ deposits and the accumulation of tau protein in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), accompanied by an increase of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) activity that may lead to an imminent alteration in posttranslational modifications of some microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), mainly tau. The present review is focused on understanding the pathological aspects of GSK3β and tau in the development of TLE and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danira Toral-Rios
- Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pavel S Pichardo-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Mario Alonso-Vanegas
- Centro Internacional de Cirug#x000ED;a de Epilepsia, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, HMG, Hospital Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Victoria Campos-Peña
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Teixeira JP, de Castro AA, Soares FV, da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC. Future Therapeutic Perspectives into the Alzheimer's Disease Targeting the Oxidative Stress Hypothesis. Molecules 2019; 24:E4410. [PMID: 31816853 PMCID: PMC6930470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is usually accompanied by aging, increasingly being the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. This disorder is characterized by the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques (Aβ) resulting from impaired amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, together with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. The exacerbated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggers the process called oxidative stress, which increases neuronal cell abnormalities, most often followed by apoptosis, leading to cognitive dysfunction and dementia. In this context, the development of new therapies for the AD treatment is necessary. Antioxidants, for instance, are promising species for prevention and treatment because they are capable of disrupting the radical chain reaction, reducing the production of ROS. These species have also proven to be adjunctive to conventional treatments making them more effective. In this sense, several recently published works have focused their attention on oxidative stress and antioxidant species. Therefore, this review seeks to show the most relevant findings of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssika P. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Alexandre A. de Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Flávia V. Soares
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Elaine F. F. da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
| | - Teodorico C. Ramalho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras, 37200-000 Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (J.P.T.); (A.A.d.C.); (F.V.S.); (E.F.F.d.C.)
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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17
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Lucke-Wold B. Understanding the link between traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:S70. [PMID: 30613645 PMCID: PMC6291599 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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