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Lim SJ, Muhd Noor ND, Sabri S, Mohamad Ali MS, Salleh AB, Oslan SN. Features of the rare pathogen Meyerozyma guilliermondii strain SO and comprehensive in silico analyses of its adherence-contributing virulence factor agglutinin-like sequences. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38189364 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Meyerozyma guilliermondii is a rare yeast pathogen contributing to the deadly invasive candidiasis. M. guilliermondii strain SO, as a promising protein expression host, showed 99% proteome similarity with the clinically isolated ATCC 6260 (type strain) in a recent comparative genomic analysis. However, their in vitro virulence features and in vivo pathogenicity were uncharacterized. This study aimed to characterize the in vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of M. guilliermondii strain SO and analyze its Als proteins (MgAls) via comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. M. guilliermondii strain SO showed lower and higher sensitivity towards β-mercaptoethanol and lithium, respectively than the avirulent S. cerevisiae but exhibited the same tolerance towards cell wall-perturbing Congo Red with C. albicans. With 7.5× higher biofilm mass, M. guilliermondii strain SO also demonstrated 75% higher mortality rate in the zebrafish embryos with a thicker biofilm layer on the chorion compared to the avirulent S. cerevisiae. Being one of the most important Candida adhesins, sequence and structural analyses of four statistically identified MgAls showed that MgAls1056 was predicted to exhibit the most conserved amyloid-forming regions, tandem repeat domain and peptide binding cavity (PBC) compared to C. albicans Als3. Favoured from the predicted largest ligand binding site and druggable pockets, it showed the highest affinity towards hepta-threonine. Non-PBC druggable pockets in the most potent virulence contributing MgAls1056 provide new insights into developing antifungal drugs targeting non-albicans Candida spp. Virtual screening of available synthetic or natural bioactive compounds and MgAls1056 deletion from the fungal genome should be further performed and validated experimentally.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Jie Lim
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Dina Muhd Noor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriana Sabri
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme Technology and X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology (EMTech) Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Trotsko N. Thiazolidin-4-Ones as a Promising Scaffold in the Development of Antibiofilm Agents-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:325. [PMID: 38203498 PMCID: PMC10778874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidin-4-ones have a broad range of medical and clinical implementation, which is important for pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. This heterocyclic core has been reported to possess a diversity of bioactivities, including antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming potential. The resistance of biofilms to antibiotics or disinfectants is a serious medical problem. Therefore, there is a natural need to discover new effective structures with properties that inhibit biofilm formation. This review aims to analyze the antibiofilm features of thiazolidin-4-ones described in the literature over the last two decades. The information gathered in this review could benefit the rational design of new effective antibiofilm small molecules with thiazolidin-4-one cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Trotsko
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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David H, Solomon AP. Molecular association of Candida albicans and vulvovaginal candidiasis: focusing on a solution. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1245808. [PMID: 37900321 PMCID: PMC10611527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1245808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans-mediated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a significant challenge in clinical settings, owing to the inefficacy of current antifungals in modulating virulence, development of resistance, and poor penetration into the biofilm matrix. Various predisposition factors are molecular drivers that lead to the dysbiosis of normal microflora of the vagina, upregulation of central metabolic pathways, morphogenesis, hyphal extension, adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation leading to chronic infection and recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanism behind the virulence pathways driven by those drivers to decode the drug targets. Finding innovative solutions targeting fungal virulence/biofilm may potentiate the antifungals at low concentrations without affecting the recurrence of resistance. With this background, the present review details the critical molecular drivers and associated network of virulence pathways, possible drug targets, target-specific inhibitors, and probable mode of drug delivery to cross the preclinical phase by appropriate in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adline Princy Solomon
- Quorum Sensing Laboratory, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India
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Yin W, Zhang Z, Shuai X, Zhou X, Yin D. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) Inhibits Cross-Kingdom Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157822. [PMID: 35980199 PMCID: PMC9602599 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01578-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans exhibit strong cariogenicity through cross-kingdom biofilm formation during the pathogenesis of dental caries. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural compound, has potential antimicrobial effects on each species individually, but there are no reports of its effect on this dual-species biofilm. This study aimed to explore the effects of CAPE on cariogenic biofilm formation by S. mutans and C. albicans and the related mechanisms. The effect of CAPE on planktonic cell growth was investigated, and crystal violet staining, the anthrone-sulfuric acid assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to evaluate biofilm formation. The structures of the formed biofilms were observed using scanning electron microscopy. To explain the antimicrobial effect of CAPE, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to monitor the relative expression levels of cariogenic genes. Finally, the biocompatibility of CAPE in human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The results showed that CAPE suppressed the growth, biofilm formation and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) synthesis of C. albicans and S. mutans in the coculture system of the two species. The expression of the gtf gene was also suppressed by CAPE. The efficacy of CAPE was concentration dependent, and the compound exhibited acceptable biocompatibility. Our research lays the foundation for further study of the application of the natural compound CAPE as a potential antimicrobial agent to control dental caries-associated cross-kingdom biofilms. IMPORTANCE Severe dental caries is a multimicrobial infectious disease that is strongly induced by the cross-kingdom biofilm formed by S. mutans and C. albicans. This study aimed to investigate the potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) as a natural product in the prevention of severe caries. This study clarified the inhibitory effect of CAPE on cariogenic biofilm formation and the control of cariogenic genes. It deepens our understanding of the synergistic cariogenic effect of S. mutans and C. albicans and provides a new perspective for the prevention and control of dental caries with CAPE. These findings may contribute to the development of CAPE as a promising antimicrobial agent targeting this caries-related cross-kingdom biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xinxing Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Derong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Novel N-{4-[(4-Bromophenyl)sulfonyl]benzoyl}-L-valine Derivatives. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present the design and synthesis of novel compounds, containing in their molecules an L-valine residue and a 4-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl moiety, which belong to N-acyl-α-amino acids, 4H-1,3-oxazol-5-ones, 2-acylamino ketones, and 1,3-oxazoles chemotypes. The synthesized compounds were characterized through elemental analysis, MS, NMR, UV/VIS, and FTIR spectroscopic techniques, the data obtained are in accordance with the assigned structures. Their purities were verified by reversed-phase HPLC. The new compounds were tested for antimicrobial action against bacterial and fungal strains for antioxidant activity by DPPH, ABTS, and ferric reducing power assays, and for toxicity on freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna Straus. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed concerning the potential antimicrobial effect and toxicity. The results of antimicrobial activity, antioxidant effect, and toxicity assays, as well as of in silico analysis revealed a promising potential of N-{4-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]benzoyl}-L-valine and 2-{4-[(4-bromophenyl)sulfonyl]phenyl}-4-isopropyl-4H-1,3-oxazol-5-one for developing novel antimicrobial agents to fight Gram-positive pathogens, and particularly Enterococcus faecium biofilm-associated infections.
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Marc G, Stana A, Pîrnău A, Vlase L, Oniga S, Oniga O. Regioselectivity evaluation of the (Z)-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4‑dione alkylation in alkaline environment. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, Brown AJP. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa060. [PMID: 33232448 PMCID: PMC8100220 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Leovigildo-Rey Alaban
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayoni Chakraborty
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Cole
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Valentine
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoan Emritloll
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter A Warn
- Magic Bullet Consulting, Biddlecombe House, Ugbrook, Chudleigh Devon, TQ130AD, UK
| | - Frédéric Bequet
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF0545, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roget
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thomas
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Thoral
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Atriwal T, Azeem K, Husain FM, Hussain A, Khan MN, Alajmi MF, Abid M. Mechanistic Understanding of Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Approaches for Its Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:638609. [PMID: 33995297 PMCID: PMC8121174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.638609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for novel antifungal therapies has increased several- folds due to its potential to treat severe biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms are made by the sessile microorganisms attached to the abiotic or biotic surfaces, enclosed in a matrix of exopolymeric substances. This results in new phenotypic characteristics and intrinsic resistance from both host immune response and antimicrobial drugs. Candida albicans biofilm is a complex association of hyphal cells that are associated with both abiotic and animal tissues. It is an invasive fungal infection and acts as an important virulent factor. The challenges linked with biofilm-associated diseases have urged scientists to uncover the factors responsible for the formation and maturation of biofilm. Several strategies have been developed that could be adopted to eradicate biofilm-associated infections. This article presents an overview of the role of C. albicans biofilm in its pathogenicity, challenges it poses and threats associated with its formation. Further, it discusses strategies that are currently available or under development targeting prostaglandins, quorum-sensing, changing surface properties of biomedical devices, natural scaffolds, and small molecule-based chemical approaches to combat the threat of C. albicans biofilm. This review also highlights the recent developments in finding ways to increase the penetration of drugs into the extracellular matrix of biofilm using different nanomaterials against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Atriwal
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashish Azeem
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed Nadeem Khan
- Department of Tashreehul Badan, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohamed F Alajmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abid
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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El-Baz AM, Mosbah RA, Goda RM, Mansour B, Sultana T, Dahms TES, El-Ganiny AM. Back to Nature: Combating Candida albicans Biofilm, Phospholipase and Hemolysin Using Plant Essential Oils. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10010081. [PMID: 33467766 PMCID: PMC7830859 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the causative agent of fatal systemic candidiasis. Due to limitations of antifungals, new drugs are needed. The anti-virulence effect of plant essential oils (EOs) was evaluated against clinical C. albicans isolates including cinnamon, clove, jasmine and rosemary oils. Biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysin were assessed phenotypically. EOs were evaluated for their anti-virulence activity using phenotypic methods as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Among the C. albicans isolates, biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysins were detected in 40.4, 86.5 and 78.8% of isolates, respectively. Jasmine oil showed the highest anti-biofilm activity followed by cinnamon, clove and rosemary oils. SEM and AFM analysis showed reduced adherence and roughness in the presence of EOs. For phospholipase, rosemary oil was the most inhibitory, followed by jasmine, cinnamon and clove oils, and for hemolysins, cinnamon had the highest inhibition followed by jasmine, rosemary and clove oils. A molecular docking study revealed major EO constituents as promising inhibitors of the Als3 adhesive protein, with the highest binding for eugenol, followed by 1,8-cineole, 2-phenylthiolane and cinnamaldehyde. In conclusion, EOs have a promising inhibitory impact on Candida biofilm, phospholipase and hemolysin production, hence EOs could be used as potential antifungals that impact virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Baz
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt; (A.M.E.-B.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Rasha A. Mosbah
- Infection Control Unit, Zagazig University Hospitals, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt;
| | - Reham M. Goda
- Microbiology and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt; (A.M.E.-B.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Basem Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Mansoura, 11152 Dakhaliya, Egypt;
| | - Taranum Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, Canada; (T.S.); (T.E.S.D.)
| | - Tanya E. S. Dahms
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 1P4, Canada; (T.S.); (T.E.S.D.)
| | - Amira M. El-Ganiny
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +2-010-22799736; Fax: +2-055-2303266
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10
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Does Curcumin Have an Anticaries Effect? A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:213-227. [PMID: 34331692 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries is one of the most important oral health problems and a common infectious microbial disease. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) has been regarded as the primary etiologic factor in the formation of dental caries. Curcumin (CUR) has an antibacterial action and could be used in the eradication of S. mutans to control dental caries. This systematic review was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the anticaries effect of CUR. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Cochrane - CENTRAL, and Scopus databases. Based on the PICO model, studies which evaluated the anticaries effects of CUR up until 24 February 2020 with language restrictions were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS From 753 papers found, 13 met the eligibility criteria and were included. In 12 out of 13 included studies, CUR had significant antibacterial and anticaries effects. CUR had inhibitory effects on S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity, biomass, viability and metabolism reduction of biofilm, reduced exopolysaccharide production of biofilms, changes in biofilm structure, and had anti-adhesion effects against S. mutans. CONCLUSION This systematic review suggests promising antibacterial and anticaries effects of CUR including inhibition of S. mutans growth, acid production, ATPase and sortase A activity. This review provides unique information regarding the potential role of CUR in the prevention and treatment of dental carries as a natural, accessible, safe, and inexpensive agent to increase oral and dental health. However, clinical randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Sethi NS, Prasad DN, Singh RK. An Insight into the Synthesis and SAR of 2,4-Thiazolidinediones (2,4-TZD) as Multifunctional Scaffold: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:308-330. [PMID: 31660809 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191029102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Thiazolidinedione (2,4-TZD) is a versatile pharmacophore, a privileged scaffold, and a remarkable sulphur-containing heterocyclic compound with diverse pharmacological activities. The multifarious biological activities, due to different mechanisms of action, low cost, and easy availability of 2,4-TZD impressed medicinal chemists to integrate this moiety to develop various lead compounds with diverse therapeutic actions. This resulted in the swift development in the last decade for generating different new potential molecules bearing 2,4-TZD. In this review, the authors attempt to shape and present the latest investigations (2012 onwards) going on in generating promising 2,4-TZD containing lead compounds. The data has been collected and analyzed to develop the structure-activity relationship (SAR). The SAR and active pharmacophores of various leads accountable for antidiabetic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities have also been illustrated. This review also highlighted some of the important chemical synthetic routes for the preparation of various 2,4-TZD derivatives. This review will definitely serve as a useful source of structural information to medicinal chemists and may be utilized for the strategic design of potent 2,4-TZD derivatives in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot Singh Sethi
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, Dist Solan, 160022, Himachal Pradesh, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India
| | - Deo Nandan Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India
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Advances in Fungal Peptide Vaccines. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6030119. [PMID: 32722452 PMCID: PMC7558412 DOI: 10.3390/jof6030119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the greatest public health achievements in the past century, protecting and improving the quality of life of the population worldwide. However, a safe and effective vaccine for therapeutic or prophylactic treatment of fungal infections is not yet available. The lack of a vaccine for fungi is a problem of increasing importance as the incidence of diverse species, including Paracoccidioides, Aspergillus, Candida, Sporothrix, and Coccidioides, has increased in recent decades and new drug-resistant pathogenic fungi are emerging. In fact, our antifungal armamentarium too frequently fails to effectively control or cure mycoses, leading to high rates of mortality and morbidity. With this in mind, many groups are working towards identifying effective and safe vaccines for fungal pathogens, with a particular focus of generating vaccines that will work in individuals with compromised immunity who bear the major burden of infections from these microbes. In this review, we detail advances in the development of vaccines for pathogenic fungi, and highlight new methodologies using immunoproteomic techniques and bioinformatic tools that have led to new vaccine formulations, like peptide-based vaccines.
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Abstract
Fungal infections with increasing resistance to conventional therapies are a growing concern. Candida albicans is a major opportunistic yeast responsible for mucosal and invasive infections. Targeting the initial step of the infection process (i.e., C. albicans adhesion to the host cell) is a promising strategy. A wide variety of molecules can interfere with adhesion processes via an assortment of mechanisms. Herein, we focus on how small molecules disrupt biosynthesis of fungal cell wall components and membrane structure, prevent the localization of GPI-anchor proteins, inhibit production of enzymes involved in adhesion, downregulate genes encoding adhesins and competitively inhibit receptor interactions. As a result, adhesion of C. albicans to host cells is reduced, paving the way to new classes of antifungal agents.
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Sethi NS, Prasad DN, Singh RK. Synthesis, Anticancer, and Antibacterial Studies of Benzylidene Bearing 5-substituted and 3,5-disubstituted-2,4-Thiazolidinedione Derivatives. Med Chem 2020; 17:369-379. [PMID: 32394843 DOI: 10.2174/1573406416666200512073640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop novel compounds having potent anticancer and antibacterial activities. BACKGROUND Several studies have proved that benzylidene analogues of clinical 2,4-TZDs, such as troglitazone and ciglitazone, have more potent antiproliferative activity than their parent compounds. Literature studies also revealed that the attachment of more heterocyclic rings, containing nitrogen on 5th position of 2,4-TZD, can enhance the antimicrobial activity. Hence, attachment of various moieties on the benzylidene ring may produce safe and effective compounds in the future. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to synthesize a set of novel benzylidene ring containing 5- and 3-substituted-2,4-thiazolidinedione derivatives and evaluate them for their anticancer and antibacterial activity. METHODS The synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR, mass, and elemental studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity studies were performed for human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human lung cancer (A549) cells and HepG2 cell-line and compared to standard drug doxorubicin by MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity of the synthesized 2,4-thiazolidinediones derivatives was carried out using the cup plate method with slight modification. RESULTS The results obtained showed that TZ-5 and TZ-13 exhibited good antiproliferative activity against A549 cancer cell-line, whereas TZ-10 exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell-line when compared to standard drug doxorubicin. TZ-5 also exhibited reasonable activity against the MCF-7 cell-line with doxorubicin as standard. TZ-4, TZ-5, TZ-6, TZ-7, and TZ- 16 exhibited remarkable antibacterial activity against Gram positive and moderate activity against Gram negative bacteria with the standard drug ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION Attachment of heterocyclic rings containing nitrogen as the hetero atom improves the anticancer and antimicrobial potential. Attachment of electronegative elements like halogens can also enhance the antimicrobial activity. Further structure modifications may lead to the development of more potent 2,4-TZD leads that can be evaluated for further advanced studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navjot S Sethi
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Kalujhanda, Dist. Solan, 174103, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deo N Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh K Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shivalik College of Pharmacy, Nangal, Dist. Rupnagar, 140126, Punjab, India
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Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Piperazin-4-yl-(acetyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) Norfloxacin Analogues as Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213959. [PMID: 31683749 PMCID: PMC6864599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin, a series of hybrid norfloxacin–thiazolidinedione molecules were synthesized and screened for their direct antimicrobial activity and their anti-biofilm properties. The new hybrids were intended to have a new binding mode to DNA gyrase, that will allow for a more potent antibacterial effect, and for activity against current quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Moreover, the thiazolidinedione moiety aimed to include additional anti-pathogenicity by preventing biofilm formation. The resulting compounds showed promising direct activity against Gram-negative strains, and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive strains. Docking studies and ADMET were also used in order to explain the biological properties and revealed some potential advantages over the parent molecule norfloxacin.
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Selection of potential anti-adhesion drugs by in silico approaches targeted to ALS3 from Candida albicans. Biotechnol Lett 2019; 41:1391-1401. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-019-02747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li X, Yin L, Ramage G, Li B, Tao Y, Zhi Q, Lin H, Zhou Y. Assessing the impact of curcumin on dual-species biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e937. [PMID: 31560838 PMCID: PMC6925172 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are often isolated from plaques associated with early childhood caries. However, there are limited studies examining how these microorganisms interact with one another and how best to manage them. Recent studies have shown that curcumin (CUR), a natural compound, has the potential to independently control both of these microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate how S. mutans and C. albicans respond in mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms challenged with CUR. Quantitative biofilm biomass and viability were first evaluated and supported by live–dead PCR to assess biofilm composition. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS) content and thickness of the biofilms, and the structure of the biofilms and morphology of the cells were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was applied to assess relative gene expression. The 50% minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50) of CUR against S. mutans and C. albicans was 0.5 mM. The biomass and viability decreased after treatment with CUR both in dual‐species biofilms and in mono‐species biofilm. CUR inhibited S. mutans and C. albicans in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms. Streptococcus mutans was more sensitive to CUR in dual‐species biofilm than in mono‐species biofilms, whereas C. albicans was less sensitive in dual‐species biofilms. EPS production was decreased by CUR in both mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms, which coincided with the downregulation of glucosyltransferase and quorum sensing‐related gene expression of S. mutans. In C. albicans, the agglutinin‐like sequence family of C. albicans was also downregulated in dual‐species biofilms. Collectively, these data show the potential benefit of using a natural antimicrobial, CUR, to control caries‐related dual‐species plaque biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luoping Yin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bingchun Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghui Zhi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huancai Lin
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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New Phenolic Derivatives of Thiazolidine-2,4-dione with Antioxidant and Antiradical Properties: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Evaluation, and Quantum Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112060. [PMID: 31151176 PMCID: PMC6600258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been incriminated in the physiopathology of many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. There is a great interest in developing new antioxidants that could be useful for preventing and treating conditions for which oxidative stress is suggested as the root cause. The thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities and the phenol moiety is known as a pharmacophore in many naturally occurring and synthetic antioxidants. Twelve new phenolic derivatives of thiazolidine-2,4-dione were synthesized and physicochemically characterized. The antioxidant capacity of the synthesized compounds was assessed through several in vitro antiradical, electron transfer, and Fe2+ chelation assays. The top polyphenolic compounds 5f and 5l acted as potent antiradical and electron donors, with activity comparable to the reference antioxidants used. The ferrous ion chelation capacity of the newly synthesized compounds was modest. Several quantum descriptors were calculated in order to evaluate their influence on the antioxidant and antiradical properties of the compounds and the chemoselectivity of the radical generation reactions has been evaluated. The correlation with the energetic level of the frontier orbitals partially explained the antioxidant activity, whereas a better correlation was found while evaluating the O–H bond dissociation energy of the phenolic groups.
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