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Jiang W, Wang J, Xue W, Xin J, Shi C, Wen J, Feng X, Huang Y, Hu C. Caveolin-1 attenuates acetaminophen aggravated lipid accumulation in alcoholic fatty liver by activating mitophagy via the Pink-1/Parkin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174324. [PMID: 34246650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is a disease characterized by the abnormal structure and dysfunction of hepatocytes caused by long-term, excessive drinking. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a commonly used painkiller, but it can aggravate lipid deposition in the liver and cause liver injury when used in fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the effect of caveolin-1 (CAV-1), an intracellular stent protein, on the pathogenesis of APAP aggravated lipid deposition in AFL mice. This study shows that lipid accumulation was more severe in APAP groups than in alcohol-treated mice. The CAV-1 stent-like domain (CSD, 82-101 amino acids of caveolin-1), used to upregulate CAV-1 expression, could reduce lipid accumulation and activate autophagy in AFL mice treated with APAP. The levels of CAV-1 and autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II/I and Beclin-1) had decreased, whereas SREBP-1c had increased in A/O (alcohol and oleic acid) and APAP-co-treated L02 cells. CAV-1 small interfering RNA and CAV1-overexpressing plasmid were separately transfected into A/O and APAP co-treated L02 cells. When CAV-1 was downregulated, the levels of Pink-1, Parkin, and autophagy-related proteins (LC3-II/I and Beclin-1) were decreased, whereas SREBP-1c was increased. The opposite trend was observed when CAV-1 was overexpressed. The results show that CAV-1 reduced lipid accumulation in L02 cells and activated Pink-1/Parkin-related mitophagy. This study highlights the positive role of CAV-1 in APAP-increased lipid accumulation under the AFL status and provides a new understanding of the function of CAV-1 in the liver through mitophagy associated with the Pink-1/Parkin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiarong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Weiju Xue
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiao Xin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Congjian Shi
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jiagen Wen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chengmu Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Wild Bitter Melon Extract Regulates LPS-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation, Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ferroptosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6671129. [PMID: 34239589 PMCID: PMC8241502 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6671129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a key component of liver fibrosis. Two antifibrosis pathways have been identified, the reversion to quiescent-type HSCs and the clearance of HSCs through apoptosis. Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced HSCs activation and proliferation have been associated with the development of liver fibrosis. We determined the pharmacological effects of wild bitter melon (WM) on HSC activation following LPS treatment and investigated whether WM treatment affected cell death pathways under LPS-treated conditions, including ferroptosis. WM treatment caused cell death, both with and without LPS treatment. WM treatment caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation without LPS treatment and reversed the decrease in lipid ROS production in HSCs after LPS treatment. We examined the effects of WM treatment on fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammation, and ferroptosis in LPS-activated HSCs. The western blotting analysis revealed that the WM treatment of LPS-activated HSCs induced the downregulation of the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), integrin-β1, phospho-JNK (p-JNK), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) and the upregulation of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP). These results support WM as an antifibrotic agent that may represent a potential therapeutic solution for the management of liver fibrosis.
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Zhang SH, Yu MJ, Yan JL, Xiao JH, Xiao Y, Yang JL, Lei J, Yu X, Chen WL, Chai Y. TLR4 Knockout Attenuates BDL-induced Liver Cholestatic Injury through Amino Acid and Choline Metabolic Pathways. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:572-580. [PMID: 34047945 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which knockout of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) attenuates the liver injury remains unclear. The present study aimed to examine the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver cholestatic injury and the underlying mechanism. Wild type (WT) mice and TLR4 knockout (TLR4-KO) mice were used for the establishment of the BDL model. Metabolomics were applied to analyze the changes of small molecular metabolites in the serum and liver of the two groups. The serum biochemical indexes and the HE staining results of liver tissue showed that liver damage was significantly reduced in TLR4-KO mice after BDL when compared with that in WT mice. The metabolite analysis results showed that TLR4 KO could maintain the metabolisms of amino acids- and choline-related metabolites. After BDL, the amino acids- and choline-related metabolites, especially choline and 3-hydroxybutyrate, were significantly increased in WT mice (both in serum and liver), but these metabolites in the liver of TLR4-KO mice after BLD were not significant different from those before BLD. In conclusion, TLR4 KO could attenuate BDL-induced liver cholestatic injury through regulating amino acid and choline metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Hua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Meng-Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jin-Long Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ju-Hua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jia-le Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Wei-Long Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yong Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Lee PJ, Pham CH, Thuy NTT, Park HJ, Lee SH, Yoo HM, Cho N. 1-Methoxylespeflorin G11 Protects HT22 Cells from Glutamate-Induced Cell Death through Inhibition of ROS Production and Apoptosis. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:217-225. [PMID: 33397834 PMCID: PMC9705990 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2011.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 1-methoxylespeflorin G11 (MLG), a pterocarpan, against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal HT22 hippocampal cells. The protective effects of MLG were evaluated using MTT assay and microscopic analysis. The extent of apoptosis was studied using flow cytometric analysis performed on the damaged cells probed with annexin V/propidium iodide. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed using flow cytometry through MitoSOXTM Red staining. To determine mitochondrial membrane potential, staining with tetramethylrhodamine and JC-1 was performed followed by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that MLG attenuates glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT22 cells by inhibiting intracellular ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, MLG prevented glutamate-induced apoptotic pathway in HT22 cells through upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of cleaved PARP-1, AIF, and phosphorylated MAPK cascades. In addition, MLG treatment induced HO-1 expression in HT22 cells. These results suggested that MLG exhibits neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal HT22 cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 6499, Republic of Korea
| | - Chau Ha Pham
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 414, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Thi Thanh Thuy
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 6499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Biometrology Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea,H.M. Yoo Phone: +82-42-868-5362 E-mail:
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors N. Cho Phone: +82-62-530-2926 E-mail:
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Lee PJ, Park HJ, Yoo HM, Cho N. Betulin Protects HT-22 Hippocampal Cells against ER Stress through Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Inhibition of ROS Production. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19896684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A key pathologic event in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced neuronal cell death. ER stress-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in neurological disease processes. Betulin is one of the major triterpenoids found in Betula platyphylla that possesses several biological properties, including cytoprotective and antioxidative effects. Therefore, we investigated whether betulin could prevent ER stress-induced neurotoxicity in HT-22 hippocampal neuronal cells. We observed that betulin reduced the thapsigargin (TG, an ER stress inducer)-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells. Moreover, the cytoprotective effects of betulin were comparable to those of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a potent ER stress-reducing agent. In our study, we confirmed that the ER stress-induced accumulation of ROS plays an important role in HT-22 cell death. Betulin also displayed cytoprotective effects in TG-injured HT-22 cells by reducing ROS generation; these results were comparable to those for N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a known ROS inhibitor. In addition, SnPP, a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitor significantly blocked the cytoprotective effects and ROS scavenging activity of betulin. Based on these results, we believe that betulin-mediated induction of HO-1 may contribute to the neuroprotective effects against ER stress in HT-22 hippocampal cells. We also found that betulin significantly inhibited the TG-induced expression of CHOP and caspase-12. These results demonstrated that betulin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent against ER stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hee Min Yoo
- Center for Bioanalysis, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Namki Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Differential Mechanism of ATP Production Occurs in Response to Succinylacetone in Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193575. [PMID: 31623369 PMCID: PMC6803967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to verify the potential ability of succinylacetone (SA) to inhibit mitochondrial function, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation. SA treatment caused apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells, but not in SW480 cells, with mitochondria playing a key role. We checked for dysfunctional mitochondria after SA treatment. Mitochondria of HT29 cells were swollen, indicating damage, whereas in HCT116 cells, several mitochondria had a diminished size. Damaged mitochondria decreased ATP production and induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells. To understand SA-induced reduction in ATP production, we investigated the electron transfer chains (ETC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) activity, which prevents the transfer of acetyl-CoA to the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle by inhibiting PDH (pyruvate dehydrogenase) activity. In each cell line, the inhibitory mechanism of ATP by SA was different. The activity of complex III consisting of the mitochondrial ETCs in HT29 cells was decreased. In contrast, PDH activity in HCT116 cells was reduced. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT)-removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) was upregulated in HT29 cells, but not in HCT116 cells, indicating that in HT29 cells, a defense mechanism was activated against ROS. Collectively, our study showed a differential mechanism occurs in response to SA in colon cancer cells.
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Aquaporin 11-Dependent Inhibition of Proliferation by Deuterium Oxide in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123209. [PMID: 30563120 PMCID: PMC6321126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) has been reported to be active toward various in vitro cell lines in combination with phytochemicals. Our objective was to describe, for the first time, the effect of D2O on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). After D2O treatment, the p53-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathway was stimulated, leading to inhibition of the proliferation of HSCs and an increase in the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. We also evaluated the role of aquaporin (AQP) 11 in activated HSCs. We found that D2O treatment decreased AQP11 expression levels. Of note, AQP11 levels elevated by a genetic approach counteracted the D2O-mediated inhibition of proliferation. In addition, the expression levels of AQP11 negatively correlated with those of p53. On the other hand, cells transfected with an AQP11-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed enhanced inhibition of proliferation. These findings suggest that the inhibition of cell proliferation by D2O in activated HSCs could be AQP11 dependent. Our previous studies have documented that bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) induces apoptosis by regulating heme oxygenase (HO)-1 protein expression in activated HSCs. In the current study, we tested whether cotreatment with BDMC and D2O can modulate the AQP11-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation effectively. We observed that D2O cotreatment with BDMC significantly decreased cell proliferation compared to treatment with D2O alone, and this effect was accompanied by downregulation of HO-1 and an increase in p53 levels.
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